Bonapartism

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Napoleon I

Bonapartism is an Authoritarian Unity and culturally center ideology based on the beliefs of Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. in the strict sense, it aims to establish an imperial regime in France at the head of which would be placed a member of the family of Napoleon Bonaparte, and in the broadest sense, it aims to establish a nation-state with a strong and centralized executive which is authoritarian and largely undemocratic but relied on plebiscites to rise to power both times.

History

After the death of Maximilien Robespierre, the French Directory controlled France. This government was extremely unpopular, so a young Corsican boy named Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the government and proclaimed himself the First Consul. Eventually, as he protected France and expanded his borders, he gained more popularity and, therefore, crowned himself Emperor.

Bonapartism as a pejorative

In modern times, the term "Bonapartism" has been used more generally for a political movement that advocates an authoritarian centralized state, with a strongman charismatic leader based on anti-elitist rhetoric, army support, as well as conservatism. Within leftists circles, Bonapartism is used to describe counter-revolutionary authoritarian leaders that use leftist, anti-capitalist, or anti-imperialist rhetoric as means to gain support from the masses but once in power rule like an emperor for life and revert the gains of the revolution to benefit themselves and a new caste of elites.

Bonapartism is often seen as the precursor to various Fascist ideologies espoused by the likes of Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler and Oswald Mosley.

Leaders and political figures. that aren't clearly left or right may be referred to as Bonapartists. This includes US senator and governor of Louisiana Huey Long, Argentine dictator Juan Perón, former Prime Minister of Thailand and exiled billionaire, Thaksin Shinawatra, etc. All aforementioned politicians combined policies that are associated with both the left and right while using authoritarian tactics to maintain power.

Bonapartism is often used by many leftists including marxists, anarchists, trotskyists, and left communists, to describe anti-communist authoritarian socialists such as Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ne Win, Saddam Hussein, Muammar Gaddafi, Hafez al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad, Yasser Arafat, etc, who all explicitly rejected Marxist class struggle in favor of class collaborationism and actively banned or persecuted domestic left-wing movements while also being allied to the Soviet Union, which some would argue was itself an elitist Bonapartist regime of its own.

Russian President Vladimir Putin is sometimes described as a Bonapartist leader with a Napoleon Complex due to his ability to gain support from people on the left and the far-right alike, despite maintaining and strengthening Russia's oligarchic system for his own benefit at the expense of the Russian working class.

Beliefs

Economic Beliefs

Napoleon's economic beliefs were pragmatic and aimed at consolidating power and promoting national prosperity. He implemented key economic reforms to modernize and stabilize the French economy. The creation of the Banque de France in 1800 demonstrated his commitment to financial stability. Napoleon also introduced the Napoleonic Code in 1804, providing a comprehensive legal framework that promoted property rights, contractual freedom, and legal equality. While these reforms fostered economic development, Napoleon's policies also had a militaristic component, as he saw economic strength as crucial for military success. The Continental System, an economic blockade against Britain, exemplified his geopolitical approach to economic strategy, attempting to weaken a major rival.

Geopolitical Beliefs

Napoleon's geopolitical beliefs were driven by a desire for French dominance in Europe. His expansionist policies were often justified under the banner of spreading revolutionary ideals leading to the establishment of the French Empire through military conquests. The Napoleonic Wars aimed at restructuring Europe to serve French interests, and his vision of a Continental System sought to isolate and weaken Britain economically. Napoleon's geopolitical strategies were pragmatic, combining military might with diplomatic maneuvering to maintain French dominance. The failure of the Russian campaign and subsequent military defeats ultimately led to the decline of his geopolitical influence.

Cultural Beliefs

Napoleon's cultural beliefs were a blend of revolutionary ideals and pragmatic adaptations to his conservative climate. While he initially positioned himself as a defender of the French Revolution, emphasizing principles like liberty and equality, he also recognized the need for social order and stability inside a majority catholic population. The Napoleonic Code codified key revolutionary principles. Napoleon sought to create a sense of French national identity through the spread of French culture and institutions across the territories he controlled. His policies often aimed at assimilating conquered regions into a unified French identity, reflecting a cultural imperialism to strengthen the cohesion of the French Empire.

Philosophical Beliefs

Philosophically, Napoleon was a pragmatist who prioritized effective governance over strict adherence to ideology. While he initially aligned with some revolutionary principles, he later abandoned the republican experiment and declared himself Emperor. His decision to reconcile with the Catholic Church through the Concordat in 1801 was a recognition of the need for social stability and religious reconciliation. Napoleon sympathized with some Enlightenment ideals but was willing to compromise for the sake of political expediency. His philosophical beliefs were characterized by a belief in strong, centralized governance, where power was consolidated in the hands of a capable leader – a concept often associated with the pragmatic Machiavellian tradition.

Variants

Neo-Bonapartism/Napoleon III Thought

Neo-Bonapartism/Napoleon III Thought is the Ideology of Napoleon the Third and marked his rule from as president1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870.

Before his reign, Napoleon III was known as Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. He was born at the height of the First French Empire in the Tuileries Palace at Paris, the son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland (r. 1806–1810), and Hortense de Beauharnais, and paternal nephew of the reigning Emperor Napoleon I. It would only be two months following his birth that he, by Napoleon I's dynastic naming policy, would be bestowed the name of Charles-Louis Napoleon, however, shortly thereafter, Charles was removed from his name. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was the first and only president of the French Second Republic, elected in 1848. He seized power by force in 1851, when he could not be constitutionally re-elected. He later proclaimed himself Emperor of the French and founded the Second Empire, reigning until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies at the Battle of Sedan in 1870.

Napoleon III was a popular monarch who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He expanded the French colonial empire, made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, and personally engaged in two wars. Maintaining leadership for 22 years, he was the longest-reigning French head of state since the fall of the Ancien Régime. However, his reign would ultimately end upon his surrender to Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm I on 2 September 1870.

Napoleon III commissioned a grand reconstruction of Paris carried out by the prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann. He expanded and consolidated the nation's railway system and modernized the banking system. Napoleon promoted the construction of the Suez Canal and established modern agricultural practices, which helped end famines in France and made the country a leading agricultural exporter. He negotiated the 1860 Cobden–Chevalier Free Trade Agreement with Britain and similar agreements with France's other European trading partners. Social reforms included granting French workers the right to strike, the right to organize, and the right for women to be admitted to French universities.

In foreign policy, Napoleon III sought to reassert French influence in Europe and globally. In Europe, he allied with Britain and defeated Russia in the Crimean War (1853–1856). His regime assisted Italian unification by defeating the Austrian Empire in the Second Italian War of Independence. It later annexed Savoy and Nice through the Treaty of Turin as its deferred reward. At the same time, his forces defended the Papal States against Italian annexation. He was also favourable towards the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities, which resulted in the establishment of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Napoleon doubled the area of the French colonial empire with expansions in Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. On the other hand, the intervention in Mexico, which aimed to establish a Second Mexican Empire under French protection, ultimately failed.

From 1866, Napoleon had to face the mounting power of Prussia, as its minister president, Otto von Bismarck, sought to unify Germany under Prussian leadership. In July 1870, Napoleon reluctantly declared war on Prussia after pressure from the general public. The French Army was rapidly defeated, and Napoleon was captured at the Battle of Sedan. He was swiftly dethroned, and the Third Republic was proclaimed in Paris. After he was released from German custody, he went into exile in England, where he died in 1873.

Personality

Bonapartism supports the Enlightenment and supports spreading its values everywhere, however; he is also a pragmatist and thus doesn't support too much radical change.

He wants to usurp the throne of Spain & really hates Russia for some reason.

How to Draw

The design of Bonapartism is based around two symbols - the flag and coat of arms of the First French Empire.

Flag of Bonapartism

1. Draw a ball
2. Make the French flag by coloring the ball navy blue-white-red with three vertical bands
3. Add two golden staffs crossed diagonally in the center white band
4. On top of the staffs draw a cobalt blue shield with a golden eagle in the middle
5. Add a golden necklace around the shield, going from the upper sides to the bottom
6. Draw a crowned gold knight helmet on top of the shield
7. From the helmet, draw golden wavy stripes going to the sides
8. Draw the ball wearing a black Bicorne, brimmed with yellow and fitted with a maroon-white-blue cockade
9. Add the two eyes

You're done!

Color Name		HEX	RGB
	Navy Blue	#002654	rgb(0, 38, 84)
	White	#FFFFFF	rgb(255, 255, 255)
	Red	#CE1126	rgb(206, 17, 38)
	Cobalt Blue	#004995	rgb(0, 73, 149)
	Gold	#D7B93C	rgb(215, 185, 60)
	Maroon	#AE0000	rgb(174, 0, 0)
	Yellow	#FFC400	rgb(255, 196, 0)
	Black	#161616	rgb(22, 22, 22)

Relationships

Amis (Friends)

• Absolutisme éclairé - Has great ideas.
• Machiavélisme - How I came into power and how I maintain it.
• Impérialisme - The French empire will spread the revolution worldwide! VIVE L'EMPEREUR!
• Méritocratie - I love Meritocracy and helped it become a part of Europe.
• Nietzschéisme - Nietzsche believed that I am a higher human.
• Monarcho-capitalisme - Napoleon III liked you.
• Kritarchie - “My glory is not that I won forty battles and dictated the law to kings… Waterloo wipes out the memory of all my victories… But what will be wiped out by nothing and will live forever is my Civil Code.”
• Monarchisme électif, Démocratie illibérale & Populisme - The people of France voted for my dynasty twice in a totally not rigged referendum. I get my power from the military the people, not divine right.
• Industrialisme - I made France a great industrial power.

Neutre (Neutral)

• Théocratie catholique - Relations with France and the Catholic Chruch were deeply severed years prior, though in the end we reconciled. Napoleon III even protected you from the Piedmont-Sardinians.
• Jacobinisme & Républicanisme - I am the true successor to the revolution!
• Constitutionnalisme - "A Constitution should be short and obscure"
• Libéralisme classique, Pensée des Lumières - The people shall have rights, but shall not have the vote! Supporters of mine liked you though during the Second Empire and he seem to like me nowadays for this phase.
• Nationalisme intégral - I love France too but why don't you like the Enlightenment?
• Fascisme - Why do you admire me?
• Nazisme - You visited my grave? Dammit, that Austrian painter took the French onions.
• Théocratie islamique - While Muhammad was a great man, France cannot accommodate your model. At least you also throw them in the trash.
• Ottomanisme - I fought against you in Egypt and your Empire made an alliance with the Coalition. However, you then joined me way after even if you remained neutral during the rest of my Wars in Europe but though, we both hate the Austrians, Russians, and Spaniards and Napoleon III even created a trio between his Empire, yours and the British Crown.
• Réactionnaire - Jacobins say I'm you, some of you hate me, while others support me. But no matter what you or they say, I'm a modernizing force who destroyed the old order. That being said, I did restore the Church and I did end the arguably liberal Thermidorians and the socialist Babouvists during my first and second rule respectively.

Ennemis (Enemies)

• Féodalisme - Napoleonic code go brr... HRE go bye-bye.
• Patchwork - Down with bordergore.
• Thermidorisme - Directory get rekt. Though, in some way I was more conservative than you, especially on religious grounds.
• Montagnisme - National Assembly also get rekt.
• Socialisme réactionnaire - I loved humiliating Metternich.
• HRE - MAIS PAS D'OIGNONS AUX AUTRICHIENS, NON PAS D'OIGNONS À TOUS CES CHIENS!
• Feuillantisme - I'm emperor now, deal with it!
• Intégralisme - Hippity hoppity your country is my propert- OW MERDE!
• Bismarckisme - F*cking Prussian!! You ruined my second chance!
• Duc de Wellington - 18 June 1815, worst day of my life.
• Des fonctionnaires corrompus - Throw them in the trash!
• Mauvaise infrastructure - Throw it in the trash!
• Droits des femmes - Throw them in the trash!
  • Wait, really?

• • Well, yeah.

Further Information

Wikipedia

• House of Bonaparte
• Napoleonic Wars
• Napoleonic Code
• Bonapartism
• Bonapartist party
• Neo-Bonapartism
• First French Empire
• Second French Empire
• Coup of 18 Brumaire
• 1851 French coup d'état
• Continental System
• Crimean War
• Second French intervention in Mexico
• Franco-Prussian War
• 1804 French Constitutional referendum
• 1852 French Second Empire referendum
• Napoleon complex
• Empire Style
• Sister republic

Videos

• The Napoleonic Wars (Parts 1 and 2) by OverSimplified
• Why "Neither Left Nor Right" Just Means Right Wing | Bonapartism by Second Thought
• NAPOLEON'S STRUGGLE AGAINST FREEMASONRY: BONAPARTE AGAINST ROTHSCHILD by The Fascifist
• THE IMPERIAL FRENCH CAUSE: IN DEFENSE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE by The Fascifist

Gallery

Portraits

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  Napoleon's Imperial Standard
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  In Exile

Artwork and Comics

• 
  Credit: TheLegend2T, Source
• 
  Credit: K-Tech, Source
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