Fascism

"We represent a new principle in the world, we represent the clear, categorical, definitive antithesis of the entire world of democracy, of plutocracy, of freemasonry, of the entire world, to put it shortly, of the immortal principles of '89."

Benito Mussolini

"For Fascism... The State and the individual are one, or better, perhaps, "State" and "individual" are terms that are inseparable in a necessary synthesis."

Giovanni Gentile

Fascism is an ultranationalist, totalitarian, and corporativist doctrine that originates from the teachings of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and philosopher Giovanni Gentile, originally outlined in The Doctrine of Fascism. Fascism has had many different iterations throughout history, some of which were inspired by or have built upon Mussolini's and Gentile's ideas, while the form of fascism that follows the original doctrine is called Italian Fascism or Classical Fascism.

Etymology

• Fascism - The name comes from the Etruscan symbol by the name of "fasces", which is a bound bundle of wooden rods, sometimes including an axe with its blade emerging. This iconography was originally used in the earlier days of Mussolini's movement as an Italian nationalist symbol for the word fascio, or faggio, which was an Italian word for trade unions around the era of the Kingdom of Italy. The literal translation of fascism, thus, is syndicalism, or trade unionism.

Another translation of fascio, the term Fascism derived itself from, literally translates it to league, which were the Italian equivalent of the syndicate. A Diary of the Will, a Mussolini writing, roughly defines Fascism by 1927 as "Fascism is a syndical movement which gathers all the productive forces of the Nation obedient to the same law and to the same idea. It is a political movement with millions of members of the same unbreakable faith. It is a military movement with a real army of Blackshirts. And everything is fused in an almost religious devotion: devotion to the Fatherland". Considering Mussolini's appreciation for ultranationalist syndicalism even into his later days, this means there is a high possibility that Fascism just means Italian syndicalism.

History

After WW1, Italy was living a grave crisis on all fronts. It's Victory in the Great War costed the Country over 650.000 casualties, more than 1.000.000 wounded and war invalids and thousands of missing. The reduces that returned from the trenches found themselves in an unrecognizable situation, with a government unable and perhaps unwilling to reward them for their sacrifices, with some even blaming them for the situation Italy was in. Economically speaking, the Nation was in a grave debt with the Victorious Nations of the Great War , because of the import of natural resources which Italy lacked to fuel the military-industrial complex. What's more, many industrialists had speculated on the War at the disadvantages of their workers, and with the civilian riconversion in acta, many lost their jobs.

(gives a short historical overview of the ideology)

Before Mussolini

(gives a explanation by what ideologies the ideology was influenced by and how it was influenced by that ideology)

Foreign Influence

(gives a explanation of foreign influence the ideology has had)

Proto-Fascism

(shows of a version of the ideology before it fully came to being i.e. the societal priming for the creation of the ideology)

Italian Fascism

Italian Fascism is the original fascist ideology, born from the trade unionist movement of Benito Mussolini and later expanded on intellectually by Giovanni Gentile. We see it's historical practice by Benito Mussolini's parties: the National Fascist Party (PNF), which ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, and the Republican Fascist Party that lorded over the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945. Italian Fascism is also seen with-in the post-war Italian Social Movement.

March on Rome

(goes on for as long as it needs to go on for)

Early Days in Power

(this section is about the ideology and the peak of its intellectual, ideological strength and the height of its popularity)

Italo-Ethiopian War

(here goes the general history of the ideology stuff that does not fit into the proto, origin, peak, downfall and modern section)

Second World War

Itay played a major role in the second world war, starting in the 1920s, it was the first major Fascist power, next in 1933, came Germany with The Nazi Party , and Spain in 1936 with their Falangism. in 1939 Germany invaded poland and WW2 started, thats where italy comes in, they join germany's side and invade Albania. WIP

Italian Social Republic

(this section is about the eventual downfall of the ideology and what has caused this downfall)

Modern

Fascism originates from the aftermath of World War II and the defeat of the Axis Powers. Neo-Fascism tends to believe that it's own nation is superior to all others but is usually less associative with Totalitarianism but still holds the concepts of Organic Democracy.

Neo-Fascism is usually right to far-right politically, but still somewhat Corporatist economically. Neo-Fascism caries many ideals from Nazism as it took concepts from the Italian Social Republic (1944-1945).

The first major Neo-Fascist movement was the Italian Social Movement, which was dissolved in 1995. A more well known variation of Neo-Fascism is Neo-Nazism which is the version of National Socialism that also began after World War II. Neo-Nazism tends to be more racist than generic Neo-Fascism.

Neo-Fascism has gained recent popularity in Greece following the Great Recession and recent economic hardships in the country leading to the creation of the political party Golden Dawn. In the United States, Neo-Nazism has seen a resurgence following the 2016 presidential election. The Neo-Nazi movement is the third version of the Ku Klux Klan , which evolved into Neo-Fascism and Neo-Nazism after 1950 despite initially being Neo-Confederate. Neo-Fascism also has also spawned Alt-Right.

Influenced

(which ideologies this ideology has influenced and how it influenced them)

Examples

IRL Examples

(irl examples of the actual ideology happening in real life)

Fictional Examples

(fictional examples of the ideology happening in fiction)

Comparisons

National Socialism

Main Article: Nazism

Despite the common idea, Fascism and National Socialism arose separately for different reasons, only influencing each other once Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler began allied with each other in 1938.

• Fascism arose out of Hegelian Dialectic Idealism, along with Marxism. National Socialism, while having a more complicated tree of influences, does not trace back to Hegelianism. Its nearest ancestor to both Fascism and Marxism is Kantian Philosophy.
  
• National Socialism believes that the state should only use its power insofar that it is related to elevating the Volkgemienschaft and purifying it from outside forces. Fascism believes that everything is relative where the power of the state is an absolute, including the nation, which is generated by the state. Fascism concludes that the solution to hierarchy and it's inherent destruction of spirit through dogmatism is to make its power absolute but have its power exist only insofar that the individual relates to it, thus it believes that inherited spirit must develop within the individual's construction of their own spirit. Hitler viewed that anti-Liberal conceptions of the State, especially ones very similar to what Fascism embraces, were extremely morally objectionable. National Socialism's state power only derives from what they believe is the call of the Volkgemienschaft, so they can be totalitarian if the security and purity of the Volkgemienschaft demands it, but even in the modern day, most National Socialists are very hostile towards fascist Totalitarianism.
• The main goal of National Socialist economy, as specifically said by Hitler, was to consolidate the power of the "superior classes" and established an economy that synthesized economic darwinism with death of economic degeneracy. Fascism, while aggressive towards trade unions that were Socialist in character, only attacked these because they believed revolutionary sentiment would erode unity of nations, which was later also espoused by revolutionary socialists, like Vladmir Lenin, who had moral objections to the unnecessarily brutal results of their revolutions. Fascism's economic theory is instead an extension of post-utopian socialist analysis and Sorelian philosophy. It also supported a transition to workers becoming directive of the processes of the economy and workplace in both its original left-wing and its Republican versions.
• Before allying with Fascist Italy over imperialist conflicts, and after the destruction of the original Fascist state, Nazism had an extremely negative opinion of Fascist ideology, although admiring their tactics. Mussolini also despised Nazism before the Italian Social Republic, although even then, having major conflict with the actions of the Nazis that they did to him and what they pressured him into legalization.
• National Socialism believes in Social Darwinism as the basis of their ideology. Fascism is egalitarian, which is one of their basis for justifying the state as absolute.

Showa Statism

Statism in Shōwa Japan, or Showa Statism, describes political ideology during Japanese Empire prior and during World War II. During reign of Emperor Hirohito, the Empire became militarist, imperialist, traditionalist and economically dirigiste. Additionally, Shinto, Japanese folk religion, became the state religion.

Showa Statism was influenced by famous Japanese political thinker Ikki Kita. His ideology was a Pan-Asian and expansionist one, as well as geopolitically anti-Russian. He was nationalist, supported expansion of workers' rights and anti-Marxist, seeing Marxism as outdated and criticizing its revolutionary methods.

Some debate the use of the fascist label on Japan describing it as having more in common with the Ludendorf dictatorship in Germany in World War 1 as opposed to fascist Italy.

Fascist Intellectuals

Giovanni Gentile

(this section talks about the most important intellectual to the movement)

Benito Mussolini

(this section also talks about the other important intellectual to the movement)

Italo Balbo

Balboism is a culturally left and economically third positionist variant of Italian Fascism based on the beliefs and policies of Italo Balbo. A World War I veteran, Italo Balbo was among the first members of the National Fascist Party and a chief architect of the March on Rome. He espoused a form of Italian ultranationalism in which any person could become an Italian through education and desire (in a similar vein to Actualism). After the March on Rome, he was responsible for the creation of the Italian Royal Air Force. He became a self-taught innovator and took part in the Century of Progress.

As Governor-General of the Libyan colony, Italo Balbo guaranteed residents citizenship and equal rights. This would include religious freedom for everyone, including Jews. At one point, Balbo forced Herman Goering to observe the many active synagogues he helped construct. He also oversaw vast modernization efforts, including improvements in transportation, communication, and urban development; as well as the construction of railways, schools, hospitals, roads, airports, and other important infrastructure. This resulted in speedy economic development. However, Italo Balbo attempted to impose secularization. culminating in awkward policies like whipping Jews who closed businesses on the Sabbath. He also oversaw the taking of new colonial territory from the British and French. Balbo also planned on settling around 500,000 Italians in Libya by the 1960's. This was a motivation for the Libyan genocide.

Italo Balbo was among the minority of actualists and actualist-aligned Fascists who opposed making anti-Semitism official government policy. He also believed that British values are more aligned with Fascism than Nazism, and thus called for an alliance with the British and French against the Third Reich. However, he remained loyal to the regime and briefly led the Italian campaign in Northern Africa. In 1940, he died in an airplane bombing after his flight was mistaken for a British warplane.

Nicola Bombacci

Bombaccism is based on the thoughts of Italian political figure Nicola Bombacci.

He was born in the municipality of Civitella Di Romagna, Forli in Italy on October 24th, 1879, and his family lived in a cultivating land owned by the parish of Don Nicolò Ghini. As a child his family moved to Meldola at the lower Bidente Valley in which he finished elementary school.

In 1895, Nicola Bombacci was enrolled in the seminary of Forlì but he left it due to health reasons, but he continued his studies in 1900 at the Giosuè Carducci College in Forlimpopoli, Emilia to become an elementary teacher. He was enrolled in class III but it was the same class that Benito Mussolini went to and Nicola Bombacci has graduated in 1901 while it was the same year he approached the Socialist movement.

Nicola Bombacci has begun the work of the teacher with small assignments in the province of Emilia but then engaged in the first significant role at Villa Santina in the province of Udine from 1904 to 1905. He later returned to Emilia but in Baricella at which he married Erissene Focaccia who is also a teacher and in 1906 the family/couple moved to Cadelbosco di Sopra in which Nicola Bombacci has spent a period of economic hardship before being assigned in substitute positions first at Villa Argine but then at Cadelbosco di Sotto. In 1907, Nicola Bombacci was assigned the chair in Monticelli d'Ongina and it was a town in the Piacenza area.

In 1909, Nicola Bombacci has abandoned teaching to devote himself to politics and he became an active member in the trade union world in various areas or cities, operating between Crema, Piacenza and Cesena. In 1910, he was at the position of secretary of the socialist federation but also a journalist in the direction of the weekly Il Cuneo newspaper that seizing the opportunity to return to activity near Meldola in which his family still lives there.

In 1911, Nicola Bombacci just became a member of the Italian Socialist Party (1892-1994) and a member of the National Council of the General Confederation of Labour (CGdL) while in May of that same year Nicola Bombacci resigned from the Cesena federation to retire from political activity but in november he returned to politics as a secretary of the Chamber of Labor of Modena.

While in Modena during the World War One (1914-1918), Nicola Bombacci had his springboard becoming the undisputed leader of local socialism, so much so that Mussolini himself called him "The Kaiser of Modena" and before The Russian Revolution he was simultaneously secretary of the Chamber of Labor, secretary of the Provincial Socialist Federation of Modena and director of the socialist periodical Il Domani. In 1917 at July, Nicola Bombacci was appointed a member of the Directorate while also deputy secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and supporting Secretary Costantino Lazzari & Giacinto Menotti Serrati but they both were arrested in 1918. During the last year of the war, Nicola Bombacci was arrested for defeatism in January while tried on the loose until his subsequent arrest on 31st October 1918, but he was released on 20th November 1918 after World War One was over a few days ago.

In 1919, Nicola Bombacci has drafted with Serrati, Gennari & Salvadori the program of the maximalist fraction to win the XVI National Congress of the Italian Socialist Party in Bologna from the 5th to 8th October 1919 and elected secretary of the party in 11th Ocotber 1919 while in the first general elections of the post-war period on 16th November 1919, he one hundred thousand votes during the Red Biennium in Italy 1919-1920.

In January 1920, he presented a draft constitution of the Soviets in Italy in which obtained little consensus along with big criticisms that led a heated theoretical debate in the party press. On 25th February 1920, he left the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) to be replaced by Egidio Gennari while in April, he was the first Italian Socialist to meet Bolshevik representatives in Copenhagen and in the summer, he went to Soviet Russia also participating in the Second Congress of the Communist International.

On 21st January 1921, he helped Amadeo Bordiga & Antonio Gramsci to create the Italian Communist Party (1921-1991) and then later became a member of the Central Committee but before these things, he was the director of the periodical Il Comunista in the XVII Congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). He was re-elected deputy in the general elections of the spring of 1921, at the district of Trieste but not having his own current in the Italian Communist Party and found rather isolated from the Ordinovist Group of Gramsci and the Abstentionists of Bordiga also he was located in the right wing of the Italian Communist Party with Francesco Misiano who inclined to a rapprochement with the Maximalists along with opposing to the sectarian or ideologized party wanted by Bordiga.

Nicola Bombacci was soon ousted from the Communist governing centers beginning with the Central Committee of the Party and the controversy reached the Soviet upper echelons in November 1923, when the Executive Committee of the party decided to expel him without consulting the Communist International. Bombacci has become secretary of the Communist Parliamentary Group and then was accused of having referred of a possible union for the Bolshevik Revolution & the Fascist Revolution in a speech to the Chamber of Deputies on 30th November 1923 while simply on the recommendation of the Russian ambassador to Italy, Jordansky to propose an Italian-Russian economic treaty strongly desired by the Kremlin.

In January 1924, Nicola Bombacci finished his parliamentary term in the Chamber, and he was recalled to Moscow in which he represented the Italian delegation at Lenin's funeral. Bombacci returned to Italy in which he began working at the Russian Embassy in Rome, serving Soviet trade and diplomacy even Italy was a Fascist state since 1922. A year later in 1925 he founded a magazine called "L'Italo-Russa" and then an import-export company of the same name but both of which were short-lived. In 1927 he was expelled from the Italian Communist Party for political unworthiness by the Communist leaders while they are in exile.

Nicola Bombacci was living in Rome with his family after he have been kicked out by the Italian Communist Party and he continued his collaboration to the Soviet Embassy in which seems not to have lasted beyond 1930. Given the serious economic conditions along with the serious health conditions of his son named Wladimiro Bombacci, the Duce/Benito Mussolini granted him some cash grants for the care of his son and found him a job at the International Institute for Educational Cinematography of the League of Nations in Rome.

In 1933, Nicola Bombacci has approached to fascism more clearly and later then in the beginning of 1936, Benito Mussolini allowed him to found his own political magazine called La Verità and it came from the Soviet newspaper called Pravda. The political magazine was financed by the Ministry of Popular Culture with an initial circulation of 25,000 copies and aligned with the positions of the regime but in which apart some interruptions due to the opposition of intransigent Fascism of hierarchs such as Roberto Farinacci & Achille Starace lasted until July 1943, even other ex-socialists collaborated on the project such as Giovanni Gentile.

After the fall of the Fascist regime in the kingdom by the Allied soldiers on July 25th, 1943, and the Gran Sasso raid by Nazi Germany to free Benito Mussolini from prison to create the Italian Social Republic 1943-1945, Nicola Bombacci have decided to go to Salò in which he became an advisor to Mussolini. During the last months of World War Two 1939-1945 from September 1944 to March 1945, he did not stop supporting the cause of fascism as the only true revolution and the realization of the triumph of labour it gives conference to the workers to rally in the squares of the North of the peninsula.

Nicola Bombacci who is a former member of the Italian Communist Party decided to publish some pamphlets on the dangers of Bolshevism with the Stalinist degeneration of Communist principles and then he participated in the Congress of Verona on November 14th, 1943. He is credited with the project of socialization of certain companies and means of production that was propagated by Republican Fascism while it was approved by Council of Ministers of the Italian Social Republic in February 1944 but boycotted by industrialists along with German National Socialists and opposed by Anti-Fascist Communists with a worker strikes even it ended in farce when it came to voting for management boards in which the names of famous people such as Henry Ford or Greta Garbo were voted on. Bombacci was nicked named “the Red Pope” by the bourgeoisie and he told a crowd in Genoa in 1945 that Stalin will never make Socialism, but Mussolini will.

Nicola Bombacci who was 65 years old still remained at Benito Mussolini's side until the last moment in which he captured by Italian Partisans at Lake Como and he was in the same car as Mussolini who is dressed up like a German officer to escape into Nazi Germany. After Bombacci was captured by Italian Partisans his last words are "Long live Mussolini! Long live Socialism!" before he was executed by a firing squad at Dongo in 28th April 1945 and later he was moved to Piazzale Loreto as a hanging corpse next to a dead Benito Mussolini for public display.

Domenico Leccisi

Leccisism is based on the thoughts of Italian political figure Domenico Leccisi.

He was born in Molfetta, Italy on May 20th, 1920 but there is not much information about his childhood and he was a member of the National Fascist Party (PNF) 1921-1943 while also being a trade union leader. During World War Two 1939-1945, he served in Italian Cavalry Army/Arma Di Cavalleria on the Invasion Of France along with the Balkan Front and then he joined the Italian Social Republic as an exponent of Left-Wing Fascism. During the Italian Civil War 1943-1945, In this period he published numerous articles in support of the Fascist government including Benito Mussolini along with supporting of Socialization of the economy but has entered into controversy with Minister Angelo Tarchi of The Corporate Economy regarding the alleged implementation delays and in April 25th, 1945, he wrote a speech in a newspaper called "Repubblica Fascista" during its last issue.

On November 2nd, 1945, he founded the Democratic Fascist Party 1945-1946 with Mauro Rana & Antonio Parozzi at the Odeon cinema in Milan and the action of this political party is by letting the members along with the followers set fire to the posters along with the billboards of a Anti-Fascist Comedy film called "Rome, Open City" directed by Roberto Rossellini. In January 1946, Rana along with other members occupied a printing house in Corso Garibaldi forcing employees to print copies of a political newspaper called "Lotta Fascista" a clandestine sheet that had a certain diffusion in the city in which was mainly dealt with by Brunilde Tanzi who was then a victim of the Volante Rossa on January 17th, 1947, and in April 11th, 1946, Domenico Leccisi sent a letter to Minister Giuseppe Romitafor of the Interior & Ettore Troilo who is the last perfect in which proposing a political compromise that would throw a catwalk between Fascism & Anti-Fascism on condition that the release the fascists from imprisonment in San Vittore along with permission to celebrate a mass in suffrage of the fallen of the Italian Social Republic but if he would have reserved the right to start the struggle in the name of his martyrs.

In April 22th 1946, during the night Domenico Leccisi, Mauro Rana, and Antonio Parozzi went to the Musocco Cemetery where they dug up Benito Mussolini's corpse from his unmarked grave to be taken away with a wheelbarrow to a village in the high mountains known as Madesimo in which causes an enormous national resonance and Minister Giuseppe Romita commissioned the best investigators to the end this manhunt of the matter. On April 29th 1946, Rana was arrested by the police but then in May 7th 1946, Leccisi delivered the body of Mussolini to the Church of Sant'Angelo and May 17th 1946, sixteen members of the Democratic Fascist Party are arrested but then Leccisi managed to disappear in time. In May 30th 1946, at the Piazza Del Duomo in Milan, Leccisi forced some operators to write on the luminous signs to praise Mussolini along with the invitation to read "Lotta Fascista" and in July 22th 1946, three other members of the political party were arrested but later in July 31th 1946, Leccisi along with Antonio Perozzi who is also a member of the party was finally arrested after the Volante Rossa knows about his address. On August 12th 1946, the remains of Mussolini were recovered by the Italian government to be transported at the Capuchin convent of Cerro Maggiore near Legnano in which remained there until 1957 and the remains of corpse was moved to Predappio.

In December 9th 1946, during the last days of the Democratic Fascist Party after a year of existing Brunilde Tanzi who is a member of this political party managed to replace a record during advertising broadcasts with the Fascist anthem called Giovinezza on the entire Piazza Del Duomo and the remaining members disbanded the political party on December 27th 1946 for a unknown reason.

Domenico Leccisi who has been known as a young militant political figure in the circles of Italian Neo-Fascism joined the Italian Social Movement (MSI) 1946-1995 as a national deputy from 1953 to 1963, along with being part of the X Commission and he had continuous clashes with the majority currents of the party because of his support of Left-Wing Fascism. In 1958, Leccisi was with Giorgio Almirante & Palmiro Togliatti who is a Communist supported the so-called "Milazzo Operation" in Sicily at which made possible the alliance to the government of the Region between the MSI and the Italian Communist Party 1921-1991.

In 1963, the Italian Social Movement (MSI) declared Domenico Leccisi's membership lapsed while excluding him from the party along with the subsequent elections but he returned as municipal councilor in Milan and later he retired to his private life in which he declared himself against the transformation of the (MSI) into the National Alliance (AN) 1995-2009. Leccisi was also a Milan city councilor and wrote an autobiography book called "With Mussolini Before and After Piazzale Loreto".

In November 2nd 2008, Domenico Leccisi died at the age of 88 while being hospitalized at the Pio Albergo Trivulzio due to problems with his body.

Foundations and Beliefs

Tenets

(main principles and assumptions the ideology holds)

Anti-Ideology

Fascism was not a fixed ideology or philosophical system, but as an anti-ideology — a dynamic, pragmatic approach that unites thought and action without binding itself to rigid doctrines or abstract programs. Fascism rejects utopian theories and purely intellectual pursuits that remain detached from practical life. Instead, it values only those ideas immediately expressed in action, adapting its goals and methods fluidly to circumstances. This anti-intellectual stance is not a dismissal of culture but a repudiation of sterile theorizing disconnected from national and political realities.Fascism is a living principle, continuously unfolding through practice, defining itself not by pre-set formulas but by the constant alignment of action with its evolving core spirit. This also contributes of Fascism's rejection of the republic-monarchy dichotomy. It believes that the success of Fascism does not rely on the logic of the state it is made to exist in, but rather if the monarchy or republic can adopt the weight of Fascist spirit and policy onto it. This description of Fascism is being against ideology is traced back to Marx's belief in scientific socialism, but also Sansepolcrismo, in the following descriptor: On 23 March an 'anti-party' will be created, the Fighting Fascists, who will face against two dangers: the reaction of the right, and the destructiveness of the left.

National Collectivism

The ethical essence of the corporative state, as envisioned in Fascism, aligns closely with its broader understanding of the state as an absolute and transcendent entity. In this conception, the state is not a passive arbiter of relations between individuals, nor a neutral entity concerned only with material welfare. Rather, the state is an active, moral force that encompasses and directs the spiritual, cultural, and economic life of the nation. It is an "ethical" state in the sense that it embodies a collective consciousness, harmonizing the interests of both individuals and groups, guiding them toward a unified national purpose. Fascism rejects the liberal duality between the individual and the state, asserting that the state arises from the will of man, embodying his ideals in law. The individual and the state are already one, with the collective shaping its form. Unlike liberalism, which enforces conformity through repression and violence, Fascism seeks to end this tyranny by integrating individuals directly into the political apparatus through corporative structures. This conception of the state elevates it beyond mere governance, framing it as a moral and spiritual entity that educates citizens in civic virtues and embodies the national identity across time. The corporative system, therefore, is not merely a means of regulating economic relations but a crucial component of the state's broader role in fostering national unity, preserving cultural heritage, and guiding society toward its highest potential. In this vision, the state transcends individual lives, becoming a living embodiment of the nation’s past, present, and future, and the corporation is a tool through which the state’s ethical and spiritual objectives are realized.

Revolutionary Corporatism

Fascism begins its economic principles with a consideration similar to that of the Socialists. It does indeed believe there is a contradiction between labor and capital, but that private property also is a spiritually positive construction that should be preserved, and planned economies fail in terms of eventual resource availability. The solution as seen by Fascism is to put capital under the control of the corporative state, which manifests in a synthesis of syndical composition and Corporative function, that is distinguished and against the original Christian and reactionary versions of Corporatism, aswell as other adaptions of Corporatism.

Fascism's synthesis of syndicalism and corporatism represents a distinctive approach to organizing society, where labor relations and economic production are integrated into a unified, state-directed system. At the heart of this model lies the belief that the nation must transcend traditional class divisions by incorporating both workers and employers into a coordinated framework that serves the collective interest of the state. Rather than perpetuating antagonistic class struggle, Fascism seeks to harmonize the roles of labor and capital within a corporate structure where all social and economic functions are interconnected, regulated, and controlled by the state.

The system begins with syndicates, which are organized based on specific professions and industries, grouping workers and employers into representative bodies. These syndicates form the foundation of the corporative state, with higher-level federations and confederations that encompass broader sectors of the economy. Corporations, as the most advanced expression of this system, are the key institutional units through which these groups interact. By integrating both workers and employers within a single structure, corporations aim to ensure that the interests of both are aligned under the overarching authority of the state.

The ethics of Fascist economy ideology are an extension of those introduced in Sorelianism. This corporative structure rejects individualism and class-based conflict, promoting instead a sense of collective duty toward the nation’s well-being and advancement. Work is viewed not only as a personal obligation but as a vital contribution to the national organism. The system seeks to eliminate the divisions between labor and capital by fostering cooperation, guided by the principles of national unity and the common good. In this framework, the state plays a central role, regulating economic activity, maintaining social order, and ensuring that production serves the needs and objectives of the nation as a whole. Through this synthesis, Fascism aims to create a harmonious and productive society where economic and social relations are subordinated to the state’s vision of national strength and stability.

Fascism’s economic vision is rooted not in the racial or class hierarchies emphasized by National Socialism, but in the pursuit of national unity and the transcendence of class conflict. Drawing from post-utopian socialist analysis and Sorelian philosophy, Fascism interprets the economy as an organic extension of the nation, where economic activity must serve the collective moral and spiritual cohesion of the people. It opposes revolutionary class struggle, not out of defense for elites, but from the belief that such conflict fractures the unity and vitality of the nation. While Fascism was hostile toward socialist trade unions, this hostility arose from the fear that revolutionary sentiment would erode the national fabric, not from an inherent rejection of worker participation. In fact, many of the original and Republican Fascists envisions a future where workers progressively assume directive roles within the economy and workplace, harmonizing individual effort with the greater purpose of the state. Thus, Fascist economic theory stands as a synthesis of nationalism and corporatism, aimed at forging a cohesive, morally directed economic order where the productive forces are coordinated for the good of the whole, not merely the benefit of a particular class or race.

The Corporative Idea

The Fascist corporative system aims to transcend class struggle by replacing conflict with class-based negotiation, ensuring that all categories of workers and employers work together for the good of the nation. This system, while drawing on syndicalist principles, ultimately transforms them into a corporativist structure that ties economic functions directly to the State. Through this, Fascism seeks to integrate labor, production, and governance in a harmonious, top-down arrangement that aligns the nation's economic and political interests.

The corporative state, as envisioned in Fascist thought, is not merely an economic system but a political and moral order. It emphasizes the subordination of individual interests to the collective good of the nation, positioning the State as the supreme arbiter of social and economic relations. It advocates for a regulated economy where corporate entities, as State organs, mediate between labor and capital, ensuring national harmony and the expansion of the national power and well-being.

The corporative state was not only an economic model but also an ethical framework that aimed to replace liberal individualism and socialist class conflict with a system based on national solidarity. It promoted the idea that individuals' roles in society were moral duties, with economic activity seen as a service to the nation rather than a pursuit of personal gain. This vision emphasized hierarchy, duty, and collective responsibility, where personal ambition was subordinated to the greater national good.

Fascist corporatism also aimed to create an organic unity in society, where each sector had a defined place and function. The state's role was to enforce and protect this unity, ensuring that all sectors operated according to a common set of national interests. This framework was rooted in pre-modern ideas of social harmony, but it was modernized and centralized under state authority.

In ethical terms, corporatism sought to integrate the economy into a broader moral and political vision, rejecting the idea that economic life should be separate from national and moral considerations. It aimed to elevate work to a moral duty, with workers and employers participating in a collective, national effort.

Totalitarianism

One of the main features of fascism is totalitarianism. Fascism favors having a totalitarian dictator that has complete control over the country, subjecting all people who oppose the dictator to prison time or execution. In fact the word totalitarianism actually came from fascism and original fascist philosophers as well as fascist dictators were unironic supporters of totalitarianism. Its adoption of totalitarianism is not based on an opportunistic strife for power, but rather a core belief of fascist philosophy. The hegelian concept of "the geist" is viewed through a national perspective where the state, as embodied through the people, is the body and the "national essence" is the soul. Fascism believes the state is everything and there must be total unity of the state and must purge all who even destroy that unity.

Framework

(this section puts all the beliefs into a larger cohesive framework and makes them mix with eachother)

Misc

Women's Rights and Maternalism

The available evidence indicates that a significant number of early Italian feminists played a prominent role in the emergence of Fascism. Many of these feminists were actively involved in the activities of the squadristi, which were revolutionary shock groups. One notable example is Inés Donati, a young squadrista who joined the Italian Fasces of Combat, a group known for their violent clashes with communist militiamen. In 1921, Donati joined the Fascists for civil voluntary service and contributed to the propaganda efforts for Fascist candidates. She frequently faced attacks from anti-Fascist groups, demonstrating her remarkable fearlessness and resilience in the face of danger.

Donati, alongside a paramilitary group composed mostly of squadrismo members from Central Italy, successfully occupied the city of Rome during a large-scale Italian General Strike organized by anti-fascist forces. She actively participated in rescue operations and notably stood out as one of the few women who took part in the Fascist March on Rome. In 1923, she applied to join the paramilitary Blackshirts Voluntary Militia for National Security, which was formed that same year.

Mussolini said this about her:

"I have known of her fame for a long time and know that she is a fierce Italian, an indomitable fascist.” — Benito Mussolini quoted in Mussolini and fascist Italy by Martin Blinkhorn

In 1924, Inés Donati's health began to decline, and she tragically passed away at the age of 24 due to tuberculosis on November 3rd in Matelica. Her untimely death led to her being proclaimed a martyr by the Fascist party. In recognition of her significance, Donati's body was exhumed on March 23rd, 1933, and reburied at the Chapel of Heroes in the Verano cemetery in Rome. She became an emblem of youth and dedication. Furthermore, a health clinic in Matelica was dedicated to her in 1926. A bronze statue was also erected in her honor on October 17th, 1937. Sadly, during the partisan activities in 1944, the statue was removed.

In 1922, the International Feminist Congress took place in Rome, and it garnered the sponsorship of the National Fascist Party (PNF). Notably, Benito Mussolini himself attended the congress and delivered a speech endorsing the active political participation of women, thereby demonstrating a favorable stance toward women's involvement in politics.

Mussolini at the Feminist congress

On June 2nd, 1923, Benito Mussolini delivered a significant speech at the inaugural Women's Fascista Congress in Padua.

“Fascisti do not belong to the multitude of flops and sceptics who mean to belittle the social and political importance of women. What does the vote matter? You will have it! But even when women did not vote and did not wish to vote, in time past as in time present, women had always a preponderant influence in shaping the destinies of humanity. Thus the women of Fascism, who bravely wear the glorious “black shirt,” and gather around our standards, are destined to write a splendid page of history, to help, with self-sacrifice and deeds, Italian Fascism.” — Benito Mussolini, In Time Past As In Time Present, Woman Had Always a Preponderant Influence In Shaping The Destinies of Humanity

Fascism played a significant role in the formation of women-only groups known as the Women's Leagues. The first Women's League was established in Milan in 1919, and similar groups emerged shortly thereafter. The transformation of these feminist organizations into supporters of Fascism has been a topic that Italian historians have approached with caution. Prior to the rise of Fascism, women's issues were not a central focus of government policies. However, as early as 1919, the first Fascist manifesto of San Sepolcro, published in Il Popolo D'Italia, already pledged to grant women the right to vote. This promise attracted many feminists who subsequently aligned themselves with the Fascist movement.

Fascist manifesto of 1919

Once in power, Fascism swiftly fulfilled its promise of female emancipation by granting voting rights to women in 1925. Later that same year, the regime initiated the first reform of women's issues with the establishment of "The National Motherhood and Childhood Work." This organization aimed to provide support to mothers and children. In 1927, a campaign was launched to encourage increased birth rates. However, the comprehensive development of mass women's organizations had to be postponed until the early 1930s. Interestingly, one such organization that was promoted by the state was the "Association of Jewish Women of Italy."

To address women's desire for active participation and dedication to the national community, the regime embarked on a delicate balancing act between modernization and emancipation. After 1925, feminists redirected their efforts toward social volunteering and cultural activism, giving rise to a new nationwide feminine subculture. This new form of feminism came to be known as "healthy feminism" in contrast to what was perceived as "vain feminism." As a collective, feminists were generally enthusiastic about Fascism, with very few opposing it, mainly among conservative groups. However, these official women's groups have often been overlooked by historiography in favor of highlighting a narrative of anti-fascism, which portrays Fascism as inherently anti-woman due to its alleged adherence to traditionalism.

Fascism implemented a wide range of maternalistic policies, including the criminalization of abortion, protection and support for maternity, loans for married couples and newborns, career preferences for parents of large families, and the establishment of health and social assistance institutions for families and children.

This Fascist feminism is summarized by the Italian feminist Laura Casartelli:

“They were authentic for love of the homeland, a long humanitarianism and a lively social sentiment to spingere him to sympathize with the Fascist program of valorization of victory, of exaltation, of the national war." — Laura Casartelli quoted in Women and Fascism by Martin Blinkhorn

Valentine de Saint-Point, while not directly affiliated with Fascism, had associations with the Italian Futurist movement due to her involvement in European artistic movements. In 1912, she published the Manifesto of Futurist Women, which garnered significant attention and sparked discussions throughout Europe. Her feminist ideology, as outlined in the manifesto, focused on the liberation of female eroticism through the integration of masculine and feminine qualities into a unified entity. The impact of her writings was far-reaching, with translations widely circulated and women's roles becoming central to the debates within the Futurist movement. Over time, these ideas contributed to the idealization of women in Fascism, giving rise to the concept of Donna Fascista.

The concept of the ideal Fascist woman, known as Donna Fascista, was a unique and intriguing hybrid. She fulfilled her role within the family as a mother while simultaneously engaging in society and serving the interests of the Fascist State. This represented the essence of Fascist feminism. Unlike Liberal feminism, which aims to distance women from motherhood and promote their equal participation in traditionally male roles, Fascist feminism embraced and valued motherhood. It did not support abortion and did not view the family institution as an enemy. Therefore, it cannot be described as "liberating" from a Liberal perspective.

However, Fascist feminism did not gain prominence within the broader global feminist movement as it exists today. Its growth was hindered by the defeat of Fascism on the battlefield and by the stronger influence of Liberal feminism, which, along with the export of Marxist feminism, eventually paved the way for post-war gender feminism.

It is important to note that contemporary perspectives often view maternalist policies as unfavorable for women. However, Fascism held a contrasting belief, considering maternalism as a noble value to be revered and respected.

As for education it says this:

“Men and women are admitted to the competitions and qualification exams, with the exception of the competitions of classes IV, V limited to competitions for the technical institute VI and VII limited to the competitions for the classical high school and the scientific high school referred to in the attached table, which are reserved for men, and competitions and qualification exams for master gardener in teaching institutes, which are reserved for women.” — Article 11 of § 57.7.1 - R.D. December 9, 1926, n. 2480

The educational reform implemented during the Fascist era in Italy was highly unprecedented, particularly considering the country's deeply ingrained cultural conservatism. This period witnessed a notable emphasis on the significance of female sports, exemplified by the creation of women's youth organizations that operated alongside their male counterparts. Additionally, the establishment of the OMNI (Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia) in 1925 further underscored the regime's commitment to supporting mothers and children in need. The OMNI specifically prioritized assistance to single mothers and remained active for a remarkable 50 years until 1975.

In 1936, Italian athlete Ondina Valla made history by becoming the first female Italian to secure an Olympic gold medal at the Berlin Olympic Games. Valla, affectionately known as "Little Wave," achieved this remarkable feat in the 80m hurdles event, notably setting a world record of 11.6 seconds during her semi-final performance. Her exceptional achievements positioned her as a role model among Italian youth.

Additionally, during the war, a significant number of women joined the Female Auxiliary Service, dedicating themselves to various essential roles in support of the war effort. This further exemplified the active participation and contributions of women during this period.

Variants

Internal conflicts in ideology

(this section is for conflicts members of the ideology have often had with each other)

Factions in Ideology

(these are the general positions members in the ideology take i.e. some take a more conservative line)

Sub-Ideologies

Actual Idealism

(this section is for explaining the component ideologies)

Schools of Thought

Fascist Socialism

Fascist Socialism is an authoritarian and economically left fascist ideology which uses Socialism as its economic system rather than Corporatism. Fascist Socialism uses one of the following forms of socialism:

• State Socialism;
• Guild Socialism;
• A form of Syndicalism, either the regular one or National Syndicalism, or;
• Socialist Corporatism.

Progressive Fascism

Main article: Futurism & State Liberalism Progressive Fascism (also called Progressive Third Positionism, Revolutionary Fascism, and Futurist Fascism) is an ideology (usually third positionist) which combines stances from Authoritarian Progressivism and Fascism. The term refers to

1. Fascists who lean more towards the Anti-Traditionalist or Ultra-Modernist elements of the ideology (such as Secularism and Futurism).
2. Those who justify Fascism on Progressivist grounds (such as universalist ideas about an objectively desirable future).
3. Authoritarian Progressives who adopt aesthetic or organizational inspiration from fascist or third positionist ideologies while assigning the latter secondary importance.

Adherents view Authoritarianism or Totalitarianism as essential for dismantling outdated institutions and traditions deemed a hinderance to national greatness, believing they must face destruction by a top-down iconoclasm. drawing parallels with ideologies like Maoism and Jacobinism. Progressive Fascists thus see Palingenetic Ultranationalism as the creation of a forward-thinking society which is liberated from the constraints of the past. Progressive Fascists often want to rejuvenate or modernize traditions which make the nation stronger as well. Consequently, proponents of Progressive Fascism often advocate for Imperialism, Militarism, Futurism, and Corporatism.

Perhaps an example of this ideology is Marinetti's Futurist Political Party, which would later merge with and try to influence Mussolini's National Fascist Party; Pekerism and certain members of the Kuomintang were also instances of Progressive Fascism. The left-wing actual idealists of the National Fascist Party (PNF) also combined progressive ideals with corporate ultranationalism and imperialism (e.g., Italo Balbo, Mussolini's Minister of Corporations and Governor of Libya).

As a pejorative, "Progressive Fascism" is used as an insult by non-fascist right-wing ideologues to describe advocates of Social Liberalism or Progressivism who exhibit "fascistic" tendencies. Perhaps the best example is the Justin Trudeau administration, which has pushed for hate speech laws and gave a platform to a former member of the Waffen SS, and has also been accused of trampling on indigenous sovereignty, and cracking down on dissent (e.g., busting the trucker's convoy strike). In his book "Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning," Jonah Goldberg accuses Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt of exhibiting fascistic tendencies.

Futurist Fascism

Futurist Fascism, also known as Fascist Futurism, is an Ultra-Modernist and Authoritarian to Totalitarian political ideology that combines stances from Futurism and Fascism. It refers to Futurists who embraced or were aligned with Fascism, or to Fascists who explicitly emphasized and incorporated Futurist principles into their ideology, more so than other Fascist regimes.

Futurist Fascists draw heavily from the Futurist movement’s focus on speed, technology, and industry, believing that intense modernization, including aggressive urbanization, is essential for maximizing the nation’s strength. They advocate for the rejection of past traditions and customs that are seen as obstacles to realizing the full empowerment and strength of the nation. This often leads to progressive stances on social and technological matters, with an emphasis on creating a new future rather than pursuing equality or social justice.

Historically, Futurists who aligned with Fascism often supported traditional structures such as Patriarchy, viewing a society that celebrates masculinity as crucial for maintaining innovation, dynamism, and perpetual revolution. Futurist Fascists also seek to utilize avant-garde aesthetics in architecture, propaganda, and other cultural expressions as part of their revolutionary vision.

In many respects, Futurist Fascism shares similarities with Techno-Fascism. In the modern day, Techno-Fascism can be seen as a spiritual successor to Futurist Fascism, though it lacks the same artistic and philosophical foundations.

Fascist Neo-Jacobinism

Fascist Neo-Jacobinism, Neo-Jacobin Fascism, or Jacobin Fascism is culturally far-left and economically third positionist system based upon the ideals of the Jacobin Club and Robespierre's Reign of Terror, but within a fascist framework. It believes in a radical restructuring of society inspired by the French Revolution's ideals: Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. It believes a fascistic system is necessary to realize them. Equality is only realized through the corpus of the state; each individual is part of the greater body and therefore equal, despite the hierarchical nature of the state. Liberty is viewed, in true fascist fashion, as a result of collective liberation, with the added abolition of what is perceived as "oppressive social structures". As such, Neo-Jacobin Fascism often takes on a individualist interpretation of Totalitarianism, similar to Actual Idealism. Fraternity is where it puts most of its effort as its part of the national mythos.

Techno-Fascism

Techno-Fascism refers to a political and governance system that combines stances from Authoritarian Nationalism and Technocracy. It is characterized by a highly centralized, efficient, and authoritarian state is driven by technological expertise, while also using strong nationalist sentiment to maintain dominance. Techno-fascist governments emphasize technological development, state control, and top-down decision-making to ensure stability and national progress. Techno-fascism can use populism as a tool, but fundamentally the main concern is pragmatic results.

Advocates of techno-fascism associate technological growth, economic development, and global competitiveness with national strength, and thus should be aggressively pursued irrespective of populist sentiment. Techno-fascists also typically favor data-driven decision-making to exert control over society and the economy, as well as the utilization of advanced technology and algorithims. In other words, techno-fascism can be seen as a more elitist, less ideologically "rigid" variant of fascism.

Two examples of this ideology include Reform Bureaucratism and Neosocialism. Some scholars argue that contemporary China under the Communist Party of China is Techno-Fascist.

Pan-Fascism

Panfascismo in English known as pan-Fascism is a name given to version of fascism developed by Asvero Gravelli. Being a member of "second wave" of fascism, Gravelli saw the fascist regime as needing a renewal. This renewal of fascism was to be an international movement.

Goal of pan-fascist vision was an United Europe based on Roman Empire with Duce as Central figure. Opposed to Liberalism, communism and Democracy; pan-fascism sees Catholicism as root for future European state. Another trait of Gravelli's vision was its critical approach to Nazism - as it was seem as having pagan and protestant traits.

Post Fascism

Post-fascism is a label that identifies political parties and movements that transition from a fascist political ideology to a moderate and mainline form of conservatism, abandoning the totalitarian traits of fascism and taking part in constitutional politics.

Personal Tendencies

Austria

Main Article: Austrofascism Austrofascism was the ideology of the Fatherland Front, the party that ruled Austria from 1934 until Anchluss in 1938. Austrofascism is a corporatist, National Catholic and Austrian nationalist ideology. However, some historians have disputed it's fascist classification, rather describing it as merely authoritarian conservative.

Brazil

Main Article: Brazilian Integralism The AIB was a clerical-fascist party founded in 1932 by Plínio Salgado and based on Catholic, corporatist and municipalist ideals and generally rejecting racism in favor of a multiracial nationalist Brazil (although radical factions had anti-Semitic tendencies). Although some were republicans, others including Salgado were in favor of the restoration of the Brazilian empire, however they didn't cooperate much with the patrianovists, a far-right (but more reactionary than fascist) traditionalist monarchist party of the same period led by the black activist Arlindo Veiga dos Santos.

The historical integralists were destroyed by the Getúlio Vargas regime after attempting a coup, but in today's Brazil there are parties that attempt to revive Brazilian integralism.

Hungary

Szeged Idea (or Szeged Fascism) developed in 1919, among Hungarian anti-communists. Szegedism closely resembled Nazism - it stated Hungary was stabbed in back by "Judeo-Bolshevik" conspiracy, was strongly anti-Semitic, militarist, promoted Hungarian irredentism, economic third way and strong state.

MOVE and Turan Hunters

Probably first Hungarian organisation to adopt this set of ideas was Hungarian National Defence Association (MOVE). Acting mainly as paramilitary, MOVE was led by Gyula Gömbös. The group, commonly known as "Szegedists", self-identified as national socialists, opposed capitalism and called for more Christian economic model to be implemented.

After Miklós Horthy restored the Kingdom of Hungary, MOVE was generally loyal to him. Exception can be found in 1937, when it was forced underground due to (allegedly) planning a coup. Yet, Horthy still let it develop by absorbing all right-wing and Nazi paramilitaries. The organisation was banned in 1945.

Association of Turanian Hunters (shortened to just Turan Hunters) was paramilitary organisation founded in 1927. In 1944, it had approximately 43,000 members and armed itself to defend Hungary against German invasion. However, it was soon disarmed by Wehrmacht and officially disbanded by Andor Jaross - Minister of Interior in German-appointed government.

Ideologically, Turan Hunters organisation was anti-Semitic, anti-communist and supportive of Pan-Turanism. It viewed the Aryan race as inferior to Turanic one, thus causing its opposition to Nazism.

Gömbös as Prime Minister

Leader of both, MOVE and Turan Hunters, Gyula Gömbös became Prime Minister of Hungary in 1932. During his rule, he implemented corporatist policies and aligned the country with Italy and Austria. However, Gömbös recanted his earlier anti-Semitic views and both organisations created by him earlier distanced themselves from him. Thanks to his efforts, Mussolini's Italy officially supported Hungarian claims to pre-WWI lands and promised to aid Hungary if it goes to war against either Kingdom of Yugoslavia or Romania

Prime Minister Gömbös died in office in 1936.

Hungarism

Main article: Hungarism Hungarism is a ultranationalist, irredentist, and fascist ideology that was the ideology of the Arrow Cross Party, the party that ruled the Government of National Unity, a Nazi-backed puppet administration. Hungarism is strongly anti-captialist, anti-communist, and anti-socialist. Hungarism believes in a type of Anti-Semitism called Asemitism which claims that Jews do not belong in a European society and calls for their removal, but not killing. This differed it from other anti-Semitic movements in Europe at the time.

Latvia

Main article: Pērkonkrusts

Lithuania

Lithuanian Nationalist Union (LTS) was the ruling party of Lithuania from 1926 to Soviet annexation of the country. The party itself was not fascist one, but became sympathizing with Italian Fascism in 30s. In 1934, for example, LTS took part in Fascist International Congress, together with, among others, representatives of Falange, Iron Guard and Mouvement Franciste. Two years later, all opposition parties in Lithuania were banned and LTS became the sole legal party.

Iron Wolf

Established in 1927 as an answer to anti-LTS counter-coups, Iron Wolf was party's paramilitary. Led by Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras, it was officially a sports union. Iron Wolf launched propaganda campaigns and spied on political opponents of the government. It existed for only three years as in 1929 Voldemaras was removed as Prime Minister and organisation was dissolved one year later.

After that supporters of Voldemaras, referred to as "voldemarininkai", started to oppose the government and plan coups against the LTS. During the Soviet occupation, Voldemaras was arrested by Soviets and died in prison in 1940. During the German occupation, voldemarininkai decided to collaborate. They took part in Kaumas pogrom of 1941. The same year, they established their own party - Lithuanian Nationalists Party. Iron Wolf was re-established as paramilitary, similar to SS. The party, supported by Gestapo, took over Lithuanian administration. In December, Lithuanian Nationalists Party was dissolved by Germans.

Romania

Octavian Goga

In 1932, former member of populist People's Party, Octavian Goga created National Agrarian Party (PNA). At first party was national-conservative, monarchist and corporatist. Then, it started to move towards fascism. PNA had contacts in Nazi Germany and was seem there as an ally. In 1935, PNA merged with LANC to create National Christian Party (PNC). Newfound party had its paramilitary - Lăncieri (the Lancers). Two years later, PNC got 10% of votes and was chosen by King Carol II to form the government.

Goga's government imposed many anti-Semitic laws. In 1938's interview, for example, Prime Minister Goga said: "The Jewish problem is an old one here, and it is a Rumanian tragedy. Briefly, we have far too many Jews." At his request, Carol II dissolved the parliament. Then, PNC started to approach the Iron Guard. This move caused the King to dissolve Goga's government after only 45 days. Next, Carol II suspended constitution, cancelled the election and introduced royal dictatorship.

Legionarism

Main article: Legionarism Legionarism is a Romanian clerical fascist, ultranationalist, and revolutionary nationalist ideology. It was the ideology of the Iron Guard, a Romanian militant organization that existed from 1927 to 1941. Legionarism is strongly Anti-democratic, anti-Semitic, anti-capitalist, and anti-communist.

Spain

Spanish Military Union

Founded in 30s within the military circles, Spanish Military Union (UME) was secret pro-fascist organisation. Organisation's most significant members were Colonel Emilio Rodríguez Tarduchy and Juan Antonio Ansaldo. Tarduchy was an ally of Miguel Primo de Rivera, while Ansaldo was famous aviator and monarchist. Members of UME maintained contacts with Francisco Franco and were present among conspirators led by Emilio Mola.

Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista

Main Article: National Syndicalism Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (JONS) was party founded in 1931. The party was nationalist and syndicalist one. Both its leaders, Ramiro Ledesma Ramos and Onésimo Redondo, were fascists. In 1934 it merged with Falange Española.

Falange Española

Main Article: Falangism Falange Española was founded in 1933 by Julio Ruiz de Alda, Alfonso García Valdecasas and José Antonio Primo de Rivera. One year after foundation, the party merged with JONS.

Newfound party, called Falange de las JONS, was joined by many officers connected to UME, including Tarduchy. Ansaldo was organizer of party's paramilitaries - Falange de Sangre and Primera Línea.

Personality and Behaviour

(here goes the personality of the ideology)

How it acts

(how the ideology reacts to other ideologies generally)

Aesthetics

(the general aesthetics of the ideology)

Stylistic Notes

• Acts very masculine and-battle ready
• Is very nationalist. Always waves the Italian flag around and proclaims his love for the nation wherever he goes.
• Is quite violent
• Less cool than his friend

How to draw

Symbols

(symbols the ideology has)

Flags

Flag of Fascism

The flag of Fascism is just the flag of the National Fascist Party of Italy, a black flag with a fasces on it.

Props

Fascism often wears a black fez hat with a fasces logo attached on it.

Drawing

1. Draw a ball with eyes
2. Make it black/very dark gray
3. Draw a bunch of brown lines and another brown line underneath
4. Draw a grey axe head next to the lines
5. On the sticks draw a rope in a "Z" shape holding the bundle together
6. (Optional) Draw Mussolini's Fez
   1. Draw a black trapezoid with rounded edges
   2. On the fez draw a red blob
   3. On the blob draw a golden eagle standing on fasces
   4. On top of the fez put a red line

You're finished!

Color Name		HEX	RGB
	Dark Grey	#141414	rgb(20, 20, 20)
	Brown	#CBAB72	rgb(203, 171, 114)
	Light Grey	#C4C4C4	rgb(196, 196, 196)

Alternate Designs

(guides of the alternate designs)

Variation Designs

(guides of the variant designs)

Relationships

Camerati

• National Syndicalism - Trade unions are to be integrated into the corporations. I'm basically your Italian and Hegelian variant.
• Actualism - My glorious philosophy!
• Hegelianism - Gentile was an Old Hegelian.
• Organic Democracy - "The nationalist state was an aristocratic state, enforcing itself upon the masses through the power conferred upon by its origins. The fascist state, on the contrary, is a popular state, and as such, a democratic state par excellence."
• Totalitarianism - Because the individual is the state, an all-powerful state is the best way to represent the people.
• Machiavellianism - I prefer staying in power over doctrine.
• Caesarism - I'm the modern version of you.
• Autocracy - E per Benito Mussolini, eja eja alalà!
• Islamic Theocracy - I am the Protector of Islam insh'Allah.
  • You're not even Muslim, why did we even give you the title, and why did you accept?
    • It is good for my reputation
• Corporatism - My beloved economic model which is essentially the backbone of the state!
• Centralism - "The Fascist State, in order to penetrate and direct the consciousness of its citizens, wishes to organize them in national unity; a unity possessed of a soul. That unity would manifest itself as a unitary being, possessed of powerful will, and conscious of its own ends."''
• Ultranationalism - The nation is not a objective derum (fact of nature), but a wholly spiritual force that is actualized by the mind. The state is the political manifestation of the nation.
• Police Statism - Gotta love the OVRA!
• Populism - "The people is the body of the state and the state is the spirit of the people. In the fascist concept the people is the state and the state is the people."
• State Religion - The system that I would like to create for my country's religious policy is not secularism, which is debilitating and liberal in its nature, nor theocracy, which is reactionary.
• Feminism - I granted voting rights to women!
• Abolitionism - I abolished slavery in Ethiopia.
• Keynesian School - "Fascism entirely agrees with Mr. Maynard Keynes, despite the latter's prominent position as a Liberal. In fact, Mr. Keynes' excellent little book, The End of Laissez-Faire (1926) might, so far as it goes, serve as a useful introduction to fascist economics. There is scarcely anything to object to in it and there is much to applaud."
• Irredentism - We will retake Istria, Fiume, Dalmazia, Ticino, Malta, Tunisia, Corsica, Savoia and Nizza!
• Imperialism - The Horn of Africa will be Italian. And maybe Egypt to connect my East African holdings to my North African ones too...
• Futurism - I was directly inspired by you, and I really love your art! Although you may have dragged me back in 1919, I'm still glad to see many of you joining my movement.
• Mazzinianism - Fascism will complete the Risorgimento!
• Strapaese Movement - Very traditionalist and I'm opposed to provincialization, however, Fascism seeks to extend it's influence across the countryside and gain support among the rural folk as part of unification of the nation.
• Eco-Fascism - You're strange, but you're cool.
• Falangism - My good friend who adapted my doctrine well to the Spanish nation.
• Gandhian Socialism - Thanks for calling me the greatest statesman. I am proud to have played a part in the collapse of the British Empire.
• Bismarckism - "[...] The victorious one is Bismarck, who never knew where the religion of freedom was based and which prophets it used. It is symptomatic that a people of high civilization, like the German people, completely ignored, throughout the entire XIX century, the religion of freedom. [...] Germany achieved its national unity outside of liberalism, against liberalism, a doctrine that seems alien to the German soul, an essentially monarchical soul, while liberalism is the historical and logical antechamber of anarchy."
• Jews - A third of all Italian Jews were members of the Italian Fascist party, one of Mussolini's mistresses was Jewish, and I tried (and failed) to use Fascist Zionist Jews to increase my influence in British Palestine. I'm opposed to the Jewish religion, not their race. Sorry for making some laws targeting Jews in 1938, I REALLY needed the alliance with him.
• Showa Statism - Another Axis member, but stop killing Chinese and Koreans. They belong to important civilizations too, respect them. Anchovy my beloved
• Hindutva - Savarkar, Godse, the VHP, Abhinav Bharat, and the RSS are all great! Wait, you like me more than Reactionaryism, right?
• Liberal Socialism - I'm more liberal than Wilson and more socialist than Lenin.

Dubbiosi

• Socialism - "The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists."
• Marxism - My fellow Hegelian cousin, but one I have some disagreements with. Even if Mussolini self-identified as one of your followers, he abandoned you in favor of a class collaborationist system when he invented me, also we disagree on the extent of class struggle and the purpose of the state. Quite a few decent ideas, though.
• Blanquism - My newspaper had your motto “he who has iron has bread” inscribed on its banner. Don’t think I have forgotten the lessons you taught me. Reaction is a lost cause, and unions are the backbone of the fasci.
• Leninism - Thanks for your defense of me when I got kicked from the socialist party. But your modern followers are in denial of history.
• Italian Left Communism - Far-left commie who hates anyone to the right of him. Thanks for the light praise I guess.
• Monarcho-Fascism - My monarchist son from the good old days of the Kingdom of Italy. I don't like the King, though. I'll have to deal with you once I get enough influence to safely depose him.
• Catholic Theocracy - I'm not a theocrat and I think it's quite reactionary but Catholic Christianity is an integral part of Italian identity and at the same time I oppose secularism because of its debilitating and liberal nature, long live the Pope. Having said that, why did you condemn me?
• Racial Nationalism and White Nationalism - "Race! It is a feeling, not a reality; ninety-five percent, at least, is a feeling. Nothing can make me believe that biologically pure races currently exist." Don't bring up my racial laws, which I only created to ally myself with him. And ESPECIALLY don't bring up Mussolini's unapolagetic level of racism towards Slavs (though, that could be justified as him appealing to general Italian sentiment of being superior to conquered peoples).
• Nazism - I'm sceptical of this pure race stuff, and I initally tried to form the Stressa Front against you. But circumstance made us allies, so I don't hate you. What the hell do you mean that the state is only a means to an end?!
• Esoteric Fascism - Please take your meds. I'm not interested in Hyperborea or whatever it is called, I'm not even Nordic!
• Market Socialism - My economy was similar to yours, but only because I didn't want to enrage the still powerful capitalists. Your ideas are far easier to sell to capitalists than the full-on Marxism that Mussolini wanted.
  
• Ustašism - I aided your rise because I thought you were a useful tool to destabilize Yugoslavia. However, I grew concerned about your treatment of minorities. Anyhow, your psychotic treatment of the Serbs made you lose to Tito’s forces in the end.
• Alt-Right - Modern online supporters. Though I'm suspicious that you like him more than me. The Patriot Front is good, though.
• Monarchism & Republicanism - "If fascism is monarchist, it is no longer fascism; if fascism is republican, it is no longer fascism." Consequently, Fascism glides over the antithesis between monarchy and republic, on which democracy wasted time, blaming the former for all social shortcomings and exalting the latter as a regime of perfection. We have now seen that there are republics which may be profoundly absolutist and reactionary, and monarchies which welcome the most venturesome social and political experiments.
• Constitutional Monarchism - I always intended to oust the king from power. I only let him stay in charge because I didn't want a civil war.
• Francoism - You were going in a good direction at first. I backed you against the Republicans, but you eventually betrayed the Falangists and embraced liberal economics instead. Just why, Franco?
• Salazarism - You’re no better than him, you purged the national syndicalists in his country, and denounced me and called me a pagan!
• Austrofascism - You are not actually fascist, but I got your back in case he tries to invade. Nevermind on that actually.
• Homofascism - My degenerate gay supporter, we both want the best for our nations and people. But why are you so Misogynistic? Our nation's women can be just as contributing as our nation's men.
• Platformism - Bombacci liked Makhno, but I otherwise refuse to associate myself with anarchists.
• Clerical Fascism - Uhhh, I put the state above chruch matters.
• Anarcho-Fascism - This has to be a LARP. How can you have "everything within the state" without a state?
  • It's "Everything within the commune", father. Everything within the commune, nothing outside the commune, nothing against the commune.

• • I think you have a problem.

• Secularism - In my opinion, theocracy is reactionary, but secularism is also foolish because the country's religion and faith must be in politics, otherwise, the nation's motivation and resistance will be greatly reduced. A true fascist is neither theocratic nor secular.
• Anti-Fascism - 'Yes, yes, I mean it! Youth is beautiful! I love the youth even when they bear arms against me.' Mussolini was executed the next day by two partisans acting without the knowledge of their comrades. The partisan who shot him tried to fire with a machine gun, but it jammed. He drew his pistol, but it also jammed. He screamed at his comrade to give him his gun, to which he complied. Mussolini put both hands on his lapels and opened his jacket and said, "Shoot me in the chest." The partisan shot him, and collapsed against the wall, still alive. The partisan killed him with a second shot. The people's wrath, as we now know, was a fit of savagery brought out by their suffering in a losing war that many now admit was savagery. Those same people had chanted 'Duce, Duce, Duce!' when he stood on the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia only a few years prior.
• Social Liberalism - "You want to know what fascism is like? It is like your New Deal!" -Mr. New York: The Autobiography of Grover A. Whalen by Grover Aloysius Whalen, G.P. Putnam’s Sons (1955) p. 188. Mussolini explained Fascism to Whalen in 1939. Still don't like you, I'm just saying.

Nemici d'Italia

• Capitalism - A self-centered materialist ideology that puts the interests of individuals above the nation.
• Neo-Marxism - YOU REWROTE MY NARRATIVE TO MAKE ME CAPITALIST, YOU PIG!!!
• Marxism–Leninism - We used to be friendly during the times of the Italo-Soviet pact, but we drifted apart. Now, you just use me as a catch-all term for people you don't support! Also, stop spamming this Dimitrov's quote, I am the exact opposite of the dictatorship of finance capital! Mussolini called your leader an honourary Fascist once. Also: Mussolini spoke of Stalin as the greatest statesmen of their time (in terms of Stalin's genius political instincts).
• Social Democracy - Why does he call you me? You are a liberal too.
• Churchillism - Bombe e spezzon, bombe e spezzon, sulle funesta Albion!
• Kleptocracy - I wish I was successful in getting rid of you.
• Progressivism - You have no idea what true fascismo is...
• Anti-Authoritarianism - Our Blackshirts are going to force-feed you some castor oil - maybe then you'll come to your senses...
• Anarchism - Nothing but a baffled dictator in plain sight.
• Anarcho-Pacifism - Blood alone moves the wheel of history.
• Classical Liberalism - Obsolete and prone to degeneracy, you're the reason Italy was in such a deplorable state after WW1! But my treasurer was you. Not that it matters, I barely had an economy...
• Libertarianism - "Freedom is not the absence of authority, but the identification of the individual with the will of the state, the state is the true reality of the individual."
• Reactionaryism - "History does not travel backwards. The Fascist doctrine has not taken De Maistre as its prophet. Monarchical absolutism is of the past, and so is ecclesiolatry. Dead and done for are feudal privileges and the division of society into closed, uncommunicating castes." At least we can both appreciate our love for the Roman Empire and share a hatred of hippie garbage. Some your variants claim to be me despite being contradictory to the doctrine.
• Anarcho-Nihilism and Illegalism - Danger to a nation and people!
• Freemasonry - You know what? I take back what I said about him. YOU'RE THE WORST ENEMY NOT ONLY OF OUR CIVILIZATION, BUT OF THE ENTIRE WORLD!
• Supercapitalism - "At this stage, supercapitalism finds its inspiration and its justification in a utopia: the utopia of unlimited consumption. Supercapitalism's ideal is the standardization of the human race from the cradle to the grave. Supercapitalism wants all babies to be born exactly the same length so that the cradles can be standardized and all children persuaded to like the same toys. It wants all men to don the very same uniform, to read the same book, to have the same tastes in films, and to desire the same so-called labor-saving devices" Don’t care what tankies say you’re the true final, degenerated form of capitalism.
• Democracy - "After disposing of Socialism, Fascism opens a breach on the whole complex of the democratic ideologies, and repudiates them in their theoretic premises as well as in their practical application or instrumentation. Fascism denies that numbers, by the mere fact of being numbers, can direct human society; it denies that these numbers can govern by means of periodical consultations; it affirms also the fertilising, beneficient and unassailable inequality of men, who cannot be levelled through an extrinsic and mechanical process such as universal suffrage. Democracy is a regime without a king, but very often with many kings, far more exclusive, tyrannical and ruinous than a single king, even if he be a tyrant. This explains why Fascism which, for contingent reasons, had assumed a republican tendency before 1922, renounced it previous to the March on Rome, with the conviction that the political constitution of a State is not nowadays a supreme question; and that, if the examples of past and present monarchies and past and present republics are studied, the result is that neither monarchies nor republics are to be judged under the assumption of eternity, but that they merely represent forms in which the extrinsic political evolution takes shape as well as the history, the tradition and the psychology of a given country."
• Intellectualism - "By virtue of its repugnance for "intellectualism," Fascism prefers not to waste time constructing abstract theories about itself. But when we say that it is not a system or a doctrine we must not conclude that it is a blind praxis or a purely instinctive method. If by system or philosophy we mean a living thought, a principle of universal character daily revealing its inner fertility and significance, then Fascism is a perfect system, with a solidly established foundation and with a rigorous logic in its development; and all who feel the truth and the vitality of the principle work day by day for its development, now doing, now undoing, now going forward, now retracing their steps, according as the things they do prove to be in harmony with the principle or to deviate from it."
• State Oriental Orthodoxy - Mustard gas goes brrrr.....
• Metaxism - Your land still belongs to me!
• Titoism - FUCK YOU TITO, DALMATIA IS ITALIAN!
• Kemalism - You should have listened to Recep Peker. Also, you are anti-imperialist and opposed to my ambitions.
• Groyperism - Look, I know you like me, but we are NOT friends! You’re a reactionary who doesn’t know or even has what it takes to be an actual fascist. Also, is it true you are supposedly into femboys?!
• Kahanism & Bibism - WHY MUST PEOPLE SAY YOU ARE ME!?

Bibliography

Literature

Primary Literature

Gentile

• The Theory of Mind as Pure Act (1922)
• Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals (1925)
• The Philosophic Basis of Fascism (1928)
• The Doctrine of Fascism (1932)
• Genesis and Structure of Society (1946)
• The Philosophy of Art (1972)

Mussolini

• My Autobiography (1928)
• Four Speeches on the Corporate State (1935)
• The Corporate State (1936)
• Storia di un Anno (1944)
• The Fall of Mussolini (1946)

Other Fascist works

• The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat (The Fascist Manifesto) by Alceste de Ambris and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1919)
• The Fascist Movement in Italian Life by Luigi Villari (1923)
• What is Fascism and Why? by Tomaso Sillani (1931)
• The Italian Corporate State by Fausto Pitigliani (1933)
• The Philosophy of Fascism by Mario Palmieri (1936)

Other works

• Fascism by Roger Griffin
• Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism by A. James Gregor
• Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship by A. James Gregor
• Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought by A. James Gregor
• Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France by Zeev Sternhell
• The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution by Zeev Sternhell
• What Is Fascism? by Zoltanous
• Fascism Doesn’t Work Like That: A Review of Jason Stanley’s How Fascism Works By Peter Ludlow
• What Italy owes Mussolini by Mario Missiroli
• Benito Mussolini: The Birth of the New Democracy by Gertrude M. Godden

Periodicals

(here goes a list of publications and journals the ideology had)

News

(here goes a list of news about the movement)

Mainstream News

(here goes a list of news from the mainstream about the ideology)

Interviews

(here goes a list of interviews of people in the movement)

Quotes

"We Fascists conclude that we have the right to create our own ideology and to enforce it with all the energy of which we are capable."

Benito Mussolini

"The great social and constitutional reform that fascism is currently carrying out, establishing the syndicalist corporative regime as a substitute for the liberal State, is born from the very character of the fascist State. Fascism has accepted from syndicalism the idea of the educational and moral function of the union. But since it was a matter of overcoming the antithesis between the State and the union, efforts were made to harmoniously integrate the system of unions into corporations subject to the discipline of the State and thus express the organic character of the State."

Benito Mussolini

"Fascism, since that is the word that is used, fascism presents, wherever it manifests itself, characteristics which are varied to the extent that countries and national temperaments vary. It is essentially a defensive reaction of the organism, a manifestation of the desire to live, of the desire not to die, which at certain times seizes a whole people. So each people reacts in its own way, according to its conception of life. Our rising, here, has a Spanish meaning! What can it have in common with Hitlerism, which was, above all, a reaction against the state of things created by the defeat, and by the abdication and the despair that followed it?"

Francisco Franco

"Repression by brute force is always a confession of the inability to make use of the better weapons of the intellect — better because they alone give promise of final success. This is the fundamental error from which Fascism suffers and which will ultimately cause its downfall."

Ludwig von Mises

"Governments and Parties which have relied on the normal instruments of government...have fallen easy and ignoble victims to the forces of anarchy. If, therefore, such a situation arises in Britain, we shall prepare to meet the anarchy of Communism with the organised force of Fascism."

Oswald Mosley

"Fascism became an all-purpose term because one can eliminate from a fascist regime one or more features, and it will still be recognizable as fascist. Take away imperialism from fascism and you still have Franco and Salazar. Take away colonialism and you still have the Balkan fascism of the Ustashes. Add to the Italian fascism a radical anti-capitalism (which never much fascinated Mussolini) and you have Ezra Pound. Add a cult of Celtic mythology and the Grail mysticism (completely alien to official fascism) and you have one of the most respected fascist gurus, Julius Evola."

Umberto Eco

"Encompassing a variety of ultra-nationalist movements, fascism typically venerates devotion to the state and uniting the people under a strong leader."

Hearts of Iron IV

Further Reading

(here goes a list of further reading by peripheral movements)

Misc Texts

(texts that do not fit into any of these categories)

Further Information

(here would be a list of similar movements with pcb articles check out CyberFeminism as a good example

Blogs

• Biblioteca Fascista

Wikipedia

• Fascism
  • Italian fascism
• Neo-fascism
• Sansepolcrismo
• Fascist syndicalism
• Palingenetic Ultranationalism
• Fascist Italy
• Economy of Italy under fascism
  • National Council of Corporations
  • Chamber of Fasces and Corporations
  • Pact of the Vidoni Palace
  • Labour Charter of 1927
  • Quota 90
  • Battle for the Lira
  • Battle for Land
  • Battle for Grain
  • Battle for Births
  • National Afterwork Club
• Vital space
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War
• Italian Social Republic
  • Republican Fascist Party
• Italian Social Movement
• List of fascist movements

Online Communities

• /pol/

Videos

• The Three Forms Of Fascism by ShortFatOtaku
• Understanding Fascism by Monsieur Z
• F A S C I S M
• The Philosophy of Fascism by Keith Woods
• FASCISM DEFINED by TIKhistory
• Comparing the ideologies of Hitler, Mussolini and Mosley by TIKhistory
• FASCISM: An In-Depth Explanation by Ryan Chapman
• why Italy joined world war || and why it was a disaster by callmeezekiel

People

• Giovanni Gentile
• Benito Mussolini

Organizations

Political Parties

• National Fascist Party

Groups

• Fasci Italiani di Combattimento

TV Tropes

• Useful Notes - Fascism
• Useful Notes - Political Ideologies (section on fascism)
• Black Shirt
• Fascist, but Inefficient
• Mussolinism/Italian Fascism :
  • Useful Notes - Benito Mussolini
  • Useful Notes - Fascist Italy
• Fascist Socialism
  • Commie Nazis
• Third Positionism
  • Take a Third Option

Misc

(here go goes stuff that doesn't fit in any of the categories)

See also

(a list of links to more information)

Gallery

• 
  u/Eu_Sou_BR Source
• 
  u/Eu_Sou_BR Source
• 
  By u/Best-Being-5395. Fascism is near the bottom right corner, and in the portrait on the bottom left corner. Source
• 
  Credit: u/OzymandiasFR, Source

Portraits

• 
• 
• 
  Original image
• 
• 
• 
  Credit: QuisaMaps, Source
• 
  By bonepennies

Portraits of Variants

• 
  Third Positionism

Portraits of Alternate Designs

(here go portraits of the alternate designs of the ideology)

Compasses

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• 
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