Pan-Nationalism: Difference between revisions

In the Balkans, Pan-slavists would often turn to [[File:Cball-Russian Empire.png]] [[Absolute Monarchism|Russia]] for support. The southern Slavic movement advocated for the independence of the Slavic peoples within the [[File:Cball-AustriaHungary.png]] Austro-Hungarian Empire [[File:Austroslavism.png]], the Republic of Venice and [[File:Ottoman.png]] the Ottoman Empire. Some Serbian intellectuals tried to unite all the southern Balkan slavs, whether they were Catholic ([[File:Cball-Croatia.png]] Croats and [[File:Cball-Slovenia.png]] Slovenes), Orthodox ([[File:Cball-Serbia.png]] Serbs, [[File:Cball-Bulgaria.png]] Bulgarians, also [[File:Cball-Montenegro.png]] Montenegrins, and modern-day [[File:Cball-NorthMacedonia.png]] NorthernNorth Macedonians) or even Muslim ([[File:Cball-BosniaHerzegovina.png]] Bosniaks and some [[File:Cball-NorthMacedonia.png]] Macedonians) as a "South Slavic nation with three faiths".

After the creation of the [[File:Cball-Yugoslavia-old.png]] '''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes''' in 1918, '''Yugoslavism''' gained a new political and state dimension. However, a key step towards the political redefinition of Yugoslavism was made only in 1929, when the official name of the state was changed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From that moment on, all the inhabitants of Yugoslavia became Yugoslavs on the basis of their citizenship. At the same time, in addition to the national state, Yugoslavia gained a special ethno-national significance in the form of the ideology of '''Integral Yugoslavism''', which was based on the thesis of the existence of a single nation. Integral Yugoslavism was based on the denial of the existence of separate ethnicities, which were reduced to a subnational level and declared as mere tribes within a single Yugoslav nation. The policy of Integral Yugoslavism was actively pursued in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from the introduction of the [[File:Abmon.png]] [[Absolute Monarchism|6 January dictatorship in 1929]], until the assassination of King Alexander I in 1934, after which it fell into crisis, and experienced a complete collapse between 1939 and 1941.

During the Second World War, the [[File:LCY.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Communist Party of Yugoslavia]] propagated a special form of federalist Yugoslavia which, after 1945, under the slogan of ''brotherhood and unity'', became the backbone of state policy in the [[File:Cball-Yugoslavia.png]] [[Titoism|new socialist Yugoslavia]], whichthat waslater organized the country as a [[File:FedEthnoFed.png]] [[Federalism|federalfederation]] stateof [[File:Cball-SRSlovenia.png]][[File:Cball-SRCroatia1.png]][[File:Cball-SRBandHball.png]] republics [[File:Cball-SRSerbia.png]][[File:Cball-SRSerbia.png]][[File:Cball-SRMacedonia.png]]. Although the federalist concept of Yugoslavia was proclaimed as an official state and party policy, significant differences and divisions emerged among the Yugoslav communists over time between proponents of federalist [[Centralism|centralism]] and proponents of political decentralization. During the political crisis that lasted from 1966 to 1974, the second current prevailed, and after 1980, following the death of [[File:JosipBrozTito.png]] [[Titoism|Josip Broz Tito]], the first proponents of [[File:Confed.png]] [[Confederalism|confederal]] Yugoslavia appeared, who advocated the transformation of Yugoslavia into a confederation of sovereign republics.

Yugoslavia suffered a heavy blow during the political crisis that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990's, which permanently compromised the concept of any political unity of the Yugoslav peoples. Serbia and Montenegro's attempt to preserve a narrow Yugoslavia after 1992 through the creation of the [[File:Cball-Yugoslavia-old.png]] '''Federal Republic of Yugoslavia''' ended in failure. The narrowed political concept of Yugoslavia was formally abandoned in 2003, when the FRY was reorganized into a state union called [[File:Cball-Yugoslavia-old.png]] [[Confederalism|Serbia and Montenegro]]. Eventually, both [[File:Cball-Serbia.png]] Serbia and [[File:Cball-Montenegro.png]] Montenegro became their own separate statescountries in June of 2006.