Gaddafism: Difference between revisions

[[File: Statesoc.png]] [[State Socialism]]<br>

'''Gaddafism''', also known as '''Third International Theory''', is an [[fileFile:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]], economically [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|left]], and [[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] ideology influenced by [[fileFile:Muslim_2.png]] Islam.

Gaddafism is a term used to describe the ideology and ideas of [[fileFile:Gaddaficap.png]] Muammar Gaddafi, who, in a [[fileFile:StratoHelm.png]] military coup of the Libyan monarchy, became the de facto ruler of [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] Libya from 1969 to 2011.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

At the age of 9, he left his family camp in order to go to school. When he was in a secondary school in Sebha, Gaddafi was inspired by the Egyptian president at the time, Gamal Nasser. This lead to him becoming an [[fileFile:Antiwest.png]] anti-West [[fileFile:PanArab.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Arabism|Pan-Arab nationalist]]. He set up revolutionary study groups with some of the students at his school. He continued this practice up to when he joined the University of Libya in Benghazi<ref>Patay, M. (No Date). Muammar Gaddafi. IMDb. From: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0300490/?ref_=nmbio_bio_nm</ref> in 1963 to study history, but he dropped out to join the military academy in the city.<ref>Editors, TheFamousPeople.com. (No Date). Muammar Gaddafi Biography. TheFamousPeople. From: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/muammar-gaddafi-3727.php</ref>

While in military school, Gaddafi met people who shared his [[fileFile:Antiwest.png]] anti-West [[fileFile:PanArab.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Arabism|pan-nationalism]]. They then teamed up and immediately started planning a coup of the Libyan monarchy in place at the time. Gaddafi was later sent to [[fileFile:Cball-UK.png]] Britain for further training, and his nationalism was intensified by his experiences there.<ref>Llewellyn. J, Thompson. S. (2/Nov/2018). "Muammar Gaddafi". Alpha History. From: https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/muammar-gaddafi/</ref>

Once in power, in 1970, Gaddafi removed [[fileFile:Cball-US.png]] American and [[fileFile:Cball-UK.png]] British military bases from the country and kicked out the [[fileFile:Zio.png]] Jewish and [[fileFile:Cball-Italy.png]] Italian communities that same year. In 1993, he nationalized all petroleum assets in Libya that were owned by foreign entities. He then implemented laws that aligned with his [[fileFile:Muslim_2.png]] Islamic principles, like banning alcohol.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

In 1973, while economic reforms were underway, Gaddafi announced the "Peoples Revolution" in a speech. This was meant to implement a form of [[fileFile:Islamic_Socialism.png]] [[Islamic Socialism|Islamic Socialism]] (This ideology is laid out in the Green Book and summarized in the Foundations and Beliefs section). He continued announcing and proposing ideas throuout the 70's and early 80's.<ref>"Muammar Al-Gaddafi ." Encyclopedia of World Biography. . Retrieved March 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/muammar-al-gaddafi</ref>

One of these announcements was that of the newly proclaimed [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya in 1977. These actions caused some opposition to arise and plots against Gaddafi were made, but the state quickly suppressed then and issued warnings to anyone who may get any ideas.<ref>"Muammar Al-Gaddafi ." Encyclopedia of World Biography. . Retrieved March 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/muammar-al-gaddafi</ref>

Gaddafi and his regime were known for funding groups abroad that alagined with his beliefs, like the [[fileFile:Blacknat.png]] [[Black Nationalism|Black Panther Party]] in the U.S and the [[fileFile:IrelandHarp.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|IRA]] in Northern Ireland. These activities caused a growing disfavor of Gaddafi in the eyes of the [[fileFile:Cball-US.png]] American government, and in 1986, carried out airstrikes on several sites in [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] Libya, barley missing Gaddafi, but killing many members of his family in the process.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

This relationship with [[fileFile:Cball-US.png]] America and the [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] international community only got worse after it was revealed that Gaddafi's regime had funded [[fileFile:Terrorist.png]] terrorists who blew up a civilian plane over Lockerbie, [[fileFile:Cball-Scotland.png]] Scotland in 1988, killing all onboard and some on the ground. As a result, the [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] U.N and [[fileFile:Cball-US.png]] America sanctioned [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] Libya, but later, in the 90's, Gaddafi would hand over the alleged [[fileFile:Terrorist.png]] terrorists and the [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] U.N dropped the sanctions, but the [[fileFile:Cball-US.png]] U.S would not do the same until 2003, when Gaddafi ended his weapons program.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

Another one of the regime's foreign relations was in 2009, when Gaddafi was named the head of the [[fileFile:Cball-AfricanUnion.png]] African Union. Almost immediately, Gaddafi's strong [[fileFile:Pan-Africanism.png]] [[Pan-Nationalism#Pan-Africanism|pan-nationalism]] made some members of the union uneasy. He advocated for an extremely strong union of all the member states and the eventual formation of the "United States of Africa", which would function as any other sovereign government.<ref>(No Author). (2/Feb/2009). "African Union names Gaddafi as head". Al Jazeera. From: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/2/2/african-union-names-gaddafi-as-head</ref> In 2010, when Gaddafi tried to become the head again after his one year term ended, several African nations pushed back and he was denied.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

Later in the same year as his promotion to head of the [[fileFile:Cball-AfricanUnion.png]] AU, Gaddafi, giving a speech at a [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] U.N General Assembly, famously tore a copy of the U.N charter, causing controversy in the international community.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (Invalid Date). Muammar al-Qaddafi. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muammar-al-Qaddafi</ref>

In 2011, anti-regime protesters, inspired by recent events in [[fileFile:Cball-Egypt.png]] Egypt and [[fileFile:Cball-Tunisia.png]] Tunisia, held rallies in Benghazi to protest the arrest of a human rights lawyer. The protesters called for Gaddafi to step down from his position, leading to clashes with the Libyan security forces and the protesters. To counter the protest, authorities set up a [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] pro-regime protest and broadcast it on state TV.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, February 8). Libya Revolt of 2011. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011</ref>

These actions caused tensions to rise between the two parties, ultimately leading to the protesters taking control of the city, which, in turn, lead to authorities using lethal force on the protesters and taking other [[fileFile:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] measures, like blocking access to the internet and interrupting telephone service.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, February 8). Libya Revolt of 2011. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011</ref>

This rise in violence lead to condemnation from the [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] international community, and lots of resignations from Libyan positions, like the Libyan ambassador to the [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] U.N. Many Libyan embassies flew pre-Gaddafi flags in protest and many units of the [[fileFile:StratoHelm.png]] military started to side with the protesters, causing Gaddafi's power to weaken significantly.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, February 8). Libya Revolt of 2011. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011</ref>

After a while, the protesters got weapons and teamed up with the anti-Gaddafi units of the [[fileFile:StratoHelm.png]] military, forming a full-out armed rebellion, and therefore, starting a civil war. From here, it went downhill for Gaddafi. There were [[fileFile:Cball-UN.png]] international calls for his resignation and the armed resistance, although weak, but with the help of foreign powers, like [[fileFile:Necon.png]] NATO, managed to advance. Finally, on October 12 in 2011, Gaddafi was found and killed in his hometown of Sirte, marking the fall of his [[fileFile:Gaddafi.png]] regime.<ref>Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, February 8). Libya Revolt of 2011. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Libya-Revolt-of-2011</ref>