Jacobitism: Difference between revisions
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==History==
After King James II and VII of England and Scotland converted to Catholicism, although the monarch was generally speaking popular, unrest started growing, because most of England was a Protestant country. However, the peeople remained loyal until 1688, when King James gave birth to a son, who was raised a Catholic. Up until this point, the claimant to the throne was Princess Mary, who was a devout Protestant, and the people of England knew they would get a Protestant queen after the death of James. However, the birth of a Catholic son raised concerns that a fully Catholic dynasty would sit in London. Therefore, three months after the birth of the son of James, who was also called James, the English people started a revolution, deposing James and his son, and instating Mary and her husband, the Dutch Prince of Orange as the king of England and Scotland. However, the Stuarts did not surrender. The Jacobites (from latin Iacobus, which means Jacob), started numerous plots to restore the line of succession. The Scottish Parliament nearly passed an act that enabled them to choose their own king, which would have led to the separation of the two Kingdoms, but the English Parliament quickly passed the Act of Union, which merged the two kingdoms into the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Jacobites started a revolt in 1715 as well, under James, the son of James II and VII and the reason for this entire mess, though it failed after initial limited successes in Scotland.
However, the closest it got to the Jacobites restoring the Stuarts was in 1745. Then, Britain was at war with most of Europe in the War of Austrian Succession. The son of James, who was known as the Old Pretender, Charles, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, landed in Moidart and raised the Jacobite flag. Many of the Highland clans joined him, hoping to restore their independence. With the new and reformed Jacobite army, Bonnie Prince Charlie defeated an english force at Prestopans, and started marching on London. They got to but five days from the city, but a Williamite spy told them of an army between them and London. Upon hearing the news, the Jacobite Army retreated back to Scotland, where they met a massive British force at Bannockburn. There, the Jacobites were defeated, the Army scattered, and the Prince escaping through the isles of Scotland and Moidart to France.
After 1745, heavy repressions against Catholics and the Scottish clans ensued. The Scottish culture was suppressed and the Catholics of England and Scotland were sometimes brutally massacred.
In the 1880s and 1890s there was a brief revival which led to multiple clubs and societies forming, but ended after the first World War started because the Jacobite heir at the time, Maria Theresa of Austria-Este was queen consort of Bavaria at the time which was part of the German Empire and her son Rupprecht, later known to the Jacobites as Robert I and IV, was a German Field Marshall in WWI, though in the summer of 1934 he did have a lunch with his distant cousin George V where he confessed to him that he consider Hitler to be insane.
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==Personality==
Speaks in the Scots language (or some form of Scottish English), and acts like a stereotypical Scot. He tends to be socially conservative and is a diehard believer in the divine right of kings. He is also Catholic and likes parties, but is absolutely fierce in battle. Plays the bagpipes well.
==How to Draw==
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