Jacobinism

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Not to be confused with Jacobitism.

"To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is cruelty. The severity of tyrants has barbarity for its principle; that of a republican government is founded on beneficence. Therefore let him beware who should dare to influence the people by that terror which is made only for their enemies! Let him beware, who, regarding the inevitable errors of civism in the same light, with the premeditated crimes of perfidiousness, or the attempts of conspirators, suffers the dangerous intriguer to escape and pursues the peaceable citizen! Death to the villain who dares abuse the sacred name of liberty or the powerful arms intended for her defence, to carry mourning or death to the patriotic heart..."

Jacobinism, also called Montagnardism is an authoritarian, radical liberal revolutionary ideology that originates from the age of enlightenment (18th century) and that advocates for a revolution against the traditional european society and establishment of an egalitarian Republic. They wished to destroy any trace of the old feudal society, opposed to the Girondist and general Liberal/Radical views of simply removing feudalism and the monarchy. Jacobinism supports radically transforming society quickly and violently, by removing organised religion (aside from Deism) and executing every nobleman, clergyman and royal as these men and their families, in the Jacobinist view, oppressed humanity for millennia and must be punished or else they will seek to undermine the republic which will allow them to oppress humanity once more.

Their influence is far and wide, as they are the parent of Babouvism and Philosophical Anarchism, the ancestor of Progressivism which in turn makes them the close ancestor of most ideologies in the left side of the compass. Most revolutionary forces, from the 1848 revolutions to Vanguardist ones in the 20th century, owe much inspiration to the Jacobins they were the first people to consider a revolution as a large scale movement and something of inherent value that must be defended, rather than the civil wars that English and American Liberals waged between the states against the empire or the aristocrats and Protestant clergy fighting against the King and Catholics.

They are forever infamous for the role they took in the French Revolution and for being responsible for the subsequent reign of terror, whereby means of their favorite weapon, the guillotine, everyone deemed to be counter-revolutionary was executed.

History

Name Origin

The Jacobins got their name from the fact that their club, the Breton Club, and later the Society of Friends of the Constitution, met in the convent of the Dominicans, or Jacobins, on Rue Saint-Honoré in Paris. Formed by men from the urban petty bourgeoisie, the Jacobins were recognized in history mainly for their radical republicanism and also for the centralizing role played by the State in the revolutionary process.

At first, the Jacobins were just members of a Masonic club called the Jacobin Club – which, in turn, had such a name because it was located in the Convent of São Tiago (in the original French, Jacques or Jacob). Some nobles and several rich bourgeois belonged to the group; among these were important characters for the Revolution that would soon take place, such as Jacques-Pierre Brissot, who would lead the Girondin faction, and Maximilien Robespierre, who would lead the Jacobins.

French Revolution of 1789

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire on November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while its values and institutions remain central to modern French political discourse.

The causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. A financial crisis and widespread social distress led, in May 1789, to the convocation of the Estates General which was converted into a National Assembly in June. The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, among them the abolition of feudalism, state control over the Catholic Church in France, and a declaration of rights.

The next three years were dominated by the struggle for political control, exacerbated by economic depression. A series of military defeats following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in April 1792 resulted in the Insurrection of 10 August 1792. The monarchy was abolished and replaced by the French First Republic in September, while Louis XVI was executed in January 1793.

After another Paris-based revolt in June 1793, the constitution was suspended and effective political power passed from the National Convention to the Committee of Public Safety. An estimated 16,000 were executed in the subsequent Reign of Terror, which ended in July 1794. Weakened by external threats and internal opposition, the Republic was replaced in November 1795 by the Directory (1795-1799). Four years later in November 1799, the Consulate seized power in a military coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte. This is generally seen as marking the end of the Revolutionary period.

Deposition of the Monarchy

During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy (French: Proclamation de l'abolition de la royauté) was a proclamation by the File:LaPlaine.png National Convention of France announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792, giving birth to the French First Republic.

Founding of the National Convention

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Red Terror

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Thermidor coup and decline

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Variants

Jacobin Club

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Cordeliers Club

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Beliefs

  • Popular Sovereignty: The Jacobins emphasized the concept of popular sovereignty, asserting that political power should reside with the citizens and be exercised through representative institutions. They sought to empower the masses and ensure their active participation in political decision-making.
  • Equality: The Jacobins advocated for social equality and the abolition of social hierarchies. They rejected the privileges of the nobility and sought to create a more egalitarian society based on merit and civic virtue.
  • Liberty: The Jacobins placed great importance on individual and political liberties. They championed freedom of speech, press, and association, seeking to protect these rights as essential elements of a democratic society.
  • Virtue and Civic Duty: The Jacobins believed in the cultivation of virtue and the fulfillment of civic duties as essential components of active citizenship. They promoted civic education and moral values as a means to create an engaged and responsible citizenry.
  • Centralization of Power: The Jacobins supported a strong central government and centralization of power. They believed that a unified and centralized state was necessary to implement their reforms and defend the republic against counter-revolutionary forces.
  • Revolutionary Justice: The Jacobins implemented a policy of revolutionary justice, aiming to safeguard the revolution and punish its enemies. They established the Committee of Public Safety and conducted trials and executions of perceived counter-revolutionaries, which led to a period known as the Reign of Terror.
  • Nationalism: The Jacobins promoted a strong sense of nationalism, emphasizing the unity and sovereignty of the French nation. They sought to spread their revolutionary ideals beyond French borders, encouraging the export of the revolution and supporting nationalist uprisings in other countries.
  • Secularism: The Jacobins advocated for the separation of church and state. They sought to limit the influence of religion in political affairs and replace traditional religious practices with a more rational and secular civic cult.
  • Revolutionary Internationalism: While primarily focused on the French Revolution, the Jacobins supported the idea of international solidarity among revolutionary movements. They envisioned a global struggle against monarchies and aristocracies, advocating for the spread of revolutionary principles throughout Europe and beyond.

Personality

Jacobin is usually presented somewhat as a (French) maniac who really likes to chop off the heads of anyone who goes against le Republique including royals as well as normal French citizens.

How to Draw

Flag of Jacobinism

Drawing Jacobin requires a few steps:

  1. Draw a ball
  2. Draw a Phrygian cap on top
  3. Draw a French cockade on the cap
  4. Fill both the cap and the ball with red
  5. Draw 2 intertwined branches in black in the ball
  6. Add the eyes and you're done
Color Name HEX RGB
Blue #0055A4 0, 85, 164
White #FFFFFF 255, 255, 255
Light Red #EF4135 239, 65, 53
Red #FE0010 254, 0, 16
Black #141414 20, 20, 20


Relations

Camarades

  • Left-Wing Populism - Bon sang ouais, rallier le peuple!
  • Republicanism - My dear brother who loves to kill monarques. Liberté! Égalité! Fraternité!
  • Neo-Jacobinism - La tradition est une oppression!
  • Marxism - Mon petit-enfant who considers me to be an important révolutionnaire démocrate anti-féodal.
  • Leninism - Mon petit-enfant préféré!
  • Marxism–Leninism - Mon arrière-petit-fils who loves me. Why didn't you guillotine Michael I, Horthy and Simeon II?
  • Maoism - Mon arrière-arrière-petit-fils whom I greatly admire for how he deals with traditionalisme.
  • Radicalism - Oui! Fight the monarchistes réactionnaires!
  • National Liberalism - Carrying on my legacy and kicking monarchiste cul in 1848!
  • Babouvism - Carried on my legacy and started something great. J'aurais aimé que vous réussissiez....
  • Utopian Socialism - I am a kind of form of you.
  • Ochlocracy - IF THE MOB WANTS YOU DEAD, YOU DIE! À LA GUILLOTINE!
  • Philosophical Anarchism - Merci pour votre soutien!
  • De Francism - My son that took my ideas 'encore plus loin'.
  • Kemalism - My Turkish friend. Why didn't you guillotine Mehmed VI?
  • Tridemism - My Chinese friend. Why didn't you guillotine Yuan Shikai and Puyi?
    • Shikai died of natural causes, while Puyi was just a kid at the time. But I should have killed him because of his betrayal.
  • Fascism (1919-1922 and after 1943) - I always knew you would stay true to me! death to le roi et le parlement traîtres who sided with étrangèrs against you, mon petit-enfant.
  • Posadism - You want to erase the past with explosifs? Je vous aiderai avec tout enthousiasme!

Neutre

  • Democracy - There's no need to vote on whether or not we should kill all contre-révolutionnaires.
  • Constitutionalism - What about la constitution? I'm busy killing people, talk to me later!
  • Classical Liberalism - La Révolution Américaine had a great influence on my ideas but you were too lukewarm on slavery and La Glorieuse Révolution was monarchist, you faux révolutionnaire.
  • Socialism - We have often been allies but I am technically still a libérale and enjoy propriété privée.
  • Enlightenment Thought - Rousseau was a great théoricien to Robespierre. What do you mean France is too big for une république?
  • La Plaineism - You're actually more willing to work with us. Grand! La Révolution will continue to live on, just as long as you remain on our side and support la Terreur. Wait, what do you mean you don't hold alliances partisanes? And why did you originally side with them?!
  • Dantonism - You helped create the Comité de salut public to catch our opponents, but you were corrupt so you were replaced.
  • Jeffersonian Democracy - Merci for your support but you're too much like him.
  • Progressivism - You're not going far enough. Renversez et exécutez votre élite oppressive et privilégiée!
    • LEAVE ME ALONE, YOU MANIAC!
  • State Atheism - I too hate Christianity, but Robespierre is notre sauveur who freed France from tyrannie! Bien sûr que nous devons le vénérer!
  • Fascism (1922-1943) - Tu as essayé, but keeping the king on the throne was a mistake.

À LA GUILLOTINE!

  • Girondism - You may have originally been a fellow comrade in la Révolution, but you became un contre-révolutionnaire against my goals. À LA GUILLOTINE!
  • Feuillantism - Why on earth do you want to keep the king?! À LA GUILLOTINE!
  • Monarcho-Fascism - Vous êtes comme la personne ci-dessus! À LA GUILLOTINE!
  • Thermidorianism - Comment ça, c'est mon tour de mourir à la guillotine?!
    • À LA GUILLOTINE!
    • NON NO- ARGH, ma mâchoire!
  • Illuminatism - VOUS NE ME CONTRÔLEZ PAS, RETOURNEZ EN BAVIÈRE, ESPÈCE DE RACAILLE ÉLITISTE ANTI-DÉMOCRA- *Guillotined for no longer being useful*

Further Information

Literature

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