Marxism: Difference between revisions
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During the events of the [[File:Cball-France.png]]Franco-[[File:Cball-Prussia.png]]Prussian War, Paris had been defended by the National Guard, where working class radicalism grew among soldiers. In March 1871, during the establishment of the Third Republic under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and then refused to accept the authority of the French government, instead attempting to establish an independent government.
The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|progressive]], [[File:Laicism.png]] [[Laicism|anti-religious]] system of [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democracy]], including the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent during the siege, the abolition of child labor, and the right of employees to take over an enterprise deserted by its owner. [[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|Feminist]],[[File: Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]], and [[File:Awaj.png]] [[Anarchism|anarchist]] currents played important roles in the Commune. However, they had very little time to achieve their respective goals.
The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during ''La semaine sanglante'' ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 7,000 Communards are confirmed to have been killed in battle or executed, though some unconfirmed estimates are as high as 20,000. The Archbishop of Paris, Georges Darboy, and other hostages were shot by the Commune in retaliation. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant influence on the ideas of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels, who described it as the first example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
===Second International===
After the dissolution of the First International in 1876, the Second International was formed years later in 1889. Much like the First, it was an organization of socialist and labor parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at two simultaneous Paris meetings in which delegations from twenty countries participated. The Second International continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement. While the international had initially declared its opposition to all warfare between European powers, most of the major European parties ultimately chose to support their respective states in the First World War. After splitting into pro-Allied, pro-Central Powers, and antimilitarist factions, the international ceased to function. After the war, the remaining factions of the international went on to found the Labor and Socialist International, the International Working Union of Socialist Parties, and the Communist International.
===October Revolution and Soviet Union===
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