World Federalism

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"There is no salvation for civilization, or even the human race, other than the creation of a world government"

Albert Einstein

World Federalism is an ideology and movement aiming to create a global federal government. A world federation would have authority on issues of global reach, while the power over local matters would reside in the members of such federation, the overall sovereignty over the world population would largely reside in the federal government. Although its supporters vary economically, ranging from socialists or social democrats to georgists or neoliberals, all World Federalists emphasize the importance and value of Humanism.

Ultimately, the goal of World Federalism is to combat and triumph over the various demons that have hung over the shoulders of humanity for so long. Namely, bringing about an end to poverty, war, climate change, and harmful tribalist mentalities. While these aspirations may seem grandiose or utopian, World Federalists assert that such thinking is counterproductive and is exactly why we have these problems in the first place. As of now, there is still no singular or cohesive theory to World Federalism. Some argue that the very notion of ethnicity or race should eventually be done away with while other, more moderate supporters, assert that solely the implementation of a global federal government is needed. As such, its base is a wide collection of idealists, humanists, economists, and humanitarians who are willing to band together and believe humanity's biggest problems require a big solution that can only be solved under a single federal state.

Variants

World Communism

World Communism, also known as global communism, is the ultimate form of communism in which the goal is a classless, moneyless, stateless society. This can manifest in either a global alliance between all nations of the world or a world government.

Marxist philosophers had observed at the turn of the century that because capitalism had begun to exhaust the low-hanging fruit of domestic exploitation, whether, on a national or a continental scale, it had become Imperialist and sought out the global exploitation of markets by colonization and subsequent wealth extraction, and workers by the rampant exploitation of labour. This drive for profit as the sole motivating force of the capitalist class compels class solidarity among the now international capitalist class of the world against any attempt to unify in solidarity by the now also international workers of the world, with the capitalist class' goal being to maintain profitability and thus their class' dominance as the engine and reason for the class conflict. Recognition by people of the pain of this exploitation by capitalists inexorably unites the world's proletariat and necessitates international cooperation to halt the suffering of humankind. This proletarian internationalism has as its aim the end of continuous subjugation via divide and rule by the comparatively few capitalists who seek to stop the development of class consciousness in their workers lest they, too, form trade unions to counter the capitalist's monopolies (thus the rallying cry of socialists, "Workers of the world, unite!"). In this view, after a transitional period of international socialism, the terminal stage of development of the (future) history of communism would likewise be replaced by world communism, defined by world peace.

Monarcho-World Federalism

Main article: Universal Monarchism

Monarcho-World Federalism is a variant of World Federalism where the head of the world government is a monarch, most likely an emperor. It is the oldest attempted form of World Federalism. See: the history sectionby world communism, defined by world peace.

World Confederalism

WIP

History and General Concepts

General History

World Federalism has evolved from more general proposals for a world government. Proposals for a world government can be found as far back as Ancient Greece, India, Persia and China, mostly tied to a mystical cosmology. Alexander the Great pursued the goal of conquering the entire known world and subjugating it under his rule. World governments in various forms later appeared in the works of Dante Alighieri, Immanuel Kant, Anacharsis Cloots and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, where it was explicitly proposed as a means of securing world peace. A world parliament as an integral part of a world republic was mentioned first by Pecqueur in 1842. The idea has been popularized by many prominent authors, such as Alfred Tennyson and H. G. Wells. The late 19th century has also seen the establishment of a number of international institutions, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Telegraphic Union, the Universal Postal Union and the Inter-Parliamentary Union with the goal of serving as "an international congress which should meet periodically to discuss international questions". in 1948, in the University if Chicago, several figures, including Robert Maynard Hutchins, Wilber G. Katz, and Elisabeth Mann Borgese, drafted a world constitution, with clear Humanism goals and values, a will for the formation of several Pan-National Federal states, and a commitment to a functional Constitution to be followed by a World Republic.

WWI-WW2

After the conclusion of the "war to end all wars" many began to speculate how future global conflicts could be prevented. This would ultimately lead to the first attempts to create a united world government, involving some of the first World Federalists. The most successful attempt after the war could be seen with the creation of the League of Nations on the 10th of January 1920. Although a notable achievement, the organisation would ultimately fail largely because it required practically unilateral agreement by every member state to make any decision. The rise of Ultranationalism across the globe following the great depression would eventually prove to be the final nail in the coffin for the League of Nations as it failed to stop the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan (among others). This "rise of nationalism and the growing threat of fascism in Europe caused a resurgence of the idea of a unified world. With the release of the book Union Now, Clarence Streit proposed a political union of democratic nations. The United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland were to form the seed for a democratic world republic. A world congress made up of a House of Representatives and a Senate should decide on matters related to defence, trade and currency". Following the Axis defeat and the conclusion of the Second World War, World Federalism would see an all-time high of support (perhaps the most support it has ever received) which would only be emboldened by the creation of the United Nations in 1945. Other intra-state organizations like the European Union and African Union would later be created, partially embodying the values established by World Federalism. The African Union is the only intra-state organization that officially lists the unification of all of its member states as one of its eventual goals. It should be noted that Africa and India are notable contributors to the World Federalist Movement, producing prominent supporters including, but not limited to Nelson Mandela, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mahatma Gandhi. This is in part a consequence of de-colonization and anti- imperialist movements in their respective regions.

Modern Day-Future

Although World Federalist movements exist today, the ideology is nowhere near as prevalent as it once was following the conclusions of WWI/WW2. Rising nationalist sentiment across practically every country worldwide along with increasing scepticism of globalism have dealt a serious blow to any possibility of getting remotely close to the creation of a global federal government. Furthermore, the questionable effectiveness and success of the United Nations have made many question whether any inter-state organizations are needed or necessary. However, the problems brought on by man-made climate change have potentially revitalized the movement, with many arguing that the only way the world's nations can handle this environmental disaster is by banding together and forming a united environmentalist front that can enforce policy in every nation. While the future may look bleak, World Federalism continues to move forward, hoping that perhaps one day, its time will finally come.

Principles

A Shared Human Identity

World Federalists have a shared sense of humanity that manifests through an attachment to a human identity that surpasses all other identities. Concepts like race, culture, religion, or ethnicity are less important to World Federalists than the common humanity found in all people.

Federalism

As established in its name, World Federalism wants divisions of power between federal and localised governments in a theoretical world state. This limits bureaucracy and gives sufficient autonomy to the wide variety of different peoples that would make up the political and social body of the world nation. In practice, this limits the authority of the central government and allows regional governments to create many of their laws and regulations depending on their unique needs and values. As such, this prevents an inefficient and bloated government.

Humanism

At the core of World Federalism are its humanist principles and philosophical origins. Regardless of an individual's ancestral origin, ethnicity, race, or gender, all people are humans and should be treated as such. This means World Federalists are "responsible for the promotion and development of individuals [and must uphold] the equal and inherent dignity of all human beings, [generally emphasizing] a concern for humans in relation to the world." This may also extend to the enforcement of a secular value (ie a strict separation of church and state) while maintaining one's right to practice or not practice whichever faith they choose. In the modern context, it can be argued that the protection and preservation of the environment is a humanist issue as it has enormous negative consequences on millions of humans' lives.

Unification of Humanity

The final, and perhaps the most defining characteristic of World Federalism is its goal to create a global government encompassing all people across the Earth. This goal must be achieved through peaceful means (ID EST no conquest) and has no solidified method. The most common suggestion is to reform the current United Nations by reforming or abolishing the Security Council and giving greater powers to the General Assembly.

Criticisms and Arguments Against World Federalism

Feasibility

Perhaps one of the most common arguments against World Federalism is its feasibility. Managing the entirety of the global population under one government is far easier said than done and is exceedingly complicated when considering the enormous diversity of religions, cultures, and ethnicities that exist across the world. Historically multi-ethnic countries and regions such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Yugoslavia, Post-Colonial Africa, Syria, Israel-Palestine, Iraq, etc. have demonstrated that managing a diverse nation can be incredibly difficult to accomplish. Furthermore, the sheer number of people (likely to plateau near 9 billion) could become an administrative nightmare. Ultimately, some argue that the peoples of Earth are far too different to cooperate and that we are better off completely independent from one another. However, a common response to this argument is that World Federalism is a long-term goal and most acknowledge that it cannot be reasonably implemented in our current time. Instead, individuals and states should aim to strengthen their bonds with each other and increase the power of international institutions, such as the UN, while advocating for principles associated with World Federalism and humanism. The fact that the ideology supports Federalism is also meant to account for this problem. By providing local communities with greater autonomy, they may be part of a greater human identity while maintaining their differences. Additionally, some might assert that a widespread pan-humanist movement will eventually form, which could lead to the creation of a global nation. In other words, World Federalists acknowledge the challenge of the times, but believe that the actions and behaviours of individuals will contribute to gradual change and eventual societal reform.

Globalisation and the degradation of culture

Another common argument is that a world government would inherently create a more homogenous humanity thereby overpowering smaller cultures and communities, eventually leading to the destruction of their way of life. While different World Federalists may have differing views on this topic, most will agree that this is not the intention or goal of World Federalism. Although the creation of a world government could lead to a more homogenous humanity, the federal structure of World Federalism is intended to allow different groups of people to keep their way of life alive by providing them with the authority to govern themselves at the local level. One might picture a more decentralized form of the United States federal state structure, for example. This, of course, is under the assumption that local communities and indigenous populations are given representation as promoted by World Federalists.

Effectiveness of the United Nations

Arguments against World Federalism often cite the effectiveness, or perhaps more appropriately, the ineffectiveness of the United Nations and its predecessor, the League of Nations. In other words, the fact that the United Nations has been unable to live up to many of its values and goals is evidence that a global government of any capacity is impossible. While it is true that the UN has failed in many respects ( Rwandan Genocide, Libyan, and Syrian Civil Wars, etc.), it is important to note the very real accomplishments the UN has achieved in its short history. One of, if not the most notable of which is the absence of a major global conflict and/or nuclear war, largely thanks to the efforts of the UN Security Council. While there are still conflicts across the globe that have killed millions, the absence of a global conflict is notable. Although some might credit nuclear deterrence as the main reason for this absence, one could point to the numerous instances in which nuclear war was only narrowly avoided thanks to diplomatic efforts across multiple nation-states. Furthermore, perhaps one of the most understated achievements of the United Nations was its contributions to the eradication of smallpox and its continued effort to fight diseases across the globe. This development in human history is a direct byproduct of the United Nations and has undoubtedly saved millions of people. This, of course, does not erase the aforementioned failures of the UN, but highlights many criticisms that World Federalists themselves have about the organization. Specifically, the UN is largely unable to live up to its principles and standards. One argument sometimes made by WFs is support for Security Council reform. This take is portrayed well by the organization: Uniting for Consensus, which argues that the number of non-permanent SC members should be increased to better represent the interests of non-western nations along with limiting the powers of the veto for permanent SC members. Proponents of this idea usually advocate for greater powers to the general assembly as well. The main takeaway, is ultimately that World Federalists are often just as critical of the UN as others are. However, they provide solutions to the problem instead of suggesting that the UN is a lost cause. This has become particularly true due to climate change since it is seemingly impossible to implement effective climate policy without the use of a global polity.

Personality

World Federalism is a compassionate and enthusiastic ideology that constantly encourages others to cooperate with one another. He is generally very friendly to other ideologies as long as they are not nationalists. He is also rather articulate and intelligent for an ideology, often having extensive knowledge of history, geography, and even physics. This is likely due to the fact that his supporters are amongst the ranks of Albert Einstein, H.G. Wells, Martin Luther King Jr., Sylvia Plath, Ashley Montagu, and Kurt Vonnegut. While this is generally a positive thing, it can often result in World Federalism being perceived as elitist and pretentious further backed by the ideology heavily being linked with technocratic politics.

Behavior and Interests

World Federalism is energetic and passionate and often goes into long rants about the dangers of tribalism and why he can solve all the world's problems. He is also very optimistic and can stay positive even in some of the direst situations. When not interacting with other ideologies World Federalism will likely either be reading, studying physics, or participating in community service and/or humanitarian work.

How to Draw

Flag of World Federalism

The World Federalism design is based on the Earth flag proposed by Oskar Pernefeldt in 2015 (Dark Blue Background with the flower of life in the centre) The seven intersected rings represent the 7 continents and the interconnected histories of their people. The blue background represents the oceans that make up 70% of Earth's surface.

1. Draw a ball
2. Fill the ball with #0030ad
3. Draw seven white intersecting rings in the centre
4. Add the eyes and you're done!

Relations

World Co-Rulers

• Federalism - An excellent concept that works perfectly for my vision of a unified humanity.
• Globalism - Bringing people closer together, one day at a time.
• Multiculturalism - Our differences are beautiful once you are able to understand the story behind them. We are all one race, but that does not mean we are all the same!
• Cosmopolitanism - Absolutely incredible, focusing on what unites us is more important than emphasizing what divides us.
• Welfarism - We need a global welfare state to help the unfortunate around us.
• Democratic Socialism - Many of my most famous supporters were proponents of you.
• Liberal Socialism - And you too!
• Gandhian Socialism - Gandhi was based.
• Social Liberalism - And many of my modern-day supporters support you. And Harris Wofford was so based for founding the Student Federalists.
• Georgism - Your ideas are surprisingly compatible with mine. The land of the world belongs to all people and those that claim it for themselves do so at the cost of others.
• Environmentalism - Defending our environment and countering climate change are perhaps the most pertinent issues of our time. Only by uniting, we can mitigate and adapt. But you say that I am too anthropocentric and pay little attention to other species.
• Scientocracy, Technoliberalism & Technocracy - We have similar interests and I particularly like your dedication to science, knowledge, and education. CERN is a great example of international scientific collaboration, they literally created the internet.
• Bull Moose Progressivism - I like Teddy, he also agrees with me on trusts (see below).
• Humanism - We have a duty to protect humans, wherever or whoever they may be!

Temporary Partners

• Anationalism - While we both agree on a united world, I don't think anarchism is the best way to achieve that. I could use Esperanto as a way to unite the human race, but I prefer English, as it is already the lingua franca of the world and the majority of our modern-day knowledge is written or has been translated into this language, despite the dark history of English's spread.
• Camusism - Another anarchist who, surprisingly, advocated for both me and the EU. Again, I don't like anarchism at all, but thank you for the support, I guess.
• Pan-Nationalism - Although you are technically a nationalist, unifying and (mostly) making peace with your neighbours is an admirable goal and would be a good step towards world integration. I am, in essence, a pan-humanist or pan-earthist. But there were instances when you were bloodier than regular nationalism.
• European Federalism - Just a more specific variant of pan-nationalism that is explicitly federalist, which is better I guess, though I do like how many of your proponents have me in mind in the long term.
• Neoliberalism - I like the fact that you have lifted many out of poverty and support open borders and multiculturalism, but your trickle-down and welfare cuts have led to growing inequality.
• Trotskyism - You are an advocate for equality and a united world which are both excellent, however, your support for violent revolution is... concerning, to say the least.
• Neoconservatism - Same as above, but capitalist.
• Neo-Libertarianism - Same as above, but right-libertarian.
• State Liberalism - Yeah, we both hate xenophobic nationalists and desire a united Earth, but could you like, calm down just a little, please? Also, a unitary world government doesn't really sound feasible.
• Fordism - Aren't you just statlib on soma?
• Interculturalism - It really depends. If you have people like me in mind then I'd argue you might be even better than standard multiculturalism. If you have people like them in mind, then I'm not a fan.
• Alter-Globalism - You want to unite the world while protecting the people, wonderful! Still doesn't like my idea of a single world government but I try to get along with him nonetheless whether he likes it or not. Also, please stop liking him so much.
• Universal Monarchism - This would be acceptable if it is a constitutional or ceremonial monarchy. Obviously, an absolute monarchy would be unitary and I am a federalist. I wish I was the Emperor of Mankind (pre-Horus Heresy).
• Kitaism - Same as above, but socialist.
• Confederalism - You are too decentralized, but you may be used for a gradual transition. HRE and CSA are horrible. The former is too close to Patchwork and the latter is both racist and separatist.
• Feminism - It depends on whether you want to have women at the same status as men or have them higher than men. I support women having equal rights as men but many of your followers make it something like this.
• Manosphere - Same as above, but male.
• Imperialism - While I do admire your efforts for unifying the globe against the wills of those who didn't want to submit, your violent methods failed and you did not achieve world unification, no matter what empire I talk about. Also, many of you are straight-up racial or ethnic supremacists. Space colonization is good though.
• Wilsonianism - A US president who supports me! Too bad you're racist.
• Indigenism - You're a victim of particularism, and I feel sorry for you. But under no circumstances can separatism be allowed!
• Ultraglobalism - THIS IS LITERALLY WHAT EVERYONE THINKS I AM! IM NOT HIM OKAY? IM FEDERAL NOT UNITARY! GET IT RIGHT!!!

Tribalists and Racists

• Nationalists - The suffering you have caused through causing human infighting will never be forgiven!
  • Patriotism - Not as bad as regular nationalism, but still pretty annoying. You should see other people as fellow world citizens.
  • Civic Nationalism - Nationalism and my ideals are like water and oil, and no amount of "multicultural civic pride" is going to change that.
  • Left-Wing Nationalism - A nationalist is still a nationalist no matter if they're left or right. And for the love of god wanting to unite humanity does not make me some sort of evil neo-colonialist or anything.
  • National Conservatism - An overwhelmingly annoying nationalist and rightist.
  • Religious Nationalism - Being religious does not justify supporting tribalism.
  • Eco-Nationalism - If you want to clean up, you need global cooperation.
  • Welfare Chauvinism - Stop hoarding welfare money and give it to other races.
  • Revolutionary Nationalism - Haha, cucked revolutionary! You will be assimilated. Your biological and technological distinctiveness will be added to our own.
  • Racial Nationalism & Ethnonationalism - There is no race, only the human species.
    • White Nationalism - Has humanity not suffered enough due to your glorification of this race? Woodrow Wilson was kinda cool though.
    • Black Nationalism - Sorry, but Nationalism, especially of the racial kind, is disgusting no matter what "progressive" cause you pretend to fight for. You simply can't claim to hate Racism while inciting racial hatred and thinking that uniting with people of other races is bad. The United States of Africa would be a good step in the right direction though.
  • Ultranationalism - Easily the worst nationalist by a long shot. I wish I could issue a Buster Call or an Exterminatus on your nation-state.
  • Ethnocracy - No ethnicity is superior.
• Isolationism - Why are you so distrustful of outsiders? You only further divide the various people of the world. We got your little cottage in the woods surrounded!
• Nazism - You're pretty much the ultimate warning for what extreme nationalism (including pan-) leads to.
• Showa Statism - Another manic pan-nationalist.
• Anarchism - While a few of my more left-leaning supporters may not outright hate you, the fact is that I don't care if you say that ' Anarchism' and 'Anarchy' somehow aren't the same thing. Believe it or not, we can have a borderless society without your gullible idea of getting rid of the state.
• Tribalism - We need a united world state, not isolated tribes.
• National Primitivism and Odalism - Fascist tribalism? Not on my watch.
• Alt-Right and Alt-Lite - Edgy contrarians who hate multiculturalism and open borders.
• Right-Wing Populism - Delusional conspiracy theorist who thinks that I'm the Illuminati.
• Paleoconservatism - Isolationist boomer who thinks I'm the Antichrist. What's so bad about corn syrup anyway?
• Paleolibertarianism - Same as above but LibRight.
• National Liberalism - The worst kind of liberalism.
• National Libertarianism - Another libertarian who hates immigrants, multiculturalism, and internationalist entities.
• Fascism - Hyper-nationalism, militarism, and incredibly violent... overall terrible. What do you mean, you want World Peace? Also, what is this I hear about your tendency to condemn racism??
• Voluntary Human Extinction - I... Why? Humanity has made mistakes, but to suggest that we must exterminate ourselves is idiotic. Killing humans would only give way to the evolution of other intelligent beings, starting the cycle over again. In life, there is purpose and meaning.
• Post-Humanism and Primalism - You know you can advance technology and protect the environment, respectively, without being misanthropic?
• Stratocracy - War... need I say more? But we need stronger Peacekeepers to protect our planet from tribalists.
• Posadism - UFO cultist scum who thinks that nuking humans will be a good thing. Fear The Alien. Hate The Alien. Kill The Alien!
• Bio-Posadism - Another Nurgle UFO cultist who wants to infect humans. Global cooperation will help humanity prevent, treat, cure, and contain diseases like you.
• Illuminatism - Unlike you shadowy coward, I want to rule the world in the open. Why hide in the first place and keep the façade of nation-states anyway?
• Patriarchy - Giving women full equality not only gives them what they deserve as humans but also has enormous benefits on the economy and overall well-being of the world. Shame on you.
• Caste System - You do absolutely nothing but prevent social mobility, lower the quality of life, and prevent progress. My fictional variant likes you though.
• Climate Skepticism - Protecting the environment protects humanity, so stop denying science and trying to prevent us from moving forward.
• Separatism - You continue to delay my eventual creation from nations getting bigger and unifying and are a product of nationalism.
• Irredentism - Another product of nationalism, this time even more childish and violent.
• Jingoism - OK, maybe I talked too fast...
• Patchwork - [Comment removed by moderator, banned for 24 hours]
• Autarchy - [Comment removed by moderator, banned permanently]
• Social Darwinism - Your pseudoscientific beliefs are outdated and lead to disastrous consequences...
• Avaritionism - ...Like him.
• Centralism - You're simply far too centralized. Federalism is the only way a unified humanity could function.
• Corporatocracy - Under the current system of global governance, large multi-national corporations avoid taxes and regulations, damage the environment, and cause global wealth inequality. Also, the influence that military contractors have over governments is one of the main reasons behind many recent wars.
• National Capitalism - Nazi monopolism is even worse, but more green.

Further Information

Wikipedia

• World Federalism
• World Federalist Movement
• World Constitution
• World Government

Video

• What is world federalism?

Online Communities

• r/GlobalTribe

Literature

• Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race by Ashley Montagu
• The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy by Daniele Archibugi
• The Politics of World Federation: From World Federalism to Global Governance by Joseph Baratta
• Bummel, Andreas and Leinen, Jo. "A World Parliament: Governance and Democracy in the 21st Century", (Democracy Without Borders, 2018).
• Cabrera, Luis. Political Theory of Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Case for the World State (London: Routledge, 2004;2006).
• Glossop, Ronald J. "World Federation? A critical analysis of world government", (McFarland & Company, Inc., 1993).
• Hamer, Christopher. UNW.edu.au, Global Parliament - Principles of World Federation (Oyster Bay, NSW: Oyster Bay Books, 1998).
• Kant, Immanuel. "To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch", (Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2003).
• Lothian, Philip Henry Kerr. "Pacifism is Not Enough, Nor Patriotism Either", (Clarendon Press, 1935).
• Lykov Andrey Yurievich. World state as the future of the international community (Moscow: Prospekt, 2013).
• Mazower, Mark. "Governing the World: The History of an Idea, 1815 to the Present", (Penguin Books, 2013).
• McClintock, John. The Uniting of Nations: An Essay on Global Governance (3rd ed. revised and updated, P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2010)
• Global Democracy: For and Against. Ethical Theory, Institutional Design and Social Struggles by Raffaele Marchetti
• Privat, Edmond. "Federala Sperto", (Universala Ligo, 1958).
• Reves, Emery The Anatomy of Peace Harper and Brothers, 1945
• Strauss, Andrew. Oneworldtrust.org, Taking Democracy Global: Assessing the Benefits and Challenges of a Global Parliamentary Assembly. (London: One World Trust, 2005).
• Stark, Jim. Rescue Plan for Planet Earth: Democratic World Government through a Global Referendum (Toronto: Key Publishing House Inc., 2008)
• Wells, Henry George. "The Outline of History", (George Newnes, 1920).
• Wendt, Alexander. "Why a World State is Inevitable," European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 9, No. 4 (2003), pp. 491–542
• Yunker, James A. Political Globalization: A New Vision of Federal World Government (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007)
• Maritain, Jacques. Man and the State (1951)
• Preliminary Draft of a World Constitution (1948)

Gallery

Portraits

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  Eco-Globalism

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