Liberalism

This page covers the political concept of liberalism. For a page on liberalism from a philosophical perspective, see the Philosophyball Page

Liberalism (Lib) is a centrist ( generally center-libertarian leaning), economically liberal and usually culturally centrist to left-leaning ideology (although there are also some culturally right liberal ideologies like Conservative Liberalism and Reactionary Liberalism).

The elements generally regarded as necessary for the development of a liberal state can be described as follows:

• Governmental respect for individual liberty
• Ensured equality of opportunity under the law
• A free and open-market economy
• Constitutionally limited government power
• The separation of religious and state power

Other elements often found in liberal societies are:

• A multi-party system of democracy
• Openness towards free trade
• A tax-funded welfare state

Liberalism is regarded as being one of the dominant ideologies within Western nations. He is also dominant in some countries in Africa, though most African countries are social democratic, progressive, conservative, nationalist, and/or authoritarian. There is little liberal influence in Asia, except in Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and South Korea, as well as factions of the Chinese Opposition.

Etymology

(here go the names and aliases of the ideology in a bulleted list explaining their etymology)

History

Proto-Liberalism

Before the Enlightenment, classical thinkers such as Aristotle were considered proto-liberal for their support for private property in opposition to Plato's collectivism, which is instead considered by liberals such as Karl Popper to be the precursor of totalitarianism. Socrates has also been viewed as a proto-Liberal, due to his conception of an early kind of contract theory, his support for free speech, and his opposition to Athens' "tyranny of the majority".

The ancient Chinese writer Laozi, founder of Taoism, has often been described as a libertarian who like liberals favored minimal government. Puritans (especially John Milton) also influenced liberal values somewhat, with their advocacy of common men.

Proto-Liberalism had many states of its own. Beginning in 1505, the nobles (szlachta) of Poland began to establish their own political rights, like the right to rebel against an unjust government, the right to elect the king, a parliament, religious freedom, a bill of rights, a federal or confederal system, a constitutional monarchy, and others. This was called Golden Liberty, and served as a major inspiration for many Liberals and proto-Liberals (though it was criticised by Montesquieu for the horrendously harsh treatment of serfs). Later, the szlachta said they had established "republican Liberty" in Poland.

The second Proto-Liberal state was the Dutch Republic, established after the Eighty Years' War. In this new Republic there was a parliament, freedom of thought, growth of early capitalism, and an expansion of the arts and science. The Netherlands quickly became a global power, rivalling the absolutist empires. The main ideologist of the Dutch Republic's political model was Hugo Grotius, a humanist who came up with ideas of just war, natural law, international law, and natural rights.

A prominent proto-Liberal was Algernon Sidney, who wrote Discourses Concerning Government and came up with ideas of limited government, consent of the governed, the right to rebel against a corrupt government, and opposition to the divine right of kings.

17th and 18th Centuries

The Father of Liberalism was John Locke, an English philosopher, physician and slave trader. Locke was a close friend of Anthony Ashley Cooper, the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, slave trader, large landowner, and the founder of the Whigs. Locke came up with, and refined, many ideas that became the core of Liberal ideology: consent of the governed, natural rights, empiricism, and limited government. Both Locke and Shaftesbury had to flee from England due to political persecution, and Locke only returned after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the first Liberal revolution in history that overthrew the absolutist Catholic king, James II, establishing a constitutional monarchy, official consent of the governed in English law, religious freedom for Protestants, and the right to keep and bear arms.

After Sweden's defeat in the Great Northern War in 1719, the nobility established a parliamentary liberal democracy, beginning the Age of Freedom. During this period the nobility drew inspiration from the Whigs and translated the works of John Locke into Swedish. Sweden became a 2-party state, with the pro-French Hats competing against the pro-Russian Caps. During this time corruption increased, eventually leading to the 1772 coup, where Gustav III ended the Age of Freedom and reintroduced absolute monarchy. Whilst ending an early liberal state, Gustav was influenced by Montesquieu.

19th Century

See: Classical Liberalism, Radicalism, National Liberalism, Georgism

In the 19th century liberalism was strongly associated with the free market, laissez faire economics, opposition to absolutism and in some contexts with the national liberation struggle against the old imperialisms. This era also saw, in the wake of American and French ideals, the progressive collapse of despotic influence in Europe and the spread, especially after 1848, of republicanism or at least of somewhat constitutional forms of government even in very reticent countries such as Austria-Hungary and the newly formed German Empire, which however maintained, despite the liberal and popular influence on the national unification movement, a semi-absolutist, militaristic, aristocratic and illiberal tradition in the wake of Prussianism (however the only significative exception that will remain firmly reactionary and anti-liberal will be the Russian Empire). The English, Portuguese and Spanish monarchies liberalized a lot (not without violence in the second and third case), in Italy the Risorgimento itself was the result of moderate liberal ideas while France was forced to return to monarchism after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 but became a liberal monarchy with the July Revolution of 1830, then briefly democratic republic in 1848 immediately followed by the second (authoritarian) French empire of Napoleon III until defeat at Prussian hands and the establishment in 1870 of a third republic with liberal-conservative, radical and socialist elements. In the new world, the federalist conservatives lost their influence and dissolved at the beginning of the century, leaving the field open to the more liberal and agrarian Jeffersonian Democracy, which would then evolve into Jacksonian Democracy (which was opposed by the American Whigs who, unlike their British counterparts, were much more conservative and protectionist), popular especially among slave-owning Southern Democrats, rigidly linked to economic liberalism, decentralization, anti-elitism, white male suffrage and Strict constructionism but which was ousted from power in 1860 with the election of the moderate Republican Lincoln with his centralization programs. After the Civil War, the Bourbon Democrats strove to maintain the typical ideals of classical liberalism in the USA and above all the gold standard in opposition to bimetallism. As the century progressed, liberals, from their revolutionary and progressive origins, were moved further and further to the right of the political spectrum due to the emergence of socialism to its left, although conservatives remained further to the right. In the late 19th century a more left-wing and social justice-focused strain of liberalism emerged in the British Liberal Party leading to divisions in the party between classical liberals and those who would evolve into social liberals.

20th Century

See: Social Liberalism, Conservative Liberalism, Keynesian School, Chicago School, Austrian School

Just before the first world war, the developing countries, especially the United States along begins to develop from its one ideology, Woodrow Wilson, the president during that time uses Conservative Liberalism to justify the excuse the absence during the war where they can free trade until some country decide to attack. After the first world war, the popularity of Liberalism grew more with the rise of Franklin Roosevelt, introducing Social Liberalism. And in awake of the Second World War, the rise even grew upon to the resistance inside the occupied countries by the Axis powers. (here goes the general history of the ideology stuff that does not fit into the proto, origin, peak, downfall and modern section)

21st Century

See: Third Way, Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, Technoliberalism, Liberal Conservatism, Christian Democracy, Big Tent Liberalism, Civil Libertarianism

Since the downfall of the Soviet Union, Liberalism still going on strong to this very day. However, it has faced recent challengers, such as Chinese Neoconservatives, Right-Populists, Religious Fundamentalists, and Authoritarian Leaders (Both the Socialist, Capitalist, Progressive, and Conservative variants). Liberalism still, however, is the vastly dominant ideology across the west, and NATO, a relatively liberal organization, has continued growing.

Influenced

(which ideologies this ideology has influenced and how it influenced them)

Examples

IRL Examples

(irl examples of the actual ideology happening in real life)

Fictional Examples

(fictional examples of the ideology happening in fiction)

Comparisons

parallels to insert ideology

(similar ideologies to the ideology and the parallels it has)

parallels to insert movement

(similar movements to the ideology and the parallels it has)

Intellectuals

Main Intellectual

(this section talks about the most important intellectual to the movement)

Intellectual etc.

(this section talks about less important but still critical people, it is numbered and goes on for however long it needs to go on for)

Foundations and Beliefs

Tenets

Though liberalism is rather vaguely defined, and its definition alters depending on when and where the term is used, it is typically associated with values such as multiparty democracy, personal freedom, equality of opportunity, secularism, human progress, international co-operation, and open-market economics.

What separates Liberal Democracy from pure Classical Liberalism is its higher emphasis on social justice and equality in comparison to its predecessor. Liberal Democracy tends to support moderate means-tested welfare targeted at the poor to make sure that people can meet their basic needs. He, also with his dad, Classical Liberal, influences a lot of other liberal ideologies.

Framework

(this section puts all the beliefs into a larger cohesive framework and makes them mix with each other)

Misc

(random stuff that doesn't fit in any of those categories)

Variants

Factions in Ideology

(these are the general positions members in the ideology take i.e. some take a more conservative line)

Sub-Ideologies

Liberal Democracy

Flag of Liberal Democracy

Liberal Democracy is a combination of liberal political ideologies that operates under a representative democratic form of government. It is characterized by elections between multiple distinct political parties, the separation of powers into various different branches of government, the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society, a market economy with private property, the equal protection of human rights, civil liberties, and political freedoms for all people. This the most known and common type of democracy in the west, and is usually referred as just " Democracy" in the west.

Schools of Thought

Liberal Internationalism

Flag of Liberal Internationalism

Liberal Internationalism is a foreign policy doctrine that argues that international organizations should achieve multilateral agreements between states that uphold rules-based norms and promote liberal democracy through things like humanitarian aid or military intervention. It is defined by achieving global structures within international systems that are inclined towards promoting a liberal world order through things like global free trade, liberal economics, and liberal political systems. These international organizations would include institutions like NATO, EU, UN, and the IMF.

Secular Liberalism

Secular liberalism is a form of liberalism in which secularist principles and values, and sometimes non-religious ethics, are especially emphasised. It supports the separation of religion and state. Moreover, secular liberals are usually advocates of liberal democracy and the open society as models for organizing stable and peaceful societies.

Cultural Liberalism

Cultural Liberalism is a social philosophy that expresses the social dimension of liberalism and favors the freedom of individuals to choose to whether to conform to cultural norms. Although, commonly referred to as social liberalism in the context of the United States, doesn't imply an ideology per say, and just the general attitude that individuals should be free to decide their own decisions regardless of the political ideology.

This follows the harm principle, as cultural liberals believe that society shouldn't impose any specific code of behaviour on individuals, they defend the moral rights of nonconformists to express their own identity however they see fit as long as they do not harm anyone else.

Regional Tendencies

Regional Tendency 1

(this is for explaing different regional interpretations of the ideology)

Regional Tendency 2

(this is for explaing different regional interpretations of the ideology)

Regional Tendency etc

(goes on as long as it needs to)

Personality and Behaviour

Liberalism is often shown getting easily angered or "triggered" by others and is shown to not be the biggest fan of violence. He is sometimes schooled in debates.

However, he also has a wiser side that often acts philosophical. He advocates for the protection of individual liberty, equality of opportunity, limited government and the opening of markets, and supports freedom and equal rights for everyone, including women, LGBT+ people, and national and ethnic minorities.

How it acts

(how the ideology reacts to other ideologies generally)

Aesthetics

(the general aesthetics of the ideology)

Stylistic Notes

(generally small facts about the ideologies behaviour or looks)

How to draw

Symbols

(symbols the ideology has)

Flags

Flag of Liberalism

Liberalism's design is based on a flag designed by u/Aransentin on r/neoliberal. The golden circle represents the world with the bars representing the invisible hand of the free market reaching around.

Props

(props the ideology often has)

Drawing

1. Draw a ball with Eyes
2. Make it blue (preferably (#006aa7) shade of blue)
3. Draw a golden/yellow circle (#ffd700) and then make dents in it of the blue color. (Symbolizes the world being held by the invisible hand of the market)

You're done.

Color Name		HEX	RGB
	Blue	#006AA7	rgb(0, 106, 167)
	Gold	#FFE680	rgb(255, 230, 128)

Alternate Designs

(guides of the alternate designs)

Variation Designs

(guides of the variant designs)

Relationships

Enlightened

• Enlightenment Thought - Grandpa! Thanks for teaching us all so much!
• Classical Liberalism - Love you dad!
• Capitalism - Free markets and private property is the way!
• Social Liberalism and Keynesian School - My welfare-loving, progressive nephews. I helped teach them everything they know.
• Radicalism - I know you are basically just a SocLib who is no longer radical, but that's a good thing.
• Social Democracy - A bit to the left at times, but I'm still really glad you mostly prefer me over them.
• Liberal Conservatism and Rockefeller Republicanism - Tradition and freedom.
• Conservative Liberalism - Aren't you LibCon again? No? Oh well.
• Anti-Radicalism and Horseshoe Centrism - Both the far-right AND the far-left are extremist anti-liberal forсes with the end goal of oppressing people and violating human rights.
• Libertarianism - My son that takes freedom and liberty really seriously and tries to rejuvenate the old version of me.
• Austrian School, Paleolibertarianism and Hayekism - My laissez-faire loving relatives, the only ones who take up and fully apply the great classical theories.
• Chicago School, Neoliberalism and Monetarism - My children who seek to revive the great ideas of classical liberalism in the modern world.
• Arizona Liberalism - My peculiar relative...
• Liberal Feminism - 👏 More 👏 female 👏 liberals!
• Pink Liberalism - More... Queer liberals?
• Green Liberalism - The best form of environmentalism.
• Georgism, Social Georgism and Steiner-Vallentyne School - My forgotten relatives. A land tax is a great idea!
• Civic Nationalism - The best form of nationalism.
• Muscular Liberalism - My relative who wants everyone to get along a little better.
• Big Tent Liberalism - All liberals should work together! Except you two , somewhat.
• American Democratism - Probably the most recognizable liberal party in the modern day... For better or for worse.
• Civil Libertarianism - All people deserve to have their basic rights.
• Anti-Authoritarianism - A brave and noble freedom fighter. But why are you so skeptical about the state? ...I see. I assure you, a medium state built upon my principles will not tread on liberties.
• Liberaltarianism and Social Libertarianism - The best libertarians. Free markets and moderate social justice are the center of the democratic system.
• Technoliberalism and Piratism - Internet freedom is based! Technology will enable common people to speak out against authoritarian regimes! Wait, what do you mean the Arab Spring failed?
• Ordo-Liberalism - Economic freedom AND helping the needy are a perfect match! You are the reason why the FRG turned out to be so successful.
• Liberal Internationalism - Liberal international world order FTW! Long live the free-market world!
• Christian Democracy and Islamic Democracy - My religious children! Even though the latter often degenerates into authoritarian theocratic garbage like Erd*ganism.
• Neo-Enlightenment - I like a lot of what you say! Though I don't know why you proclaim yourself to be his successor - you two ARE pretty different, aren't you?
• American Model - My largest proponent in the modern day! Legalize weed already, dammit.
• Jeffersonian Democracy - My historical American adherent! Free your slaves already, dammit.
• Girondism and Jacobinism - My counterparts and ancestors from the good ol' French Revolution days. Along with my dad, you were some of the biggest contributors to my existence and prevalence, couldn't thank you enough! Though, the latter got a bit psychotic in his later years... HEY, stop fighting, you two!
• Venizelism - You did good work in Greece.
• European Federalism and Nordic Model - The European Project is one of my biggest achievements, just federalize and get rid of some bureaucracies and you’ll be perfect.
• Helvetic Model - See? This guy gets it.

Frenemies

• Progressivism - You and I have in the present and the past shared a passion for greater personal liberty of individuals, yet at the same time you need to be more accepting of things like freedom of speech, expression, and stay away from destructive ideas. (also I hate it when people confuse me with you *cough* *cough*).
• Conservatism - We overlap more than we like to admit. He also likes free-market capitalism but I can't stand his intolerance of minority groups, nor his appeal to tradition over individual autonomy.
• National Liberalism - A combination of liberalism and patriotism can be very productive indeed, but your views on immigration can push it past the point of rationality. And Navalny was ultrabased, too bad Putler murdered him. I hope his successors continue to fight for his cause.
• Reactionary Liberalism - I appreciate your support of free-market economics, but your social and cultural policies are definitively illiberal. In fact, I often seriously question whether you're a liberal at all! Hanania is very based tho.
• Liberal Socialism - I like your pragmatism aswell as your dedication to tolerance and moderation, but you're still too left-wing and too radical for me.
• Reformist Marxism - Many of these Marxists I actually quite like – and many of them reciprocate, too! That said, a lot of you are still opposed to me... Eh, still better than the other Marxists.
• Anti-Fascism - I'm an anti-fascist too, but many of you are far-left extremists and sympathizers of communist dictatorships.
• Neoconservatism, Neo-Libertarianism and Third Way - They spread my ideals worldwide, but I'm REALLY not a fan of you propping up bloody and illiberal dictators like them .
• Zionism - While Israel is one of, if not the most liberal and democratic country in its region, it have your own share of extremists to your end, and many of my followers dislike you for their own reasons. Also, try to be careful while you target Hamas and Hezbollah terrorists, because many people are saying you're committing a genocide against Palestinians and the Lebanese.
• Kemalism - I am grateful to Atatürk for getting Fethi Okyar to found the Liberal Republican Party, and he definitely was a good and progressive leader, but still too authoritarian regardless. Still much better than Erd*ğan, and also modern Kemalists support me.
• Japanese Liberal Democracy - Not the best example of my system, but I have to admit that you do make Japan a better place.
• Jacksonian Democracy - The expansion of suffrage was good, but for god's sake, could you not be a little more lenient regarding the Indians?
• Bull Moose Progressivism - You were an early supporter of social liberal polices, but could you please be less imperialist?
• Right-Wing Populism - Most of you are delusional at best, however Bernier with Tice are pretty tolerable.
• Alt-Lite - I really don't get you. You try to "epically own me" when you're against me, but then you also proclaim yourself to be me (???), and claim to be a defender of free speech when you argue with leftists. You give me weird vibes. And some of you like Bannon or Walsh are completely disgusting, however others such as Lindsey and Rubin are pretty good.
• Shapiroism - Why do they like to claim that you "destroy" us, when in reality, the "facts and logic" you speak of aren't actually on your side? You're just another queerphobic grifter demagogue; being anti-same sex marriage, for example, is illiberal. That aside, though, at least you do like my economic beliefs.
• Bojoism - Tbh, you confuse me a lot. Your economics are mixed and I don’t really like Brexit, but you do have some progressive social takes. I do prefer the Liberal Democrats over you, but I will still support you against C*rbyn.

Tyrants

• Counter-Enlightenment - Usually one of my main opponents. While some of you aren't that bad and I can work with them, most are generally awful. Thankfully, you are not nearly as prevalent as you used to be, and as time inevitably marches on, your influence diminishes more and more. In the modern world, my triumph over you is evident.
• Fascism - Control freak who wants total control over people's lives and society as a whole.
• Nazism - You're a genocidal fascist maniac who killed tens of millions of innocent people. Do I really need to explain anything here?
• Marxism–Leninism - A totally failed ideology that killed tens of millions. I especially hate him.
• Socialism - You put equality and fraternity above liberty. Your ideology has created many dictatorships.
• Totalitarianism - The textbook definition of tyranny, where dictators forever trample on our rights and civil liberties are eroded away.
• Reactionaryism - Why would you want to return to the literal Dark Ages?!
• Alt-Right - Please go take a shower.
• Anarchism - Without a state, there is no constitution, and without a constitution, there is no right to consolidation.
• Revolutionary Progressivism - Calm the hell down!! Your excessive violence and terror is why people accuse the Democrats of being extermists!
• National Conservatism - Free-trade and open borders benefit our country actually.
• Paleoconservatism - Stop mixing religion and politics, you reactionary bigot!
• Trumpism - Ugh, disgusting. You're trying to undermine me in the USA with your obnoxious right-wing populism, obvious racism and sexism, and insane and unreasonable protectionism.
• Project 2025 - Wait a minute, is that what I think It is?
• Putinism - Tyrannical crony dictator who invaded Ukraine and ruined millions of lives. Navalny was absolutely right when he said that your regime IS simply the rule of crooks and thieves!
• Rashism - Putin's dictatorship personified. Stop persecuting and oppressing pacifists in Russia!
• Fourth Theory - Completely unhinged and insane pseudo-intellectual and pseudo-philosopher, and unsurprisingly my biggest hater. Now, let's see, what is your proposed alternative to me?... Oh, it's literally just Nazbol. What a surprise (not). You're nothing more than an ignorant reactionary maneater chud who utterly lacks empathy, and thankfully, your garbage ideas are deeply unpopular, and will never succeed.
• Authoritarian Conservatism - One of the worser conservatives, stop trying to take away the rights of minority groups! Let people live how they want damnit!
• Authoritarian Capitalism - I don't care whether or not you support the free-market, you're still despotic and oppressive.
• Pinochetism - At the end of the day you were still an oppressive dictator. The Colonia Dignidad was especially nightmarish. Also, thanks to your tyranny communists get to use you as propaganda fodder. Although, I can't say I support Allende, either. And I also have to admit that I have mixed feelings about your constitution.
• Chiangism - Another right-wing tyrant. While Lei Chen, Tsiang Tingfu, and Hu Shih supported you against the communists, who in the end turned out to be SO much worse than you, that still doesn't change the fact that your white terror was horrific aswell.
• Maoism - Totalitarian genocidal communist caligula who starved and butchered tens of millions of his own people.
• Dengism - An improvement over Mao's chaotic legacy, but the Tiananmen Square Massacre was horrible. Quanguo is the worst of the CCP, because he is a nazbol who is conducting a genocide in Xinjiang.
• Showa Statism - You committed even worse atrocities than the literal Nazis, and human scientific experiments are utterly disgusting. You brought shame and darkness to Japan's past.
• Ilminism - You persecuted and even assassinated my followers when they rightfully criticized you!
• Juche - North Korea is probably the most widely infamous totalitarian communist dystopia.
• Theocracies - People should not be forced to practice a particular religion...
• State Atheism - ...And people should not be forced into atheism, either.
• Jihadism - Leave me and everybody else the fuck alone already, you fundamentalist terrorist scum!
• Kahanism - You're the reason people think Israel is an apartheid state, terrorist maniac!
• Khomeinism - Forcing everyone in your country to follow your ideas, and forcing women into a position of pretty much second-class citizens is completely deplorable. You're a totalitarian reactionary theocratic despot who, again, is infamous and odious.
• Pahlavism - I don't care that you're secular and progressive compared to the above. You ran a police state and repressed many people!
• Neo-Ottomanism - Your reactionary and dictatorial behaviors are completely unacceptable. Atatürk was far better than you. You even outlawed free speech recently, you petty authcon despot!
• Ba'athism - Repressive war criminal that used chemical weapons on his own people. You won't be missed.
• Hindutva - Reactionary fascist scum. I particularly hate Modi, because he actually managed to attain major political power, and is now steadily turning India into a dictatorship. The National Congress shall prevail!
• Carlism - WTF?! GAHHHH!
• Zhirinovskyism - YOU ARE NOT ME!!!
• Korwinism - Illiberal, hypocritical, and utterly repulsive demagogue.
• Illiberal Democracy - You're nothing like a democracy!
• National Bolshevism - Two of the worst ideologies combined. You're ODIOUSLY awful.
• National Communism - Same as above, but more moderate.
• Conservative Socialism - Combination of the worst features of conservatism and socialism and one of the main enemies of liberal democracy.
• Reactionary Socialism - Same as above, but even worse.
• State Liberalism - Fake liberal! Literal LINO! Your progress, diversity and environmentalism are nothing more than pink paint, and in truth, you're just another tyrant like them .
• Ingsoc - Evil incarnate, and the true end goal of the likes of them .

Bibliography

Literature

Proto-liberal writings

• Politics by Aristotle
• Discourses on Livy by Niccolò Machiavelli
• On the Freedom of the Will by Erasmus
• Discourse on Voluntary Servitude by Étienne de La Boétie | Audiobook
• The Freedom of the Seas by Hugo Grotius
• On the Law of War and Peace by Hugo Grotius
• Areopagitica by John Milton
• Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
• Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina of 1669 by John Locke and Anthony Ashley Cooper
• Theologico-Political Treatise by Baruch Spinoza

General liberal theory and history

• Two Treatises of Government by John Locke | Audiobook (second treatise)
• A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke
• The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
• Rights of Man by Thomas Paine
• A Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft | Audiobook
• On Liberty by John Stuart Mill | Audiobook
• Progress and Poverty by Henry George
• What is a nation? by Ernest Renan | Audio
• Two Concepts of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
• The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism by Paul Marshall and David Law
• Liberalism: The Life of an Idea by Edmund Fawcett
• Liberalism and Its Discontents by Francis Fukuyama
• Elite Human Capital Is Always Liberal by Richard Hanania

Right-liberal theory

• An Appeal from the New Whigs to the Old Whigs by Edmund Burke
• Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville | Audiobook
• The Bastiat Collection by Frédéric Bastiat
• Liberty or Equality: The Challenge of Our Time by Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn
• Nation, State, and Economy by Ludwig Von Mises
• Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition by Ludwig Von Mises
• Human Action by Ludwig Von Mises | Audiobook
• The Constitution of Liberty by Friedrich August von Hayek
• The Road to Serfdom by Friedrich August von Hayek
• Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman
• Basic Economics by Thomas Sowell | Audiobook

Left-liberal theory

• Of The Social Contract by Jean-Jacque Rousseau | Audiobook
• Emile, or On Education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• On socialism by John Stuart Mill
• Liberal Socialism by Carlo Rosselli
• The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes
• Keynes Against Capitalism: His Economic Case for Liberal Socialism by James Crotty
• A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
• An Essay on Rights by Hillel Steiner
• Left-Libertarianism as a Promising Form of Liberal Egalitarianism by Peter Vallentyne
• The Conscience of a Liberal by Paul Krugman

Critiques

• On the Jewish Question by Karl Marx | Audiobook
• Combat Liberalism by Mao Zedong | Audiobook
• Repressive Tolerance by Herbert Marcuse | Audiobook
• After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory by Alasdair MacIntyre | Audiobook
• America Against America by Wang Huning
• The Fourth Political Theory by Aleksandr Dugin
• The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy by Carl Schmitt
• Liberalism and the Limits of Justice by Michael Sandel
• Why Liberalism Failed by Patrick Deneen
• An Open Letter to Open-Minded Progressives by Curtis Yarvin
• Beyond Originalism by Adrian Vermeule
• Liberalism: A Critique of Its Basic Principles and Various Forms by S J Louis Cardinal Billot
• Against David French-ism by Sohrab Ahmari
  • What Sohrab Ahmari Gets Wrong by David French
• The Rise of Authoritarian Liberal Democracy by Peter Baofur

Periodicals

(here goes a list of publications and journals the ideology had)

News

(here goes a list of news about the movement)

Mainstream News

(here goes a list of news from the mainstream about the ideology)

Interviews

(here goes a list of interviews of people in the movement)

Quotes

"Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."

John Locke

Further Reading

(here goes a list of further reading by peripheral movements)

Misc Texts

(texts that do not fit into any of these categories)

Further Information

(here would be a list of similar movements with pcb articles check out CyberFeminism as a good example

Websites

• Liberal International

Wikipedia

• Liberalism
• Liberal Democracy
• Economic Liberalism
• Cultural liberalism

Organizations

Online Communities

(here go online communities of the movement)

Subreddits

(here goes subreddits of the movement)

Videos

• A Guide to American Liberalism by Ryan Chapman
• Libertarianism vs. Liberalism: What's the Difference? by CallMeEzekiel
• How Classical Liberalism became Libertarianism by Casual Historian
• Liberalism: where did it come from and are its days numbered? by The Economist
• Liberalism's Great Flaw by ShortFatOtaku
• The Leftward Drift by ShortFatOtaku
• The Folly of Liberal History by Kraut
• America could be a Utopia by BritMonkey

Channels

• Arken the Amerikan
• Bastiat
• Destiny
• Econoboi
• Free To Choose Network
• Liberal Sanity Project
• Ryan Chapman
• Johnny Harris
• Stardust
• Stephen Michael Davis
• Whatifalthist
• ShortFatOtaku
• BritMonkey
• Rose of Dawn
• The Economist
• Kraut

People

(here goes a list of people in the movement)

Organizations

Political Parties

(here go political parties of the movement)

Groups

(here go groups which are a part of the movement)

Misc

(here go goes stuff that doesn't fit in any of the categories)

See also

(a list of links to more information)

Gallery

Comics

• 
• 
  Credit: u/duy_physics, Source
• 
  u/TrixoftheTrade
• 
• 
  u/Kirbly11 Source
• 
• 
  By User:Muddy Mudkipz
• 
  'Meet the Liberals" by u/Summarizer2024
• 
  By Roxxagon

(here go comics of the ideology in a slideshow style check out CyberFeminism as a example)

Portraits

• 
  Staswalle's drawing
• 
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  By BeryAB

Portraits of Variants

(here go portraits of the variants of the ideology)

Portraits of Alternate Designs

(here go portraits of the alternate designs of the ideology)

Compasses

(here go compasses including the ideology check out CyberFeminism as a example)