Marxism: Difference between revisions

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On top of that, he believes that how capitalists extract surplus value from the labour of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.

Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when refering to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A ~~drawing~~ by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]

Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when refering to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]

==History==

===Before Marxism===

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Some of the many other influences on Marxism can be found in classical economics such as [[File:Clib.png]] [[Classical Liberalism|Adam Smith]] and [[File:ricardosoc.png]] [[Ricardian Socialism|David Ricardo]] who created the labor theory of value (LTV), and the "[[File:Utsoc.png]] utopian socialists" such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Étienne Cabet, Henri de Saint-Simon.

===[[File:Ormarxf.png]] Marx and [[File:Orengelsf.png]] Engels===

In 1844, on the way to [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany, Fredrich Engels stopped in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. Marx had been living in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris since late October 1843, after the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinische_Zeitung Rheinische Zeitung]'' was banned in March 1843 by [[File:Cball-Prussia.png]] Prussian governmental authorities. Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development.

In 1844, on the way to [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany, Fredrich Engels stopped in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. Marx had been living in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris since late October 1843, after the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinische_Zeitung Rheinische Zeitung]'' was banned in March 1843 by [[File:Cball-Prussia.png]] Prussian governmental authorities. Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development.[[File:Fig9-marxengels.png|thumb|A depiction of Marx and Engels writing.]]

In [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris, Marx was publishing the [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Articles_from_the_German_French_Yearbooks.pdf Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher]. Engels met Marx for a second time at the Café de la Régence on the Place du Palais, 28 August 1844. The two quickly became close friends and remained so their entire lives, cowriting staples of Marxist literature such as [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf The Communist Manifesto], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ The German Ideology], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/ Anti-Dühring], and many more. Engels actually provided the funding for a substantial amount of Marx's work as Engels was born into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry. ~~[[File:Fig9-marxengels.png|thumb|A drawing of Marx and Engels writing.]]~~

In [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris, Marx was publishing the [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Articles_from_the_German_French_Yearbooks.pdf Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher]. Engels met Marx for a second time at the Café de la Régence on the Place du Palais, 28 August 1844. The two quickly became close friends and remained so their entire lives, cowriting staples of Marxist literature such as [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf The Communist Manifesto], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ The German Ideology], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/ Anti-Dühring], and many more. Engels actually provided the funding for a substantial amount of Marx's work as Engels was born into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry.

===First International===

Following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_Uprising January Uprising] in [[File:Cball-Poland.png]] Poland in 1863, [[File:Cball-France.png]] French and [[File:Cball-UK.png]] British workers started to discuss developing a closer working relationship. Henri Tolain, Joseph Perrachon and Charles Limousin visited [[File:Cball-England.png]] London in July 1863, attending a meeting in St. James's Hall in honour of the [[File:Cball-Poland.png]] Polish uprising. They discussed the need for an international organisation, which would amongst other things prevent the import of foreign workers to break strikes. In September 1864, [[File:Cball-France.png]] French and [[File:Cball-UK.png]] British delegates again met in [[File:Cball-England.png]] London, this time to set up an organization for sharing labor information across borders. This organization was the International Workingmen's Association.

The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialist, [[File:Commie.png]] communist and [[File:Awaj.png]] anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, [[File:Cball-England.png]] London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in [[File:Cball-Switzerland.png]] Geneva.

[[File:International-founding-1864-1.jpg|thumb|A depiction of the founding of the First International.]]

In Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members while police reported 5 million. In 1872, it split in two over conflicts between statist and anarchist factions and dissolved in 1876. The Second International was founded in 1889.

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@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 On top of that, he believes that how capitalists extract surplus value from the labour of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.
-Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when refering to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A drawing by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]
+Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when refering to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]
 ==History==
 ===Before Marxism===
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 Some of the many other influences on Marxism can be found in classical economics such as [[File:Clib.png]] [[Classical Liberalism|Adam Smith]] and [[File:ricardosoc.png]] [[Ricardian Socialism|David Ricardo]] who created the labor theory of value (LTV), and the "[[File:Utsoc.png]] utopian socialists" such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Étienne Cabet, Henri de Saint-Simon.
 ===[[File:Ormarxf.png]] Marx and [[File:Orengelsf.png]] Engels===
-In 1844, on the way to [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany, Fredrich Engels stopped in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. Marx had been living in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris since late October 1843, after the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinische_Zeitung Rheinische Zeitung]'' was banned in March 1843 by [[File:Cball-Prussia.png]] Prussian governmental authorities. Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development.
+In 1844, on the way to [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany, Fredrich Engels stopped in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. Marx had been living in [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris since late October 1843, after the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinische_Zeitung Rheinische Zeitung]'' was banned in March 1843 by [[File:Cball-Prussia.png]] Prussian governmental authorities. Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development.[[File:Fig9-marxengels.png|thumb|A depiction of Marx and Engels writing.]]
-In [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris, Marx was publishing the [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Articles_from_the_German_French_Yearbooks.pdf Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher]. Engels met Marx for a second time at the Café de la Régence on the Place du Palais, 28 August 1844. The two quickly became close friends and remained so their entire lives, cowriting staples of Marxist literature such as [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf The Communist Manifesto], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ The German Ideology], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/ Anti-Dühring], and many more. Engels actually provided the funding for a substantial amount of Marx's work as Engels was born into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry. [[File:Fig9-marxengels.png|thumb|A drawing of Marx and Engels writing.]]
+In [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris, Marx was publishing the [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Articles_from_the_German_French_Yearbooks.pdf Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher]. Engels met Marx for a second time at the Café de la Régence on the Place du Palais, 28 August 1844. The two quickly became close friends and remained so their entire lives, cowriting staples of Marxist literature such as [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf The Communist Manifesto], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ The German Ideology], [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/ Anti-Dühring], and many more. Engels actually provided the funding for a substantial amount of Marx's work as Engels was born into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry.
 ===First International===
 Following the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_Uprising January Uprising] in [[File:Cball-Poland.png]] Poland in 1863, [[File:Cball-France.png]] French and [[File:Cball-UK.png]] British workers started to discuss developing a closer working relationship. Henri Tolain, Joseph Perrachon and Charles Limousin visited [[File:Cball-England.png]] London in July 1863, attending a meeting in St. James's Hall in honour of the [[File:Cball-Poland.png]] Polish uprising. They discussed the need for an international organisation, which would amongst other things prevent the import of foreign workers to break strikes. In September 1864, [[File:Cball-France.png]] French and [[File:Cball-UK.png]] British delegates again met in [[File:Cball-England.png]] London, this time to set up an organization for sharing labor information across borders. This organization was the International Workingmen's Association.
 The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialist, [[File:Commie.png]] communist and [[File:Awaj.png]] anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, [[File:Cball-England.png]] London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in [[File:Cball-Switzerland.png]] Geneva.
+[[File:International-founding-1864-1.jpg|thumb|A depiction of the founding of the First International.]]
 In Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members while police reported 5 million. In 1872, it split in two over conflicts between statist and anarchist factions and dissolved in 1876. The Second International was founded in 1889.