Marxism: Difference between revisions
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*[[File:Centmarxf.png]] [[Centrist Marxism|Karl Kautsky]] (1854-1938) [[File:Cball-Czechia.png]] Czechia
*[[File:Centmarxf.png]] [[Centrist Marxism|Georgi Plekhanov]] (1856-1918) [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Russia
*[[File:ICA.png]] [[
*[[File:Rozalia.png]] [[Luxemburgism|Rosa Luxemburg]] (1871-1919) [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany
*[[File:Commie.png]] [[Socialism|Karl Liebknecht]] (1871-1919) [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany
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'''Marxism''', commonly called '''Classical Marxism''' or '''Orthodox Marxism''', also called '''Marxist Socialism''' or '''Scientific Socialism'''<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm</ref>, is an economically far-left and (most of the time) culturally progressive ideology that is based on the analysis and ideology of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and looks to achieve a [[File:Commie.png]] communist (stateless, classless, moneyless) society. According to Marx and Engels, in a communist society, nationality<ref name=":0">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm</ref>, families<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm</ref>, property, commodities, division of labor<ref name=":0" />, cities and countryside, religion, ideology, and markets would be abolished or become obsolete and fade away. Communism operates on the principle "From each according to their ability, to each according to their need". Marxists believe that due to inherent contradictions in the [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism|capitalist]] mode of productions, material conditions will become so bad that there will be a proletarian revolution which will create a [[File: Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]] state that transitions to a communist society.
He believes that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles, and history can be viewed in stages of development based on which class holds a dictatorship over the other classes, and that today (with this stage starting around the English Civil War, 1642–1651) the world is under a dictatorship of the
While Marxism acknowledges the revolutionary role that the bourgeoisie have played in history, tying all corners of the world together in a global web of industry and consumption and revolutionizing the of production creating tools and machinery capable of producing far beyond the necessary requirement to sustain society, he believes that the forces of production are now constrained by the mechanics of capitalism, just as they were constrained by the mechanics of feudalism in the previous stage of development.
On top of that, he believes that how capitalists extract surplus value from the labor of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of the bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.
Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "[[socialism]]" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]][[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when referring to [[Socialism|socialist]] tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon "Proudhonian socialism"] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].
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[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]
===Before Marxism===
Prior to the start of 'proto-Marxism', the concept of proto-communism was somewhat popular in the form of [[Tribalism|Primitive Communism]] as many early Marxists took inspiration from
Proto-Marxists can be found in the 'Young Hegelian' school. The Young Hegelians, also known as the Left Hegelians or the Hegelian Left was a group of [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] German intellectuals who, in the decade or so after the death of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel] in 1831, reacted to and wrote about his ambiguous legacy. Often expanding on the idea of a 'dialectic'. This is where dialectical materialism find's its roots, particularly in the works of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach Ludwig Feuerbach].
The Young Hegelians drew on Hegel's idea that the purpose and promise of history was the total negation of everything conducive to restricting freedom and reason; and they proceeded to mount radical critiques, first of religion and then of the [[File:Cball-Prussia.png]] Prussian political system. They rejected anti-utopian aspects of his thought that "Old Hegelians" had interpreted to mean that the world has already essentially reached perfection.
However, Marx later became disillusioned with many of the Young Hegelians. He and Fredrich Engels would go on to co-write [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/holy-family/index.htm The Holy Family], and [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ The German Ideology] as a critique of the Young Hegelians. The latter majorly
Some of the many other influences on Marxism can be found in classical economics such as [[File:Clib.png]] [[Classical Liberalism|Adam Smith]] and [[File:ricardosoc.png]] [[Ricardian Socialism|David Ricardo]] who created the labor theory of value (LTV), and the "[[File:Utsoc.png]] utopian socialists" such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Étienne Cabet, Henri de Saint-Simon.
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The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|progressive]], [[File:Laicism.png]] [[Laicism|anti-religious]] system of [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democracy]], including the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent during the siege, the abolition of child labor, and the right of employees to take over an enterprise deserted by its owner. [[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|Feminist]],[[File: Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]], and [[File:Awaj.png]] [[Anarchism|anarchist]] currents played important roles in the Commune. However, they had very little time to achieve their respective goals.
The Commune was eventually suppressed by the national French Army during ''La semaine sanglante'' ("The Bloody Week") beginning on 21 May 1871. Between 6,000 and 7,000 Communards are confirmed to have been killed in battle or executed, though some unconfirmed estimates are as high as 20,000. The Archbishop of Paris, Georges Darboy, and other hostages were shot by the Commune in retaliation. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had a significant influence on the ideas of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels, who described it as the first example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
===Second International===
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==Beliefs and Ideas==
===[[File:Commie.png]] Communism===
To Marx, a communist society is the solution
===Dialectical Materialism===
Dialectical Materialism is a philosophy developed by the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It emphasizes the importance of contradictions within things in shaping political and historical events. It also states that matter is a fundamental substance of reality, and even consciousness is the result of material interactions.
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=== Base and Superstructure===
In Marxist theory, society consists of two parts: the base (or substructure) and superstructure. The base comprises the forces and relations of production (e.g.
===Economic Determinism ===
Economic Determinism is a socioeconomic theory that economic relationships (such as being an owner or capitalist
===Workers' Revolution and Dictatorship of the Proletariat===
Marxism believes that before a communist society can develop, a state in which the workers are the ones in power must be created. This is called a [[File:Erga.png]] [[Ergatocracy|"Dictatorship of the proletariat"]]
Early on, Marx and Engels thought that the working class could take the existing state machinery and
It is as a result that Marxism is usually revolutionary.
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The Situationist International (SI) was an international organization of social revolutionaries made up of avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and political theorists. It was prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution in 1972. Overall, situationist theory represented an attempt to synthesize this diverse field of theoretical disciplines into a modern and comprehensive critique of mid-20th century advanced capitalism.
Essential to situationist theory was the concept of the spectacle, a unified critique of advanced capitalism of which a primary concern was the progressively increasing tendency towards the expression and mediation of social relations through objects. The situationists believed that the shift from individual expression through directly lived experiences, or the first-hand
===[[File:LeftCom.png]] [[Left Communism|Left]] [[Council Communism|Communism]] [[File:Councom.png]]===
Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices espoused by Marxist–Leninists and social democrats. Left communists assert positions which they regard as more authentically Marxist than the views of Marxism–Leninism espoused by the Communist International after its Bolshevization by Joseph Stalin and during its second congress.
In general, there are two currents of left communism, namely the Italian and Dutch–German left. The communist left in Italy was formed during World War I in organizations like the Italian Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Italy. The Italian left considers itself to be Leninist in nature, but denounces Marxism–Leninism as a form of bourgeois opportunism materialized in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The Italian left is currently embodied in organizations such as the Internationalist Communist Party and the International Communist Party. The
===[[File:Libmarx.png]] [[Libertarian Marxism]]===
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*[[File:Deleon.png]] [[De Leonism]] - My union-focused son who shares most of my ideals.
*[[File: Posadist.png]] [[Posadism]] - Say that again, sonny? Aliens? Nukes? Wait, what?!
*[[File:Leftac.png]] [[Left-Accelerationism]] - Progressing Capitalism to
*[[File: Neomarx.png]] [[Neo-Marxism]] - Good job expanding on my theories.
*[[File:Acidcomf.png]] [[Acid Communism]] - Son, I get that you're depressed over Capitalism and everything, but I think you should get off of the drugs before it's too late.
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*[[File:Nazi.png]] [[National Socialism]] - Stop calling yourself socialist, burning my books and executing my supporters.
*[[File: Acol.png]] [[Anarcho-Collectivism]] - Have these gentlemen ever seen a revolution?
==Further Information==
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*[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Capital: Volume 1] by Karl Marx
*[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1885-c2/index.htm Capital: Volume 2] by Karl Marx
*[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ Capital
*[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm Socialism: Utopian and Scientific] by Friedrich Engels
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ Critique of the Gotha Programme] by Karl Marx
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