Particracy: Difference between revisions

Another way in which particracy has been historically and still currently implemented is in the form of a '''Two-Party System'''. Two-party systems are systems where two parties (usually one broadly left-leaning and one broadly right-leaning) dominate the political landscape, with power shifting back and forth between both. While other parties often hold some seats in the legislature, they are unlikely to be a significant enough bloc, with coalition governments being rare. Countries like the [[File:Cball-US.png]] United States are extreme examples where third party or independent representatives are almost non-existent at both the federal and state level. This has resulted in both parties having different ideological factions in the hopes of somewhat increasing political diversity and having a more broad appeal. This is usually the result of a traditional first-past-the-post voting system, where high amounts of tactical voting due to it being a plurality-based system will result in most people only voting for one of the two parties (otherwise known as Duverger's law), but this isn't necessarily the case; two-party systems or characteristics of a two-party system can also sometimes be found in other voting systems, including some proportional systems, due to the rule of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem that if a voting rule is neither dictatorial nor susceptible to tactical voting, it must limit the possible outcomes to two (relevant) alternatives onlyb. Prominent examples of two-party systems are the US [[File:Demcr.png]] [[Big Tent Liberalism|Democratic]]/[[File:RepubUS.png]] [[Conservatism|Republican Party]], the Polish [[File:PiS.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Law and Justice (PiS)]]/[[File:PO.png]] [[Social Capitalism|Civic Platform (PO)]], the Canadian [[File:TrudeauLib.png]] [[Social Liberalism|Liberal]]/[[File:CanadaConservative.png]] [[Neoconservatism|Conservative Party]], and the Australian [[File:LiberalParty.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Liberal]]/[[File:ALP.png]] [[Social Democracy|Labor]] [[Third Way|Party]] (in the House of Representatives).

A '''Codominant-Party System''' is when the same several, usually two, parties dominate politics for a long time. It can be seen as a weaker, informal version of the two-party system, however, the systems they operate in are still nominally democratic and either party can be replaced, but it is usually very hard as the result of a still primarily traditional first-past-the-post voting system, where high amounts of tactical voting due to it being a plurality-based system will result in most people only voting for one of the two parties (otherwise known as Duverger's law), but this isn't necessarily the case; codominant-party systems or characteristics of a codominant-party system can also sometimes be found in other voting systems, including some proportional systems, due to the rule of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem that if a voting rule is neither dictatorial nor susceptible to tactical voting, it must limit the possible outcomes to two (relevant) alternatives only. Examples include the UK [[File:Con-t.png]] [[Conservatism|Conservative]]/[[File:UKLab.png]] [[Social Democracy|Labour]] [[Third Way|Party]], the Australian [[File:LiberalParty.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Liberal]]/[[File:ALP.png]] [[Social Democracy|Labor]] [[Third Way|Party]] (in the Senate), the New Zealand [[File:LabourNZ-icon.png]] [[Social Democracy|Labour]]/[[File:NationalNZ-icon.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|National Party]], the South Korean [[File:PeoplePowerParty.png]] [[National Conservatism|People Power Party]]/[[File:DemocraticPartyKorea.png]] [[Big Tent Liberalism|Democratic Party of Korea]], the Taiwanese [[File:DPP-Taiwan.png]] [[National Liberalism|Democratic Progressive Party]]/[[File:RevRightKMT.png]] [[Tridemism|Kuomintang]], and the Spanish [[File:PSOE.png]] [[Social Democracy|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]]/[[File:SpaPP.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|People's Party]].