Peronism: Difference between revisions
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{{Info|Third Position}}<br>
[[File:Synd.png|link=:Category:Syndicalists]] [[:Category:Syndicalists|{{Color|#FF0000|'''Syndicalists'''}}]]<br>
[[File:RevNat.png|link=:Category:Revolutionary Nationalist]] [[:Category:Revolutionary Nationalist|{{Color|#FF9900|'''Revolutionary Nationalists'''}}]]<br>
[[File:Pop.png|link=:Category:Populists]] [[:Category:Populists|{{Color|#141414|{{Glow|'''Populists'''|#FFFFFF}}}}]]<br>
[[File:Syncretic.png|link=:Category:Syncretic]] [[:Category:Syncretic|{{Color|#F9BBBB|'''Sy'''}}{{Color|#93DAF8|'''nc'''}}{{Color|#C8E4BC|'''re'''}}{{Color|#F5F4AB|'''tic'''}}]]<br>
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{{Info|Authoritarian Left|AuthLeft}} ([[File:Montoneros.png]] Tendencia Revolucionaria)<br>
{{Info|Authoritarian Right|AuthRight}} ([[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] Triple A and [[File:Biondini.png]] Biondinism)<br>
{{Info|
[[File:CLeft.png|link=:Category:Centrists]] [[:Category:Centrists|{{Color|#C0C0C0|'''Center-'''}}]][[:Category:Left_Unity|{{Color|#F9BABA|'''Le'''}}{{Color|#C9E5BD|'''ft'''}}]] ([[File:Kirch.png]] Kirchnerism)<br>
[[File:Centrist-yellow.png]] [[:Category:Centrists|{{Color|#C0C0C0|'''Center'''}}]] ([[File:RenovationPron.png]] Renovation Peronism)<br>
{{Info|Culturally Right}} ([[File:Menem.png]] Menemism, [[File:Biondini.png]] Biondinism, [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] Triple A, [[File:RepubPron.png]] Republican Peronism and [[File:OrthPeron.png]] Orthodox Peronism)<br>
{{Info|Culturally Left}} ([[File:Kirch.png]] Kirchnerism and [[File:Montoneros.png]] Tendencia Revolucionaria)<br>
[[File:InfReactionaryism.png]] [[:Category:Culturally Right|{{Color|#6aa94e|'''Culturally Reactionary'''}}]] ([[File:Tacuara.png]] Tacuarism)<br>
[[File:Esoteric.png|link=:Category:Esoteric]] [[:Category:Esoteric|{{Color|#5049A7|'''Esoteric'''}}]] ([[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] Triple A)<br>
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[[File:KlepSyndie.png]] [[Syndicalism|Labour Cronyism]]<br>
[[File:Labour-icon.png]] [[Social_Democracy#United_Kingdom|Labourism]]<br>
[[File:LeftSocauth.png]] [[Social Authoritarianism|Left-Social Authoritarianism]]<br>
[[File:Nazfem.png]] [[National Feminism]] ([[File:Evita.png]] Evita)<br>
[[File:Sorelia.png]] [[National Syndicalism]]<br>
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[[File:Nazi.png]] [[Nazism]] (sympathetic)<br>
[[File:Authsoccap.png]] [[Social Capitalism]]<br>
[[File:SocFash.png]] [[
</div>
|variants=
|regional=
[[File:Biondini.png]] '''Biondinism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Anticommunism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism}}
*[[File:AntiFem.png]] Anti-Feminism
*[[File:Anti-Globalism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Globalism|Anti-Globalization}}
*[[File:
*[[File:Anti-LGBT.png]] {{PCBA|Homophobia|Anti-LGBT}}
*[[File:Altr.png]] [[Alt-Right]]
*[[File:Anti-Semitic.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Semitism}}
*[[File:Antizion.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Zionism}}
*[[File:Cathnaz.png]] [[Clerical Fascism|Catholic Nazism]]
*[[File:Euras.png]] [[Fourth Theory|Fourth Positionism]]
*[[File:Mil.png]] [[Stratocracy|Militarism]]
*[[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo]]
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*[[File:WelfChauvin.png]] [[Welfare Chauvinism]]
*[[File:Whitesup.png]] [[White Nationalism]]
}}
[[File:FedPron.png]] '''Federal Peronism''' [[File:FedPeron-Alt.png]] {{Collapse|
*[[File:Anti-Kirch.png]] Anti-Kirchnerism
*[[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism]]
*[[File:Progconf.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism]]
*[[File:3P.png]] Third Positionism
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Cdem.png]] [[Christian Democracy]]
*[[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism]]
*[[File:EconNat.png]] [[Protectionism|Developmentalism]]
*[[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism]]
*[[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism]]
*[[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Peronism|Orthodox Peronism]]
*[[File:Modnat.png]] [[Patriotism]]
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy]]
*[[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism]]
*[[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way]]
**'''Sympathetic:'''
*[[File:AlbertoFernandez.png]] [[Peronism|Albertism]] (formerly)
*[[File:Macri.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Macrism]]
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[Peronism|Menemism]]
}}
[[File:FemPron.png]] '''Feminist Peronism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:ArgNatLab.png]] [[Social Democracy|Argentine Labourism]]
*[[File:Authfem.png]] [[Feminism|Authoritarian Feminism]]
*[[File:Christfem.png]] [[Religious Feminism#Christianity|Christian Feminism]]
*[[File:Fusion_Feminism.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism|Fusion Feminism]]
*[[File:Mat.png]] [[Maternalism|Maternal Feminism]]
*[[File:Socfem.png]] [[Social Democracy#Social_Feminism|Social Feminism]]
*[[File:PacFem.png]] [[Feminism#Suffragists|Suffragism]]
*[[File:Pop.png]] [[Populism]]
*[[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism]]
*[[File:Nazfem.png]] [[National Feminism]]
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Antiabort.png]] [[Feminism#Anti-Abortion_Feminism|Anti-Abortion Feminism]] ([[File:Evita.png]] Evita)
*[[File:4WF.png]] [[Feminism#Fourth_Wave_Feminism|Fourth Wave Feminism]]
*[[File:Kirch.png]] [[Peronism|Kirchnerism]]
*[[File:AntiAntiAbortion.png]] [[Feminism#Pro-Choice Feminism|Pro-Choice Feminism]] ([[File:Kirch.png]] CFK)
*[[File:Progfem.png]] [[Progressivism|Progressive Feminism]]
}}
[[File:Kirch.png]] '''Kirchnerism''' {{Collapse|
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**'''Sympathetic:'''
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[Peronism|Menemism]]
[[File:LeftBertPron.png]] Left-Libertarian Peronism
*[[File:Ancom.png]] [[Anarcho-Communism]]
*[[File:AnSynd.png]] [[Anarcho-Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Insarch.png]] [[Insurrectionary Anarchism]]
*[[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism]]
*[[File:Libmarx.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism#Libertarian Marxism|Libertarian Marxism]]
*[[File:Libsoc.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism]]
*[[File:Ultraprogressivism.png]] [[Revolutionary Progressivism]]
[[File:AnPron.png]] Anarcho-Peronism
*[[File:Awaj-Alt.png]] [[Anarchism]]
*[[File:Anstat.png]] [[Anarcho-Totalitarianism|Anarcho-Authoritarianism]]
*[[File:AnProgcon.png]] [[Anarcho-Conservatism|Anarcho-Progressive Conservatism]]
*[[File:AnSynd.png]] [[Anarcho-Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Natan.png]] [[National Anarchism]]
*[[File:Anrel.png]] [[Religious Anarchism]] (mostly)
*[[File:An3P.png]] Third-Position Anarchism
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Andist.png]] [[Anarcho-Distributism]]
*[[File:Anfashf.png]] [[Anarcho-Fascism]]
*[[File:Anfem.png]] [[Anarcha-Feminism]]
*[[File:Anarchristian.png]] [[Christian Anarchism]]
*[[File:Anconlib.png]] [[Anarcho-Conservatism|Radical Conservative Liberalism]]
}}
[[File:Menem.png]] '''Menemism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Conlib.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism]]
*[[File:ConNeoLIb.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Conservative Neoliberalism]]
*[[File:Econlib.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Economic Liberalism]]
*[[File:Nalib.png]] [[National Liberalism]]
*[[File:New-Neoclassical.png]] [[Keynesian School#New Keynesian Economic Theory|Neoliberal Keynesianism]]
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*[[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism]]
*[[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism]]
*[[File:3P.png]]
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:CathSocial.png]] [[Catholic Theocracy|Catholic Social Teaching]]
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}}
[[File:OrthPeron.png]] '''Orthodox Peronism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Anticap.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Capitalism}}
*[[File:Anticommunism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism}}
*[[File:Anti-LGBT.png]] {{PCBA|Homophobia|Anti-LGBT}}
*[[File:Anti-Marx.png]] Anti-Marxism
*[[File:Anti-Semitic.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Semitism}}
*[[File:Cfash.png]] [[Clerical Fascism]]
*[[File:Corptism.png]] [[Corporatism]]
*[[File:Econfash.png]] [[Corporatism#Corporate_Statism|Corporativismo]]
*[[File:Fash.png]] [[Fascism]]
*[[File:AuthFiscon.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Fiscal Conservatism]] (Rodrigazo)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigazo</ref>
*[[File:AntiLibNeoLib.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Illiberal Neoliberalism]]
*[[File:Natsynd.png]] [[National Syndicalism]]
*[[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Peronism|Right-Wing Peronism]]
*[[File:Rpop-tinfoilhat.png]] [[Right-Wing Populism]]
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*[[File:3P.png]] Third Positionism
*[[File:Ultracon.png]] [[Reactionaryism|Ultraconservatism]]
*[[File:Ultranat.png]] [[Ultranationalism]]
*[[File:WelfChauvin.png]] [[Welfare Chauvinism]]
*<s>[[File:DeficitHawk.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Deficit Hawk]]</s>
}}
[[File:RenovationPron.png]] '''Renovation Peronism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Anrad.png]] [[Anti-Radicalism]]
*[[File:CentristPeronism.png]] [[Peronism|Center-Peronism]]
*[[File:Consti.png]] [[Constitutionalism]]
*[[File:DelibDem.png]] [[Democracy#Deliberative_Democracy|Deliberative Democracy]]
*[[File:Liberal_Democracy.png]] [[Liberalism#Liberal_Democracy|Liberal Democracy]]
*[[File:Progconf.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism]]
*[[File:Repdemgen.png]] [[Democracy#Representative_Democracy|Representative Democracy]]
*[[File:Statist.png]] {{PCBA|Statism}}
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Cdem.png]] [[Christian Democracy]]
*[[File:ChristSocdem.png]] [[Christian_Democracy#Christian_Social_Democracy|Christian Social Democracy]]
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[Peronism|Menemism]]
*[[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism]]
*<s>[[File:Klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy]]</s>
}}
[[File:RepubPron.png]] '''Republican Peronism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Antimultcult.png]] Anti-Immigration
*[[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism]]
*[[File:Econlib.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Economic Liberalism]]
*[[File:FedPron.png]] [[Peronism|Federal Peronism]]
*[[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Peronism|Orthodox Peronism]]
*[[File:Macri.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Macrism]] (sympathetic)
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[Peronism|Menemism]]
*[[File:Nationalconservativeliberalism-icon.png]] [[National Liberalism|National Conservative Liberalism]]
*[[File:Natcon.png]] [[National Conservatism]]
*[[File:Republicanismpix.png]] [[Republicanism]]
}}
[[File:SyndPron.png]] '''Syndicalist Peronism''' {{Collapse|
*[[File:Antiimp.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Imperialism}}
*[[File:ArgNatLab.png]] [[Social Democracy|Argentine Labourism]]
*[[File:SyndieSamChrist.png]] [[Syndicalism|Christian Laborism]] (mostly)
*[[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism]]
*[[File:Natsynd.png]] [[National Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Progconf.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism]]
*[[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism]]
*[[File:3P.png]] Third Positionism
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:AnSynd.png]] [[Anarcho-Syndicalism]]
*[[File:AntiMil.png]] {{PCBA|Pacifism|Anti-Dictatorship}} (CGT-Brasil)
*[[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Conservative Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Fashsynd.png]] [[National Syndicalism|Fascist Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Kirch.png]] [[Peronism|Kirchnerism]] (Yaskyism)
*[[File:KlepSyndie.png]] [[Syndicalism|Labour Cronyism]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism]]
*[[File:LibSyn.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Libertarian Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[Peronism|Menemism]] (Syndicalist Menemism)
*[[File:Modsorelia.png]] [[National Syndicalism|Moderate National Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Moder.png]] [[Moderatism]]
*[[File:PlannedEconomy.png]] [[Regulationism|Planned Economy]]
*[[File:Pragmat.png]] [[Machiavellianism|Pragmatism]]
*[[File:Mil.png]] [[Stratocracy|Pro-Dictatorship]] ([[File:Azopardo.png]] CGT-Azopardo)
*[[File:RevNat.png]] [[Nationalism|Revolutionary Nationalism]]
*[[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Revolutionary Syndicalism]]
*[[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism]]
*[[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism]]
*[[File:UltranatSynd.png]] [[National Syndicalism|Ultranational Syndicalism]] ([[File:OrthPeron.png]] Orthodox)
*[[File:WPD.png]] [[Democracy|Workplace Democracy]] (Legalists)
}}
[[File:Tacuara.png]] '''Tacuarism''' {{Collapse|
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*[[File:Neonazi ball.png]] [[Nazism|Neo-Nazism]]
*[[File:Positive Christianity.png]] [[Positive Christianity]]
*[[File:3P.png]] Third Positionism
*[[File:Ultranat.png]] [[Ultranationalism]]
**'''Factions:'''
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*[[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism]]
*[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism]]
*[[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Peronism|Left-Wing Peronism]]
*[[File:LiberationTheo.png]] [[Liberation Theology]]
*[[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]]
*[[File:Natcom.png]] [[National Communism]]
*[[File:NatTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism|National Terrorism}}
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Guevara.png]] [[Guevarism]]
*[[File:Libmarx.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism#Libertarian Marxism|Libertarian Marxism]]
*[[File:Libsoc.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism]]
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**'''Sympathetic:'''
*[[File:Allende.png]] [[Democratic Socialism|Allendism]]
*[[File:LeftSocdem.png]] [[Social Democracy#Left-Wing Social Democracy|Left-Wing Social Democracy]] (specially to
}}
[[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] '''Triple A''' {{Collapse|
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}}
*[[File:LeftPeronism.png]] '''Left-Peronists''' {{Collapse|
**[[File:
**[[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Juan Atilio Bramuglia]] (1903-1962)
**[[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Luis Gay]] (1903-1988)
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**[[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Gustavo Rearte]] (1931-1973)
**[[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|José Luis Nell]] (1940-1974)
**[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Ramón Ruiz]] (1940-2010)
**[[File:Guevara.png]] [[Guevarism|Envar El Kadri]] (1941-1998)
**[[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Dardo Cabo]] (1941-1977)
**[[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Syndicalism|José Navarro]] (1942-1971)
**[[File:LeftBertPron.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Horacio González]] (1944-2021)
**[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|José Octavio Bordón]] (1945-)
**[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|Alicia Kirchner]] (1946-)
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**[[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Fernando Vaca Narvaja]] (1948-)
**[[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|Hugo Yasky]] (1949-)
**[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|José Luis Gioja]] (1949-)
**[[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] (1950-2010)
**[[File:
**[[File:CFK.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|Cristina Kirchner]] (1953-)
**[[File:Montoneros.png]] <s>[[Left-Wing Nationalism|Carolina Serrano]]</s> (1956-)
**[[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|Walter Wayar]] (1958-)
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**[[File:CultProg.png]] [[Progressivism#Cultural_Progressivism|Mayra Mendoza]] (1983-)
**[[File:Swhf.png]] [[Liberal Socialism|Juan Grabois]] [[File:MarxistHumanism.png]] (1983-)
**[[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|Pedro Rosemblat]] (1990-)
**[[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|Ofelia Fernández]] (2000-)
}}
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**[[File:Pron.png]] [[Religious_Nationalism#Christian_Nationalism|Domingo Mercante]] (1898-1976)
**[[File:Patcon.png]] [[Paternalistic Conservatism|Vicente Solano Lima]] (1901-1984)
**[[File:
**[[File:
**[[File:ChristDemHum.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] (1922-2014)
**[[File:Pron.png]] [[Nationalism|Rubén Marín]] (1934-)
**[[File:JoseJoeBaxter.png]] [[National Bolshevism|José "Joe" Baxter]] (1940-1973)
**[[File:
**[[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Roberto Lavagna]] (1942-)
**[[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Hilda "Chiche" Duhalde]] (1946-)
**[[File:
**[[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Machiavellianism|Rodolfo Galimberti]] [[File:CIA.png]] (1947-2002)
**[[File:AdolfoSaa.png]] [[Nationalism|Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]] (1947-)
**[[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Juan Schiaretti]] (1949-)
**[[File:ChristSocdem.png]] [[Christian Democracy|José Manuel de la Sota]] (1949-2018)
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}}
*[[File:RightPeronism.png]] '''Right-Peronists''' {{Collapse|
**[[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Social Authoritarianism|Vicente Saadi]] (1913-1988)
**[[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Celestino Rodrigo]] (1915-1987)
**[[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] [[Esoteric Fascism|José López Rega]] (1916-1989)
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**[[File:Cdem.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Carlos Ruckauf]] (1944-)
**[[File:ChicagoSchool.png]] [[Chicago School|Roque Fernández]] (1947-)
**[[File:FedPron.png]] [[Nationalism|Alberto Rodríguez Saá]] (1949-)
**[[File:Nationalconservativeliberalism-icon.png]] [[National Liberalism|Juan Carlos Romero]] (1950-)
**[[File:Nationalconservativeliberalism-icon.png]] [[National Liberalism|Miguel Ángel Pichetto]] (1950-)
**[[File:
**[[File:ESME.png]] [[Social_Capitalism#Eco-Social_Market_Economy_(ESME)|Graciela Camaño]] (1953-)
**[[File:SocialConservative.png]] [[Traditionalism|Francisco de Narváez]] (1953-)
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|speaker=[[File:JuanPeron.png]] [[Welfare Chauvinism|Juan]] [[Populism|Pe]][[illiberal Democracy|rón]]
}}
Peronism is a [[File:4way.png]] transversal, [[File:Syncretic.png]] syncretic and [[File:3P.png]] [[Fascism|third-positionist]] political ideology sustained in the [[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] and [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|union-based]] doctrine that was formed around the figure of [[File:JuanPeron.png]] [[Peronism|Juan Domingo Perón]] since the mid-1940s. Peronism defends variable ideals given its [[File:Pop.png]] [[Populism|populist]] and [[File:Pragmat.png]] [[Machiavellianism|pragmatic]] [[File:Econprag.png]] origin, and although it calls itself left-leaning and labourist, it has adopted multiple economic (such as [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democracy]] and [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism|neoliberalism]]), civic (with actions ranging from [[File:Statist.png]] statist to [[File:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] that led it to be compared with [[File:Fash.png]] [[Fascism|fascism]], but at the same time having [[File:LeftBert.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|left-libertarian]] and revolutionary supporters) and cultural (mostly [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|progressive]], but with [[File:Con.png]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] and [[File:React.png]] [[Reactionaryism|reactionary]] factions) frameworks since its creation to adapt to the changing and largely unstable political environment of [[File:Cball-Argentina.png]] Argentina.
The [[File:Pron.png]] "classical" or "historical" Peronism of Perón and Evita is synthesized in the 20 Peronist Truths (or Tenets) and in the principles of [[File:EconNat.png]] [[Protectionism|economic independence]], [[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|social justice]] and [[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism|political sovereignty]], borrowing inspiration from [[File:Mussolini.png]] [[Fascism#Italian_Fascism|Mussolini's Fascism]] and [[File:Hitler.png]] [[Nazism|Hitler's Nazism]] and proposing a [[File:TripartiteCorporatism.png]] [[Corporatism#Class_Collaborationism|corporatist]], [[File:Welf.png]] [[Welfarism|welfarist]], [[File:Econat.png]] [[Eco-Nationalism|environmentalist]], [[File:Protect.png]] [[Protectionism|protectionist]], [[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism|industrialist]], [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicalist and labourist]], [[File:Anticommunism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|anti-communist}} and anti-marxist [[File:Anticommunism2.png]], culturally [[File:Progconf.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism|pragmatic]] (but mostly progressive) and civically [[File:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] socioeconomic system of a [[File:ChristNat.png]][[Religious_Nationalism#Christian_Nationalism|Christian nationalist]] character (although later Perón would find himself confronted to the [[File:Catheo.png]] [[Catholic Theocracy|Catholic Church]] in his second term).
==History==
===The seizure of power by Perón and the origins of Peronism (Proto-Peronism)===
[[File:Peron.2.jpg|thumb|Supporters of Perón on 17 October 1945 on the Plaza de Mayo]]
In the late 1930s, [[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo|"nacionalistas"]] groups gained strength, some of which were oriented towards the idea of the [[File:Econfash.png]] [[Corporatism#Corporate_Statism|corporative state]] model of European fascism, propagated [[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|social justice]] ("''justicia social")'' and found strong approval among the members of the urban industrial proletariat. In the spirit of this political current, which advocated a [[File:3P.png]] [[Fascism|third way]] between [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism|capitalism]] and [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialism]], the nationalist military
With the alliance between the socialist and revolutionary union currents (represented by [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|Juan Atilio Bramuglia]] [[File:Synd.png]], [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|Ángel Borlenghi]] [[File:Synd.png]] and [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Luis Gay]]) and Perón, together with Colonel [[File:Pron.png]] [[Religious_Nationalism#Christian_Nationalism|Domingo Mercante]], already established, a profound reform was developed in terms of labor rights, collective labor agreements and social security. Perón would lead the Department of Labor,
The Argentine economy, deeply affected and in crisis after the Great Depression of 1929, underwent rapid industrialization through [[File:EconNat.png]] [[Protectionism|import-substitution]] and enjoyed large internal migrations from the rural interior to the urban periphery. The quality of life grew enormously and the working class was expanded,
In this period prior to the 1946 elections, the conflict of [[File:Internation.png]] [[Internationalism|Spruille Braden]] [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] with Perón and [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Hortensio Quijano]] (candidate for vice president) would
Braden, as the [[File:Cball-US.png]] United States ambassador in Argentina, developed a great rivalry with Perón that would lead him to be used as the face of
===Perón's first term (1946 to 1952)===
The popularity of Perón, who had risen to vice president, was soon perceived as a threat by the
Through the establishment of a comprehensive welfare state and social reforms that contributed to achieving high social and economic indicators – condensed in the [[File:Industrial.png]] [[Industrialism|''Primer Plan Quinquenal'']] (First Five-Year Plan), an industrialist [[File:Dirigisme.png]] [[State Capitalism|state-planning program]] that sought to guarantee the economic independence of Argentina –, Perón secured broad popular support
Then, as a consequence of the growth of the Peronist movement and union demands, a [[File:Constitution.png]] [[Constitutionalism|Constitutional Reform]] would be carried out to modernize the Argentine Constitution and incorporate [[File:HumanRights.png]] second-generation human rights [[File:Synd.png]]), also describing the [[File:Soccap.png]] [[Social Capitalism|social function of private property]] (subject to the common good) and [[File:Regulationism.png]] [[Regulationism|economic interventionism]] as fundamental.
The economic and social prosperity experimented at the moment, however, began to wane in the wake of a phase of economic weakness initiated in 1949 and continued in the begginings of the 50's, with the ending of the postwar trade surplus. Faced with this productive slowdown, Perón attempted to repproach to the [[File:Cball-US.png]] [[American Model|United States]] and modified his economic plan to reverse the high fiscal deficit (largely as a result of growing public spending and monetary emission) and stagnation. At the end of 1951, with a drought and a drop in agricultural prices, a more orthodox economic team formed by [[File:ModFiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Alfredo Gómez Morales]] and [[File:ChristDemHum.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] set out to rethink its strategies to face the inevitable crisis that was brewing to explode around 1952 – one that until that moment had hit the country with an enormous drop in real wages and record inflation –. Then, Perón brought forward the elections from 1952 to November 1951, achieving re-election by a landside with [[File:Evita.png]] [[National Feminism|Eva Perón]] as vice president (thanks to the support of [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicates]]) and beginning his second term on June 1952, with a high tension between [[File:Pron.png]] [[Peronism|peronists]] and [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] anti-peronists. Before taking office, Perón announces to the country the [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|"''Plan de Emergencia Económica''"]] (Emergency Economic Plan), a mixed austerity plan that incorporated [[File:Neoclassical.png]] [[Chicago School|orthodox-liberal]] economic measures with [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicalist]] ones.
===Perón's second term (1952-1955)===
In 1952, the plan is put into action and there is a sharp
In 1953, the measures of the "''Plan de Emergencia Económica''" were expanded and formalized with the [[File:Industrial.png]] [[Industrialism|"''Segundo Plan Quinquenal''"]] (Second Five-Year Plan), which maintained the orthodox measures but accompanied them with some [[File:RegCap.png]] [[Regulationism|interventionist]] ones, such as the price agreement, a tenacious opposition to speculators and government incentives for the development of the agricultural sector. The stabilization plan began to bear fruit and objectives such as lowering inflation were quickly achieved.
Real wages, however, never increased, and multiple sectors of the economy were affected, earning Perón multiple labor strikes and an increasingly strained relationship with the [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|militar opposition]], which responded violently to the disappearances of oppositors of the government and the devotion that began to take shape around the figure of Perón and his wife, which used to be manifestated through acts commonly denoted as [[File:Cultofpersonality.png]] [[Cultism#Cult_of_Personality|"social indoctrination techniques"]]. These signs of wanting to "Peronize" society (forcing public employees to join the PJ, establishing the reading of books such as La razón de mi vida as mandatory in schools and provincializing la Pampa and Chaco as "Provincia Eva Perón" and "Provincia Presidente Perón", etc) would lead to terrorist acts by [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] anti-Peronists such as the Plaza de Mayo Attack on April 15, 1953, to which Peronist civil groups would respond by burning the headquarters of opposition political parties.
One of the most notable
===Overthrow, Peronist Resistance/Neoperonism (1955 to 1973) and split in the movement===
Finally, in 1955, the civic-military dictatorship self-proclaimed [[File:StratoDictature-Antifurry.png]] [[Stratocracy|"''Revolución Libertadora''"]] (Liberating Revolution), headed by generals [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Eduardo Lonardi]] and [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Pedro Aramburu]], overthrew Perón on September 16, 1955; after a failed attempt on June 16, 1955, where a group of designated soldiers bombed the Casa Rosada and the Plaza de Mayo in hopes of killing Perón. This cicle is marked by a policy of [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] "de-peronization" of society attached to events such as the kidnapping of Evita's corpse and the proscription of Peronism in Lonardi's government; in addition to the ''Levantamiento de Valle'' (Valle's uprising) (failed uprising of the [[File:Pron.png]] [[Nationalism|General Juan José Valle]] against Aramburu's dictatorship) that would lead to the ''Fusilamientos de José León Suárez'' (Executions of José León Suárez) – in which Valle himself and several civilians would be killed) – and the dictatorship to be called "''Revolución Fusiladora''" (Executing Revolution).
In the following years, after Perón fled into exile and the Revolución Libertadora ended in 1958, the presidency rotated between [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|radicals]] and [[File:StratoDictature.png]] [[Stratocracy|military dictators]]. [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Arturo Frondizi]] was the first of them, and he had a broad confrontation with the Peronist sectors due to their economic policy and government acts
In this period of time, from
A new generation of syndicalist leaders would also emerge, the most prominent of them being [[File:Azopardo.png]] [[Syndicalism|Augusto Vandor]] (general secretary of the [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Metallurgical Worker Union]]), who would carry out his own movement (Vandorism) within the Neoperonist current, defending a "Peronism without Perón" that would soon be perceived as a threat by the most [[File:OrthSyndPron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|orthodox]] sectors of Peronist syndicalism and by Perón himself. With Vandor killed in 1969, [[File:OrthSyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|José Ignacio Rucci]] and [[File:OrthSyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Lorenzo Miguel]] (backed by Perón) would continue his legacy, but within the orthodoxy and seeking to unify the [[File:CGT.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT]] before the arrival of Perón.
===Perón's third term===
After the military regime of the "''Revolución Argentina''"
When Perón arrived to the country, the tense relations between the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodox Peronists]] and the [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|"''Tendencia Revolucionaria''"]] (Revolutionary Tendency) led to the "''Masacre de Ezeiza''" (Ezeiza Massacre), a mass murder occurred at the Ezeiza Airport, where both sectors of Peronism gathered to receive their leader. Supporters of [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] revolutionary Peronism were then shot by members of the [[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism|"''Comando de Organización de la Juventud Peronista''"]] (CdO) (Peronist Youth Organization Command), an insurrectionary Peronist organization that rejected both the center-left and center-right factions of Peronism. Perón then ran for president with his wife, [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[
Gelbard enjoyed initial success within the framework of the Social Pact: he diversified the foreign market and achieved the largest trade surplus in Argentinian history, in addition to achieving (virtually) full employment. However, when international inflation unbalanced the fixed prices, a "great national joint meeting" was called to update prices and a [[File:AuthCorp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|corporate black market]] began to emerge due to the hoarding of goods from the business sector. Furthermore, the gigantic fiscal deficit and the artificially low exchange rate caused the loss of international reserves.
The Navarrazo, endorsed by Perón, would then occur in February 1974, with the province of Córdoba being intervened, and [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Ricardo Obregón Cano]] (moderately affiliated with the left-wing of Peronism that threatened the idea of a centralized syndicalism) and [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Atilio López]] removed from power in a police coup led by [[File:PolState.png]] [[Police Statism|Antonio Domingo Navarro]] (chief of the Córdoba police removed by Obregón Cano). This would increase tensions between the Perón government (aligned with [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodoxy]]) and the sectors of revolutionary Peronism ([[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|la Tendencia]], mainly Montoneros), causing a rupture that would be formalized on May 1, 1974. Perón, giving a speech on the occasion of the International Workers' Day, would respond bluntly to the chants of la Tendencia, who would decide to withdraw from the popular demonstration, being indirectly expulsed. Thanks to this, the process of integrating the [[File:YouthPeron.png]] [[Peronism|''Juventud Peronista'']] (JP) (Peronist Youth) as the fourth branch of the Peronist movement would be abandoned, getting that status later.
Perón finally died in July 1, 1974, and Perón's wife, [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Isabel Perón]] (previously vice president), took over the presidency with a deteriorated economic situation and rising inflation. She, advised by López Rega and [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Emilio Massera]], carried out an orthodox economic plan after dismissing Gelbard as minister and favored the persecution of leftist university students through parapolice groups. [[File:Ultramil.png]] [[Stratocracy|Operation Independence]] of 1975 would stand out among these state-terrorist actions, being the first major operation of the [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Dirty War]] that began in 1974; this confrontation would occur in Tucumán between the [[File:StratoHelm.png]] [[Stratocracy|military]] and the [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#Left-Wing_Terrorism|ERP}} guerrilla, constituting the first decree of annihilation.
In her presidency there were a total of 5 Ministers of Economy after Gelbard: [[File:ModFiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Alfredo Gómez Morales]], [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Celestino Rodrigo]], [[File:PatFisCon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Pedro José Bonanni]], [[File:ChristDemHum.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] [[File:Econprag.png]] and [[File:$con.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Emilio Mondelli]]. The most relevant of them, Rodrigo, would be the material author of the [[File:DeficitHawk.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Rodrigazo]]: a program of economic shock, devaluation of the peso and [[File:Tax.png]] tax increase that triggered inflation, produced shortages and provoked an immediate reaction from the [[File:CGT.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT]], which would conduct its first strike towards a Peronist government. Rodrigo and López Rega subsequently resigned from their positions, leaving a crisis that their successors were unable to reverse.
Between September 13 and October 16, 1975, absenting for health reasons, Isabelita designated [[File:ItaloLuder.png]] [[Moderatism|Ítalo Luder]], provisional president of the senate, to exercise executive power. Luder would sign three more decrees of annihilation and would begin a process of [[File:Mil.png]] [[Stratocracy|militarization]] of Argentina, maintaining a notable condescension with the military sector to fight against "subversion" (how the [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#Left-Wing_Terrorism|left-wing guerrillas}} and other revolutionary sectors were called). The idea of an institutional coup would be frustrated with the return of Isabelita to the presidency, who would firmly reject the possibility of resigning and leaving Luder as her successor.
In a panorama of destabilization and an increase in guerrilla activity, and after a failed attempt in 1975, the military coup self-proclaimed [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|"''Proceso de Reorganización Nacional''"]] (National Reorganization Process) was executed in 1976 and [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Isabel Perón]] was arrested.
===Military dictatorship 1976 to 1983===
[[File:Peron.3.jpg|thumb|Violent protests by left-wing, Peronist students in Rosario in 1969 against the banning of the PJ.]]
With the establishment of the National Reorganization Process – as part of the [[File:OperationCondor.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism#Operation Condor|Operation Condor]] – , originally led by [[File:Videla.png]] [[National Capitalism|Jorge Rafael Videla]], [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Emilio Massera]] and [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Orlando Agosti]]; the dictatorship began to
Although at first both [[File:CGT.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT]] supported the [[File:Cball-Falklands.png]] Falklands War, in the disbandment of the dictatorship after the defeat, they joined in a general strike backed by the [[File:Dem.png]] [[Democracy|"''multipartidaria''"]] (multiparty, coordinated political action of the [[File:Pron.png]] [[Peronism|PJ]], [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|UCR]], [[File:Revdemsoc.png]] [[Democratic Socialism|PI]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransigent_Party</ref>, [[File:Cdem.png]] [[Christian Democracy|PDC]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Argentina)</ref> and [[File:EconNat.png]] [[Protectionism|MID]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_and_Development_Movement</ref>) demanding democratic elections and precipitating the fall of the civic-military dictatorship.
===Role in the democratization of Argentina after 1983===
[[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Raúl Alfonsín]], who in the name of the UCR (''Unión Cívica Radical''/Radical Civic Union) defended a [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democratic]] system characterized by [[File:Lib.png]] liberal values and the protection of [[File:LibFoundation.png]] civil liberties, ended up winning the election supported by the bad image that [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Isabel Perón]] had left in the PJ due to her authoritarian acts. Peronism was forced to take a new direction for the election of 1989, that would develop in an internal process known as the "Peronist Renovation" headed by [[File:Menem.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Carlos Menem]] (with a [[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism|federalist]] focus), [[File:Pron.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] (with a [[File:Prog-u.png]] [[Progressivism|"modernizer"]] focus) and [[file:Pron.png]] [[Christian_Democracy#Christian_Social_Democracy|Carlos Grosso]] (with a more [[File:ChristSocdem.png]] [[Christian_Democracy#Christian_Social_Democracy|"social christian" focus]]) in the PJ, with the aim of guiding the party under the democratic ideals that Alfonsín espoused in his campaign and displacing the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodox Peronists]] and the members of [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|la Tendencia]] from their power in the movement and in the trade unions.
==Ideology==
===Twenty Peronist Tenets (or Truths)===
From
# "A true democracy is that one in which the government does what the people want and defends only one interest: the people's."
Line 436 ⟶ 592:
# "A Peronist works for the movement. Whoever, in the name of Peronism, serves an elite or a leader, is a Peronist in name only."
# "For Peronism, there is only one class of person: those who work."
# "
# "For a good Peronist, there is nothing better than another Peronist." (In 1973, after coming back from exile, in a conciliatory attempt, and in order to lessen the division in society, Peron reformed this tenet to: "For an Argentine, there is nothing better than another Argentine.")
# "No Peronist should feel more than what he is, nor less than what he should be. When a Peronist feels more than what he is, he begins to turn into an oligarch."
# "When it comes to political action, the scale of values of every Peronist is:
# "Politics are not an end for us, but
# "The two arms of Peronism are social justice and social
# "Peronism desires national unity and not struggle. It wants heroes, but not martyrs."
# "
# "A government without doctrine is a body without soul. That's why Peronism has a political, economic and social doctrine: Justicialism."
# "Justicialism is a new philosophy of life: simple, practical, of the common people, and profoundly Christian and humanist."
# "As a political doctrine
# "As
# "As a social doctrine
# "
# "We
# "In this land, the best thing we have, is our people."
==Variants==
===[[File:Kirch.png]] Kirchnerism===
[[File:Kirchnerism flag.svg|thumb|220x220px|Flag of Kirchnerism]]
'''Kirchnerism''' is an economically center-left to left-unity and culturally moderate to progressive ideology based on the ideological postulates of the presidencies of [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] (2003-2007) and [[File:
It arose within the crisis of December 2001 in Argentina (a social, economic and political crisis motivated by the slogan "All of them must go!" that caused the resignation of President [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Fernando de la Rúa]] and triggered the rotation of the presidential power until 2003
included in this process 4 Peronist presidents: [[File:RamonPuerta.png]] [[National Liberalism|Ramón Puerta]], [[File:AdolfoSaa.png]] [[Nationalism|Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]], [[File:EduardoCamaño.png]] [[Nationalism|Eduardo Camaño]] and [[File:EduardoDuhalde.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Eduardo Duhalde]]) with the interim presidency of [[File:Pron.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Eduardo Duhalde]] underway, when the [[File:AntiNeoLib.png]] ''Grupo Calafate'' (Calafate Group, a group originally directed by Duhalde and coordinated by [[File:AlbertoFernandez.png]] [[Social Liberalism|Alberto Fernández]] that brought together anti-Menemist sectors and maintained as its main objective to avoid the "re-reelection" of Menem) presented Néstor Kirchner and [[File:Pron.png]] [[Internationalism|Daniel Scioli]] as the presidential ticket, losting the first round by a simple majority of Menem. Menem, wanting to avoid a humiliating defeat predicted for the runoff, withdrew, leaving Néstor Kirchner as president. He was then succeeded by his wife, Cristina Kirchner, in two presidential terms and in a vice presidency in the government of Alberto Fernández.
Kirchnerism can be summarized in the following economic and social
*[[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|State intervention in the economy]];
*[[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism|Industrialization and developmentalism]];
*Accumulation of reserves in the [[File:Central_bank.png]] [[Financialism|Central Bank]];
*Immediate payment of the external debt and the avoidance of its accumulation;
*Fiscal balance to ensure a low fiscal and trade deficit ([https://www.infobae.com/2015/10/23/1763996-la-pesada-herencia-economica-que-deja-cristina-kirchner-pbi-estancado-mas-deuda-y-menos-reservas/ at least in theory]);
Line 473 ⟶ 630:
*[[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|Social justice]] and a tendency to appeal to [[File:Lpop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|left-wing populism]].
======[[File:Kirch.png]] Néstor Kirchner Thought
Néstor Kirchner held center to center-left economic ideals and moderate progressive cultural positions, being in favor of the [[File:Gay.png]] {{PCBA|LGBTism|LGBT}} community and [[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|feminism]], but [[File:Antiabort.png]] opposing abortion. He proposed a more moderate social democratic system than his wife's, focusing on income recovery (doubling the middle class), favoring exports and expressing the need for [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|fiscal balance]].
The presidency of Néstor Kirchner was characterized by a broad and constant GDP growth driven by the 2000's commodities boom together with a fiscal and commercial surplus (the so-called "twin surpluses") and a drop in unemployment and poverty (inflation values increased, however, until the end of his term), the total cancellation of the debt contracted with the [[File:IMF.png]] IMF (which represented the 9% of the total public debt), high exportations, devaluation of the currency through the [[File:Central_bank.png]] [[Financialism|Central Bank]], increase in public services, fiscal balance, opposition to the [[File:Mediastocracy_flair.png]] [[Mediacracy|hegemonic media]] (such as Clarín and La Nación) and an active human rights policy to amend the damages and convict those responsible for the [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|National Reorganization Process]]. With the rebounding economy that he had received after Duhalde's enormous fiscal adjustment, Néstor managed high positive indicators (mainly with Roberto Lavagna as minister of economy) with [[File:MSocdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|moderate social democratic]] measures and ended his term in 2007, supporting his wife in her candidacy for the elections. He finally passed away on October 27, 2010, from a cardiac arrest.
======[[File:
Cristina Kirchner held center-left economic ideals and progressive cultural positions, proposing a [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democratic]] economic scheme with a [[File:Keynes.png]] [[Keynesian School|Keynesian]] and [[File:CLPop.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|left-wing populist]] tendency that defends a greater state intervention in the market compared to Néstor's system. She advocated the approval of [[File:AntiAntiAbortion.png]] {{PCBA|Abortionism|abortion}} as vice president and had a strong affinity for [[File:4WF.png]] [[Feminism#Fourth_Wave_Feminism|feminist movements]]. She is normally referred by her initials "CFK" (Cristina Fernández de Kirchner) and is nicknamed "''la Jefa''" (the Boss).
Line 490 ⟶ 647:
===[[File:Tacuara.png]] Tacuarism===
Tacuarism is an economically [[File:3P.png]]
Its members were originally active in the [[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo|''Unión Nacionalista de Estudiantes Secundarios'']] (Nationalist Union of Secondary Students), a [[File:3P.png]] third position student organization that was a branch of the [[File:Nationalist_Alliance_liberation.png]] [[Nacionalismo|Nationalist Liberation Alliance]]. After separating from them due to their turn to Peronism and opposition to the [[File:Catheo.png]] [[Catholic Theocracy|Church]], they continued their criminal activities with the help of the nationalist sectors of the police and the Armed Forces, who saw in the group a youth force to stop the advance of the [[File:Commie.png]] [[Marxism|"communist danger"]] in Argentine society.
As a political organization, the Tacuara Movement suffered multiple splits and divisions: the new militants were open supporters of [[File:Pron.png]] Peronism, [[File:Leftunity.png]] left-wing ideologies and [[File:Insarch.png]] anarchist ideologies [[File:AnSynd.png]], and many leaders of the movement began a process of ideological transformation towards adverse positions. The two main factions were represented by the priest [[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo|Julio Meinvielle]] and the French anthropologist and former member of the [[File:Waffen_SS.png]] [[Nazism|Waffen-SS]], [[File:Neonazi_ball.png]] [[Nazism#Neo-Nazism|Jacques de Mahieu]]. Mahieu, a vehement supporter of the Peronist movement, encouraged many members of Tacuara to join the Peronist Resistance, a cause rejected by Meinvielle, who impetuously accused the original core of Tacuara of having been led astray by [[File:HegelMarx.png]] [[Marxism|"Marxist deviations"]] and criticized Peronism for remaining neutral with the international climate of the Cold War and refusing to support the [[File:Cball-US.png]] [[American Model|United States]] (the "lesser evil"), which according to him led to the indirect validation of the bloc of [[File:Christophobia.png]] {{PCBA|Christophobia|"anti-Christian"}} nations made up of the [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] Soviet Union and its allies. Meinvielle then founded a parallel [[File:Ultranat.png]] [[Ultranationalism|ultra-nationalist]], [[File:Catheo.png]] [[Catholic Theocracy|ultra-Catholic]] and [[File:Anti-Semitic.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic}} group baptized as the [[File:Ultranatcon.png]] [[Ultranationalism|"Nationalist Restoration Guard"]]. Shortly after, [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Dardo Cabo]] also separated from the movement and founded the [[File:RightPeronism.png]] New Argentina Movement, one of the first right-wing Peronist formations. The biggest rupture, however, was that of the sector headed by [[File:JoseJoeBaxter.png]] [[Nationalism#Anti-Colonial_Nationalism|Joe Baxter]] and [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|José Luis Nell]], who structured the [[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Tacuara Nationalist Revolutionary Movement]] and migrated towards left-wing nationalist ideals close to [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxism]], acquiring an [[File:Anticap.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Capitalism|anti-capitalist}} and [[File:Anti-Catholic.png]] anti-Catholic profile, in opposition to anti-Semitism and with an important connection with
Tacuara began its decline with the exodus of a large part of its members to organizations of the extreme right or Peronist left. Baxter founded the [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism|People's Revolutionary Army (ERP)}}, Nell joined [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Jingoism|FAR-Montoneros]], Cabo joined the [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Vandorist]] movement, while other members ended up collaborating with the [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Triple A}} and the [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] military dictatorship in the 70's. Formally, the Tacuara Nationalist Movement ceased to operate in 1966.
Line 508 ⟶ 665:
===[[File:Menem.png]] Menemism===
Menemism is an economically center-right to right-wing and culturally conservative ideology that comes from the policies of [[File:Menem.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Carlos Menem]] in his two terms (1989-1995 and 1995-1999). It would be represented first in the [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism|''FREJUPO'' (''Frente Justicialista de Unidad Popular'')]] (1989) (Popular Unity Justicialist Front) and then in the [[File:Conlib.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|''Frente por la Lealtad'']] (2003) (Front for Loyalty) as an internal current of Peronism in the JP (Justicialist Party). As an ideology it has been defined as [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism|"neoliberal"]], [[File:Syncpop.png]] [[Populism|"neopopulist"]], [[File:Nalib.png]] [[National Liberalism|nationalist liberal]], [[File:Rpop.png]] [[Right-Wing Populism|right-wing populist]] and [[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] by different Argentine media, and can be understood as a successor to [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodox Peronism]]. Political figures who currently call themselves Menemists are [[File:Nationalconservativeliberalism-icon.png]] [[National Liberalism|Miguel Pichetto]] and his party [[File:RightPeronism.png]] Encuentro Republicano Federal (Federal Republic Encounter), [[File:Menem.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Martín Menem]], among others.
Menemism can be summarized in the following economic and social
*[[File:
*[[File:Globcap.png]] Trade opening, tariff reduction and economic globalization;
*[[File:Fiscon.png]] Fiscal balance (sometimes in [https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1998/98-06/98-06-24/pag13.htm practice], sometimes just in [https://prensaobrera.com/politicas/por-que-menem-esta-en-bancarrota theory]), State reduction and strategic privatizations (a majority of them related to prebendary businessmen and corruption);
Line 518 ⟶ 675:
======Menem's Presidency (1989-1999)======
Menem ran for president, along with [[File:
With Rapanelli in charge, the Menemist government partially adheres to the measures outlined by [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] [[Neoliberalism|John Williamson]] in the [[File:WashingtonConsensus.png]] [[Neoliberalism|Washington Consensus]], achieving the unblocking of [[File:IMF.png]] World Bank credits and managing to convince the entity to support the privatization of several state companies under the State Reform Law, approved in August 1989. The first privatizations were those of the telephone company Entel (with which the Argentine telephone service was modernized, increasing its popularity) and ''Aerolíneas Argentinas'' (Argentinian Airlines), followed by the road network, [[File:Mediastocracy_flair.png]] television channels (except ATC), most of the railway networks and ''Gas del Estado'' (State Gas). Despite the economic income provided by privatizations, a second hyperinflationary cycle could not be avoided, causing Rapanelli to be replaced by [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Erman González]] [[File:Cdem.png]]. He, faced with a huge internal debt due to the discriminated issuance of public securities with high interest rates and non-payment to suppliers and longing to control the rise in prices, would be the architect of the economic shock program [[File:Monet.png]] [[Monetarism|''Plan Bonex'']] ''(BONos EXternos)'' (Bonex Plan) (External Bonds). This price stabilization plan would consist of exchanging all fixed terms (temporary deposit of money in the bank, which it then returns plus the interest generated) for state dollar bonds called "Bonex 89", which matured in 1999, also prohibiting banks from temporarily receiving time deposits. Minister Erman, in his homonymous resolutions (Erman I, Erman II, etc) took multiple measures to accompany this process, liberalizing the exchange market, reducing monetary issuance, public spending and state personnel (suspending tenders, expenses and hiring), shrinking the state administrative apparatus, etc. The impact on Argentines with a fixed term was sharp and caused a general distrust in the people, who would begin to disbelieve in bank savings, as a prelude to the ''Corralito'' in 2001. Even so, inflation decreased and was contained, and a surplus was reached in the trade balance.
Erman González finally submitted his resignation in 1991, after the corruption scandal popularly known as [[File:CronyCap.png]] [[Kleptocracy|"Swiftgate"]], in which he and [[File:StateIlleg.png]] [[Kleptocracy|Emir Yoma]], presidential advisor and brother-in-law of Menem, were involved. It was a complaint presented by the Swift-Armour refrigeration company, later dismissed for lack of evidence, to the United States embassy (which Ambassador [[File:Internation.png]] [[Internationalism|Terence Todman]] supported in a note dedicated to the Argentine government), in which they alleged the reception of requests for bribes so that the State would expedite the release of taxes on the company's products.
[[File:Conlib.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Domingo Cavallo]] would take the reins of the Ministry of Economy by establishing the convertibility law, a scheme that would mark the parity of the dollar with a new currency: the "convertible" peso, which would eliminate the austral from circulation. Liberal economic measures similar to the [[File:
After the re-election of Menem in 1995 with [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Carlos Ruckauf]] as vice president, Cavallo would continue as head of the Ministry of Economy, facing the consequences of the Tequila Effect with high unemployment and underemployment rates, a deindustrialized economy (situation that would be aggravated after he authorized an increase in the internal VAT of 16% to 21%) and other factors that led to the government taking external debt.
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In the 2003 elections, Menem would run for president alongside [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[National Liberalism|Juan Carlos Romero]], seeking the "re-re-election". He would secure a victory in the first round, but finding himself disadvantaged in the runoff and with a predicted defeat, he would end up relegating, leaving [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] as president.
===[[File:FedPron.png]] Federal Peronism [[File:FedPeron-Alt.png]]===
Federal Peronism or Dissident Peronism is a term used to describe a heterogeneous and oscillating group of [[File:Anti-Kirch.png]] non-Kirchnerist leaders who are allied under a [[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism|federal]] profile. It is economically variable (with [[File:EconNat.png]]
[[Protectionism|nationalist/developmentalist]], [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|fiscally conservative]], [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democratic]] and [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Third Way]] factions), culturally [[File:Progconf.png]] [[Progressive Conservatism|progressive conservative]] (with conservative factions) and civically statist.
It originates in the framework of the 2003 elections under the so-called "neolemmas law", which allowed three PJ candidates to run in the general elections to compete against each other, presenting themselves in practice as if they were part of different parties: [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Néstor Kirchner]] (Front for Victory), [[File:Menem.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Carlos Menem]] (Front for Loyalty) and [[File:FedPron.png]] [[Nationalism|Adolfo Rodríguez Saá]] (Popular Movement Front). After Néstor Kirchner won the elections, an opposition Peronism would be formed, with two predominant factions established around Menem and Saá.
The Federal PJ would end up breaking up in 2019, after the dissolution of [[File:Fed.png]] [[Federalism|Alternativa Federal]] (an alliance that brought together figures such as [[File:Nationalconservativeliberalism-icon.png]] [[National Liberalism|Miguel Pichetto]], [[File:CentristPeronism.png]] [[Moderatism|Sergio Massa]], [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Juan Schiaretti]], [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Juan Urtubey]], etc), with Pichetto running as vice president of Mauricio Macri in the elections of the same year, while Massa would join the Frente de Todos to be part of the future government of [[File:AlbertoFernandez.png]] [[Social Liberalism|Alberto Fernández]] and Urtubey would join [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Consenso Federal]] with [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Roberto Lavagna]].
Federal Peronism persists today through parties such as [[File:RepubPron.png]] [[National Liberalism|Encuentro Republicano Federal]] and [[File:3way.png]] [[Third Way|Hacemos por Nuestro País]].
===[[File:OrthPeron.png]] Orthodox Peronism===
Orthodox Peronism, also called National Justicialism, mainly refers to the [[File:RightPeronism.png]] right-wing sector of Peronism fervently opposed to [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|''la Tendencia'']] and any other Marxist or [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] left-wing interpretation of Peron's ideas, sticking to the traditional bases of the movement and reaffirming a [[File:3P.png]] Third Position distanced from both the socioeconomic systems of the [[File:AmericanModel_1.png]] [[American Model|United States]] (Capitalism) and the [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Soviet Union]] (Communism). It has a culturally [[File:Ultracon.png]] [[Reactionaryism|ultra-conservative]] profile and defends a [[File:Natsynd.png]] [[National Syndicalism|national-syndicalist]] and [[File:Econfash.png]] [[Corporatism#Corporate_Statism|corporatist]] system similar to the first Peronism, but turning more openly to [[File:Fash.png]] [[Fascism|fascism]] and incorporating some ideas of a [[File:AntiLibNeoLib.png]] [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] nature while appealing to [[File:Rpop.png]] [[Right-Wing Populism|right-wing populist]] rhetoric to justify ideological aspects like [[File:Anti-Semitic.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitism}} and conspiracy theories related to a [[File:Esosoc.png]] [[Esoteric Socialism|"Marxist synarchy"]]. It also strongly adheres to the fundamentalism of the 20 Peronist Truths and advocates a "revisionist" nationalism in its historical reading.
As an ideology it was strongly verticalist in the Peronist Resistance, rejecting both the revolutionary and leftist currents of Peronism (a long conflict that would be consummated in the Ezeiza massacre) and the more "dialoguist" (in favor of negotiating with dictatorships and the radical civil governments until the return of Perón, such as [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Vandorism]]) or reconciling sectors of Neoperonism, maintaining an unrestricted loyalty to Perón. After participating as a fundamental faction in syndicalism during the Peronist Resistance, orthodox Peronism would take on great importance in Perón's third term and in the subsequent presidency of [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Isabel Perón]] with [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] [[Esoteric Fascism|José López Rega]].
===[[File:Montoneros.png]] Tendencia Revolucionaria===
"''Tendencia Revolucionaria''" (Revolutionary Tendency) or Revolutionary Peronism is the name given to the leftist and insurrectional sector of Peronism, formed gradually between the 60s and 70s. With economically left to extreme left (factions) and culturally progressive stances, it interprets Peronism as a nationalist variant of [[File:Christsoc.png]] [[Christian Socialism|Christian socialism]] molded to the Argentine cultural context and advocates [[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism|armed struggle]] and other [[File:NatTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#National_Terrorism|combative stances}} – such as the planting of bombs known as "caños" –, as legitimate strategies for its defense. It is in addition of a strong nationalist, [[File:Antiimp.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Imperialism|anti-imperialist}} and [[File:Anti-Elitism.png]] anti-oligarchic thought, holding national liberation and the construction of a [[File:Leftnat.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|"nationalist socialism"]] as its main objectives.
''La Tendencia'' gained importance during the Peronist resistance period, fighting for the return of Peron and facing the civil-military dictatorships prior to [[File:TioCampora.png]] [[Social Democracy#Left-Social_Democracy|Héctor Cámpora's]] government, with whom they also established a strong relationship in his government by promoting the creation of agrarian and educational reforms, the rise in real wages, industrialization of the interior of the country and the union of Argentina to the [[File:NAM.png]] Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Due to its leftist and radical ideology, his followers began to be attacked by the most [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|"orthodox"]] sectors of Peronism, culminating in the infamous "Ezeiza massacre", an event that corresponds to Peron's definitive return to Argentina and implied the repression and death of multiple revolutionary Peronists at the hands of "orthodox" armed groups.
''La Tendencia'' was made up of [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Montoneros]] and [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#Left-Wing_Terrorism|FAR}}, as core guerrilla organizations, and also by others terrorist formations, such as the [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#Left-Wing_Terrorism|Peronist Armed Forces}}.
===[[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] Triple A===
The "Triple A" (Argentine Anticommunist Alliance) was a far-right parapolice terrorist organization of [[File:Fash.png]] [[Fascism|fascist]], [[File:Pron.png]] Peronist (but some of its leaders, such as [[File:PolState.png]] [[Police Statism|Alberto Villar]] and [[File:PolState.png]] [[Police Statism|Luis Margaride]], were [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] anti-Peronists), [[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism|traditionalist]] and [[File:Anticommunism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|anti-communist}} ideals that arose in Argentina during the third presidency of Perón, and in the subsequent government of [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Nationalism|Isabel Perón]], after [[File:Esofash.png]] [[Esoteric Fascism|José López Rega]] was appointed as Minister of Social Welfare under [[File:
López Rega coordinated the Triple A with the help of Villar (who was responsible for converting the original organization of López Rega into a parastatal death squad), Margaride and others such as [[File:Pron.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Julio Yessi}}, [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Aníbal Gordon}} and [[File:PolState.png]] [[Police Statism|Juan Ramón Morales]], with the aim of persecuting individuals classified as "''zurdos''" ([[File:Leftunity.png]] leftists, that ranged from members of [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|''la Tendencia'']] and [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] left-wing Peronists in general to [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxists]], [[File:Socdem.png]] [[Social Democracy|social democrats]], [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|radicals]], [[File:Gay.png]] {{PCBA|LGBTism|LGBT}} people, [[File:Fem.png]] [[Feminism|feminists]] and supporters of the [[File:LiberationTheo.png]] [[Liberation Theology|liberation theology]]). He had the support of Perón (although his exact level of involvement is debated, it is accepted that he was aware of the Triple A operations and even participated in the drafting and signing of a classified document declaring war against the "Marxist infiltrators" in the Peronist movement), the Italian anti-communist lodge [[File:Anticommunism.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|"Propaganda Due"}} and the [[File:CIA.png]] CIA, having solid contact with Ambassador [[File:RepubUS.png]] {{PCBA|American Republicanism|Robert Hill}}, and engaging with the Triple A in the perpetration of acts of terrorism, torture, and kidnappings corresponded to a process of "internal purification" in the Peronist movement. López Rega was also known as "el Brujo" (the Warlock) due to his affinity with [[File:Esofash.png]] [[Esoteric Fascism|esotericism]].
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The activities of the Triple A began to dissipate when in 1975, after the resignation of López Rega due to the violent reactions to the economic plan of the then Minister of Economy [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|Celestino Rodrigo]] (the "Rodrigazo", an economic adjustment plan that caused a huge rise in inflation and shortages, in addition to strong opposition from the unions), squadrons of grenadiers (of the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers "General San Martín") raided the presidential headquarters and extracted an entire arsenal of weapons, forcing López Rega into exile in Spain after an emergency decree was signed to declare him an itinerant ambassador. With Isabel Perón in solitude, the [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|National Reorganization Process]] proceeded and López Rega alternated destinations after multiple extradition requests, until he finally surrendered in Miami, being arrested by FBI agents and dying in Argentina on June 9, 1982, awaiting his sentence.
===[[File:
"Syndicalist Peronism" or "union Peronism" is what the third branch of Peronism is called: the [[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicalist]], considered the backbone of the movement. It is an ambiguous current, but predominantly left-wing economically (identified with [[File:AnSynd.png]] [[Anarcho-Syndicalism|anarcho-syndicalism]] and [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|revolutionary syndicalism]]) and socially progressive. It revolves around the figure of [[File:JuanPeron.png]] [[Peronism|Juan Domingo Perón]] as the "first worker", defending the union of the workforce, the establishment of unions that protect the interests of workers and a State that guarantees the rights of workers as a fundamental part of [[File:Pron.png]] [[Peronism|Peronism]].
It finds its roots in the [[File:ArgNatLab.png]] [[National Syndicalism|nationalist-laborist]] expression (to which union leaders such as [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|Alcides Montiel]], [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|Lucio Bonilla]], [[File:Trot.png]] [[Trotskyism|Cipriano Reyes]] and [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|Ángel Perelman]] joined) that preceded Peronism and in the alliance that the unified CGT (after the intervention and dissolution of the CGT No. 2 for supporting communist ideals considered "extreme") sought with the pro-union sectors of the military government of the Revolution of '43, and has been substantial for the birth, maintenance and general structure of the movement; being mostly represented by the modern [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT]].
After an essential participation in Perón's first government (promoting the October 17 march and the constitutional reform of '49, catapulting Evita to the vice presidency, forming a union state in Chaco, etc.), Peronist syndicalism would receive a hard blow with the Liberating Revolution of 1955. The Aramburu government would intervene in the unions, replacing them with anti-Peronist "''comandos civiles'' ("civil commandos"), and after a failed "''Congreso Normalizador''" (Normalizing Congress), the CGT would suffer its first fracture, dividing into two groups:
*[[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|62 Organizations]]: opposed to the dictatorship, of Peronist ideals and initially with communist members (who would later separate).
*[[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|32 Democratic Guilds]]: of anti-Peronist and independent ideals, with radical and socialist members.
The regional CGT of Córdoba, which at that time was the only one over which its workers had control, would organize the historic "''Programa de La Falda''" (Program of La Falda) in 1957, where they would define the [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|labor movement]] as favorable towards the [[File:Antiimp.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Imperialism|anti-imperialist}} ideas of the national liberation movements (aligned with the [[File:NAM.png]] NAM and the Third World) and as supporter of a [[File:PlannedEconomy.png]] [[State Socialism|planned state economy]] with strong participation of unions. As a result of this, a new generation of Peronist syndicalist leaders would emerge, among whom were included: [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Augusto Vandor]] (UOM), [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Andrés Framini]] (AOT), [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Amado Olmos]] (Health) and [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Atilio López]] (Urban Collective Transport).
The national Peronist syndicalism, contained in the 62 Organizations, would be affected by another internal breakdown with Perón in exile:
*[[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|Orthodox]] (called "authentic" in Córdoba): in favor of an internal vertical association (movement conducted by a leader), [[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism|traditionalist]] and intransigent that responds directly to Perón's ideas, rejecting dialogue with other syndicalist currents. Represented by the 62 standing with Perón and supported by Perón himself during his exile. Led by [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|José Alonso]].
*[[File:WPD.png]] [[Syndicalism|Legalists]]: opposed to orthodox verticalism, [[File:Moder.png]] [[Moderatism|moderate]] and [[File:Pragmat.png]] [[Machiavellianism|pragmatic]], in favor of dialogue with other syndicalist currents and an institutional (legal) syndicalism independent of Perón. Represented by the "Loyal to Perón"/62 Vandorists and with an internal distinction between the [[File:WPD.png]] [[Democracy|democratic]] legalists and the [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Vandorists]] (collaborationists, participacionists and "dialogists" with the dictatorship, in favor of a Peronism without Perón with Vandor as leader). Led by [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Augusto Vandor]].
By 1963, after the political system collapsed with a coup against [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Arturo Frondizi]], who had applied the [[File:AuthNat.png]] [[Authoritarianism|CONINTES]] (Internal State Commotion) plan to justify a repressive regime against [[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicalism]] and also defend himself from certain [[File:LeftTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism#Left-Terrorism|left-wing guerrillas}}, the CGT would be normalized under the presidency of [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Arturo Illia]]. He, however, would maintain a conflictive position with syndicalism; and when he was overthrown in 1966, the dictatorship of the [[File:StratoOligarchy.png]] [[Stratocracy|"Argentine Revolution"]] would receive support from both factions of the national CGT (which the CGT Córdoba would oppose), until another internal discord would occur, grouping [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Peronist syndicalism]] into two main factions:
*[[File:Azopardo.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT-Azopardo]]: [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|pro-dictatorship]] (participationism and collaborationism with the military government), composed of [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Vandorists]], [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|orthodox Alonsists]] (from José Alonso) and [[File:WPD.png]] [[Machiavellianism|legalists of Córdoba]] [[File:Mach.png]].
*[[File:LibSyn.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT of the Argentines]]: [[File:AntiMil.png]] {{PCBA|Pacifism|anti-dictatorship}} (in favor of [[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|social justice]], [[File:RevNat.png]] [[Nationalism|popular sovereignty]] and [[File:Nation.png]] [[Nationalism|national unity]], rejecting any type of negotiation or cooperation with the dictatorship), composed of independent Ongarists (from [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Raimundo Ongaro]]) and [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|orthodox/authentic of Córdoba]] [[File:Modsorelia.png]], in addition to well-known artists such as [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|Rodolfo Walsh]].
Between 1969 and 1971, the Cordobazo and the Viborazo occurred, and Vandor was also murdered in the so-called "Operation Judas." The idea of a "Peronism without Perón" would then be discarded, but collaborationist practices would persist within the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|Peronist syndicalist orthodoxy]] (mainly thanks to [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Rogelio Coria]]) and the [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|62 Organizations]] would be unified under the leadership of [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|José Ignacio Rucci]]; with [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Lorenzo Miguel]] remaining in charge of the UOM. The tensions between the different factions of the CGT Córdoba would not cease, however.
[[File:WPD.png]] [[Syndicalism|Legalists]] and [[File:Leftunity.png]] [[Socialism|independents]] (not-Peronists leftists) would finally reach an agreement to which the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|orthodox]] would not adhere, withdrawing to approach the national Peronist syndicalism and leaving the CGT Córdoba in the hands of legalist pluralism and independent "''combativismo''" ("combativism"). Rucci and Miguel would then ally themselves with the orthodox in the hope of unifying all the workers' confederations into a single CGT, counting on the adhesion of the workers of the dissolved [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Sitrac-Sitram]] ("clasistas" or "classist" unions of Córdoba, of the revolutionary left, opposed to the dictatorship and from the Concord and Materfer companies).
Rucci would be assassinated by Montoneros in 1973 in what would be called "Operation Traviata", and with Perón in his third presidency, the government would persecute combative and [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|revolutionary syndicalism]]. Perón would reform the union laws to establish a central, vertical and unified syndicalism while the conflict between [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[National Syndicalism|orthodox]] and [[File:WPD.png]] [[Syndicalism|legalists]] persisted, which would lead to a campaign of terror by the [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Peronism|Peronist Right]] (mainly the [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Triple A}} and finally to the Navarrazo. With the other syndicalist currents persecuted, the orthodox would gain control of the CGT until Perón's death in 1974, when [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Kakistocracy|Isabel Perón]] would take over and discard the union policy of the [[File:Soccorp.png]] [[Corporatism#Social_Corporatism|Social Pact]] to implement the Rodrigazo. Syndicalist Peronism would respond with multiple strikes, the situation calming down only with the appointment of [[File:ChristDemHum.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] as Minister of Economy; while the [[File:Corp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|large business groups]], on the other hand, would call for an employer lock-out that would promote forms of [[File:AuthCorp.png]] [[Corporatocracy|"economic subversion"]].<ref>https://www.global-regulation.com/translation/argentina/140275186/economic-subversion-law-20840---derogation---full-text-of-the-norm.html</ref>
With the [[File:NationalReorganizationProcess.png]] [[Stratocracy|National Reorganization Process]] in control of the country, union leaders would be disappeared or arrested and the unions would be intervened, while José Martínez de Hoz carried out an [[File:Antisynd.png]] anti-syndicalist and gradualist economic plan inspired in part by the [[File:ChicagoSchool.png]] [[Chicago School|Chicago School]] and other [[File:New-Neoclassical.png]] [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] tendencies. Collective bargaining was suspended and labor rights were settled, with the CGT intervening and forcing syndicalism to reorganize into two sectors:
*[[File:AntiMil.png]] {{PCBA|Pacifism|Confrontationism}}: confronted to the dictatorship, concentrated in the Commission of "the 25" and then in the CUTA (Conducción Única de los Trabajadores Argentinos) (Single Leadership of Argentine Workers) and the CGT-Brasil. Led by [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Saúl Ubaldini]].
*[[File:Mil.png]] [[Stratocracy|Dialoguism]]: in favor of dialoguing and negotiating with the dictatorship, concentrated in the CNT and then in the CGT-Azopardo. Led by [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] [[Syndicalism|Jorge Triaca Sr]].
The CGT, having joined the [[File:SocGlob.png]] [[Social Democracy|ICFTU]] (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions), received help from this organization and from others such as the [[File:SyndieSamChrist.png]] [[Syndicalism|WCL]] (World Confederation of Labor). However, the [[File:ProlIntern.png]] [[Internationalism|WFTU]] (World Federation of Trade Unions) would remain neutral in this regard due to the strong commercial relationship between the [[File:Cball-USSR.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Soviet Union]] and the military dictatorship of [[File:Videla.png]] [[National Capitalism|Jorge Videla]] and [[File:RobertoEduardoViola.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism|Roberto Viola]].
The CGT-Brazil, despite its anti-dictatorship stance, would support the [[File:Cball-Falklands.png]] Falklands War under a patriotic vision, until the defeat and fall of the military government; it would then be that both [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|CGT]] (Brasil and Azopardo) would carry out a historic general strike to demand democratic elections. This would finally be achieved in 1983, with the victory of Alfonsín, who as a campaign strategy would denounce a "military-union" pact and oppose the Peronist unions in his presidency, sending a union law without consulting the Peronist syndicalism. The unions would respond with 13 consecutive strikes, forcing him to negotiate with them.
With Menem's victory in 1989, the CGT, surprised by its economic turnaround, would divide into a total of 4 groups:
*[[File:SyndMenem.png]] [[Syndicalism|Syndicalist Menemism]]: in favor of Menem's liberal measures and cooperating with him. Led by [[File:Menem.png]] [[Syndicalism|Luis Barrionuevo]].
*[[File:FatOnes.png]] [[Syndicalism|The Fat Ones]]: in favor of negotiating without confronting him openly. Composed by service unions who today support [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|Héctor Daer]].
*[[File:MoyanoCamioneros.png]] [[Syndicalism|MTA-Moyano]]: in favor of confronting him without breaking the CGT. Led by [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Hugo Moyano]], [[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|Alicia Castro]] y [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|Juan Manuel Palacios]] in the MTA (Movimiento de los Trabajadores Argentinos) (Argentine Workers Movement), which would later be divided into the MTA-Moyano and Núcleo del MTA (MTA's Core).
*[[File:SyndPron.png]] [[Syndicalism|The CTA]]: in favor of confronting it by creating a new union center. Led by Peronist-Christians who created the CTA (Argentine Workers' Central Union), which in the future would be divided into the CTA-A (Autonomous, "maintaining" the autonomy of the CTA, led by [[File:Synd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Hugo Godoy]]) and the CTA-T (Workers, with kirchnerist ideals, led by [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Left-Wing Populism|Hugo Yasky]])
All these historical currents (except the MTA) would be maintained from the Kirchnerist presidencies, also emerging the trend of [[File:MoyanoCamioneros.png]] [[Syndicalism|"Aligned to Moyano"]] (from the leadership of Hugo and [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|Pablo Moyano]]).
===[[File:LibertarianPeronism.png]] Libertarian Peronism [[File:LeftBertPron.png]]===
Libertarian Peronism is an umbrella term that encompasses the most anti-authoritarian and anti-bureaucratic expressions of the Peronist movement that claim the libertarian filaments of Perón, as a "driver of disorder" and supporter of the "State as a slave of the people", and adhere to his ideas under pragmatic reasons. Although it is usually used for satirical purposes, it is a term that can be attributed to the most radical Menemists such as [[File:Anconlib.png]] [[Anarcho-Conservatism|Jorge Castro]] and left-wing libertarians such as [[File:Libsoc.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Horacio González]] and multiple members of [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|la Tendencia]]. It can be summarized in three main trends: [[File:LibertarianPeronism.png]] [[Libertarianism|Right-Wing Libertarian Peronism]], [[File:LeftBertPron.png]] [[Libertarian Socialism|Left-Wing Libertarian Peronism]] and [[File:AnPron.png]] [[Anarchism|Anarcho-Peronism]].
*[[File:LibertarianPeronism.png]] [[Libertarianism|Right-Wing Libertarian Peronism]] is an economically center-right (wants a kind of [[File:Soccap.png]] [[Social Capitalism|social market economy]]) and culturally [[File:Syncretic.png]] syncretic internal current of Peronism proposed by [[File:LibertarianPeronism.png]] [[Social Libertarianism|Daniel Montoya]] that defends the use of the Peronist political structure and movement for the expansion of [[File:Libertarian.png]] [[Libertarianism|libertarianism]] in Argentina. It seeks to join both [[File:Libertarian.png]] [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] and [[File:Clib.png]] [[Classical Liberalism|classical liberal]] movements as a kind of "Peronist leg" and transfer Peronist militants to them. Libertarian Peronism opposes [[File:Kirch.png]] [[Social Democracy|Kirchnerism]] and the [[File:Montoneros.png]] [[Left-Wing Nationalism|''Tendencia Revolucionaria'']], and derives from a moderate sector of [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Nationalism|orthodox Peronism]], of affinity with [[File:Menem.png]] [[Conservative Liberalism|Menemism]]. It supports a tax cut on the working class, the reduction of the State in favor of the expulsion of the [[File:Klep.png]] [[Kleptocracy|"political caste"]] and the fight against corruption, the liberalization of the external market to attract foreign capital and the shortening of regulations in the economy to facilitate the development of SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises), while maintaining certain regulations.
==Personality==
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*[[File:WelfChauvin.png]] [[Welfare Chauvinism]] - "Keeping books on social aid is capitalistic nonsense".
*[[File:Community.png]] [[Communitarianism]] - An organized community!
*[[File:Econat.png]] [[Eco-Nationalism]]
*[[File:Long.png]] [[Longism]] - Pretty much my American equivalent.
*[[File:National_Distributism.png]] [[Distributism#National_Distributism|National Distributism]] - It seems that there is no disagreement of any kind between us, a pleasure to consider you an ally.
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===Enemies===
*[[File:AmericanModel_1.png]] [[American Model]] & [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]] - Ni yanquis ni marxistas, ¡peronistas!
*[[File:necon.png]] [[Neoconservatism]] - YOU
*[[File:Authcap.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism]] - Right-wing dictatorships destroyed our country.
*[[File:Austrobert.png]] [[Austrian School]] - Your ideas don't correspond to reality. Economically you are in the [https://www.c5n.com/politica/guillermo-moreno-en-terminos-economicos-milei-esta-la-edad-del-pavo-n112708 ''edad del pavo''].
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*[[File:Native.png]] [[Indigenism]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFv8XYNcpbQ ¡Balas originarias para esos pueblos originarios!]
*[[File:Macrigato.png]] [[Liberal Conservatism|Macrism]] - ¡¡MACRI GATO!! YOU GOT US IN DEBT FOR 100 YEARS.
*[[File:Lennon.png]] [[Utopian Socialism|Lennonism]] - "I don't like the Beatles! No! Please! How am I going to like those hideous long-haired men!? How am I going to like those troglodyte squabs!?".
*[[File:Demsocstar.png]] [[Democratic Socialism]] - Enough chatter! You are going through the clouds of Úbeda!
==Further Information==
===Literature===
*[https://docs.google.com/document/d/126z7hHu6seYGm_GFpa0tkCu8BINkx8r1ZD35w3lkmLE/edit Organized Community] by [[File:JuanPeron.png]] Juan Domingo Perón
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===Wikipedia===
*[[File:Pron.png]] [[w:Peronism|Peronism]]
*[[w:Justicialist Party|Justicialist Party]]
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*[[File:Isabelita.png]] [[w:Isabel Perón|Isabel Perón]]
*[[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[w:Orthodox_Peronism|Orthodox Peronism]]
*[[File:FedPron.png]] [[w:Federal_Peronism|Federal Peronism]] [[File:
*[[File:RenovationPron.png]] [[w:Peronism#Renovation_Peronism|Renovation Peronism/Peronist Renovation]]
*[[File:Neo-Peron.png]] [[w:Peronism#Neo-Peronism|Neo-Peronism/Vandorism]] [[File:Azopardo.png]]
*[[File:Menem.png]] [[w:Menemism|Menemism]]
*[[File:Biondini.png]] [[w:New_Triumph_Party|New Triumph Party]] & [[w:Patriot_Front_(Argentina)|Patriot Front]] (Biondinism)
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===Website===
*[https://www.evitaperon.org/index.htm Evita's Official Website]
*[https://www.pj.org.ar/ Justicialist Party Website]
===Videos===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f28Ber3NFmY Juan Perón: The Leader of Justicialism | A Revolutionary Figure in Argentine Politics | 1946 - 1974] by TheJayLino (best explanation)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rndAJTQBET8/ What is Peronism?] by [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUzmizB92LJ9oxf5T_snZNA/ BadEmpanada]
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