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[[File:Synd.png|link=:Category:Syndicalists]] [[:Category:Syndicalists|{{Color|#FF0000|'''Syndicalists'''}}]]<br>
[[File:Pop.png|link=:Category:Populists]] [[:Category:Populists|{{Color|#141414|{{Glow|'''Populists'''|#FFFFFF}}}}]]<br>
[[File:RevNat.png|link=:Category:Revolutionary Nationalist]] [[:Category:Revolutionary Nationalist|{{Color|#FF9900|'''Revolutionary Nationalists'''}}]]<br>
[[File:Syncretic.png|link=:Category:Syncretic]] [[:Category:Syncretic|{{Color|#F9BBBB|'''Sy'''}}{{Color|#93DAF8|'''nc'''}}{{Color|#C8E4BC|'''re'''}}{{Color|#F5F4AB|'''tic'''}}]]<br>
'''Variants''' {{Collapse|
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*[[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism]]
*[[File:Natcom.png]] [[National Communism]]
*[[File:NatTerrorist.png]] {{PCBA|Terrorism|National Terrorism}}
**'''Factions:'''
*[[File:Guevara.png]] [[Guevarism]]
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==History==
===The seizure of power by Perón and the origins of Peronism (Proto-Peronism)===
[[File:Peron.2.jpg|thumb|Supporters of Perón on 17 October 1945 on the Plaza de Mayo]]
In the late 1930s, [[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo|"nacionalistas"]] groups gained strength, some of which were oriented towards the idea of the [[File:Econfash.png]] [[Corporatism#Corporate_Statism|corporative state]] model of European fascism, propagated [[File:Socjust.png]] [[Progressivism#Social_Justice|social justice]] ("''justicia social")'' and found strong approval among the members of the urban industrial proletariat. In the spirit of this political current, which advocated a [[File:3P.png]] [[Fascism|third way]] between [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism|capitalism]] and [[File:Soc-h.png]] [[Socialism|socialism]], the nationalist military personnel of the [[File:Nacionalismo.png]] [[Nacionalismo|Grupo de Oficiales Unidos (GOU)]] staged a coup named "Revolution of '43" against the ruling regime of [[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism|Ramón Castillo]], the last of the de facto presidents of the [[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism|"''Década Infame''"]] (Infamous Decade), a period that began after the overthrow of [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|President Hipólito Yrigoyen]] and that was characterized by promoting a [[File:Conservative.png]] [[Conservatism|conservative]], [[File:IllibDem.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|fraudulent]] and [[File:Reactcross.png]] [[Reactionaryism|reactionary]] model based on [[File:Econfash.png]] [[Corporatism#Corporate_Statism|corporatist]] and [[File:Statist.png]] {{PCBA|Statism|statist}} principles. [[File:JuanPeron.png]] [[Peronism|Juan Domingo Perón]], accompanying [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Arturo Rawson]], [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Pedro Ramírez]] and [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Edelmiro Farrell]], participated in this coup as a junior officer.
With the alliance between the socialist and revolutionary union currents (represented by [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|Juan Atilio Bramuglia]] [[File:Synd.png]], [[File:LeftPeronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|Ángel Borlenghi]] [[File:Synd.png]] and [[File:RevSynd.png]] [[Syndicalism|Luis Gay]]) and Perón, together with Colonel [[File:Pron.png]] [[Religious_Nationalism#Christian_Nationalism|Domingo Mercante]], already established, a profound reform was developed in terms of labor rights, collective labor agreements and social security. Perón would lead the Department of Labor,
The Argentine economy, deeply affected and in crisis after the Great Depression of 1929, underwent rapid industrialization through [[File:EconNat.png]] [[Protectionism|import-substitution]] and enjoyed large internal migrations from the rural interior to the urban periphery. The quality of life grew enormously and the working class was expanded,
In this period prior to the 1946 elections, the conflict of [[File:Internation.png]] [[Internationalism|Spruille Braden]] [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] with Perón and [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Hortensio Quijano]] (candidate for vice president) would
Braden, as the [[File:Cball-US.png]] United States ambassador in Argentina, developed a great rivalry with Perón that would lead him to be used as the face of the [[File:AmericanModel_1.png]] [[American Model|American opposition]].
===Perón's first term (1946 to 1952)===
The popularity of Perón, who had risen to vice president, was soon perceived as a threat by the
Through the establishment of a comprehensive welfare state and social reforms that contributed to achieving high social and economic indicators – condensed in the [[File:Industrial.png]] [[Industrialism|''Primer Plan Quinquenal'']] (First Five-Year Plan), an industrialist [[File:Dirigisme.png]] [[State Capitalism|state-planning program]] that sought to guarantee the economic independence of Argentina –, Perón secured broad popular support
Then, as a consequence of the growth of the Peronist movement and union demands, a [[File:Constitution.png]] [[Constitutionalism|Constitutional Reform]] would be carried out to modernize the Argentine Constitution and incorporate [[File:HumanRights.png]] second-generation human rights [[File:Synd.png]]), also describing the social function of private property (subject to the common good) and economic interventionism as fundamental.
The economic and social prosperity experimented at the moment, however, began to wane in the wake of a phase of economic weakness initiated in 1949 and continued in the begginings of the 50's, with the ending of the postwar trade surplus. Faced with this productive slowdown, Perón attempted to repproach to the United States and modified his economic plan to reverse the high fiscal deficit (largely as a result of growing public spending and monetary emission) and stagnation. At the end of 1951, with a drought and a drop in agricultural prices, a more orthodox economic team formed by [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Nationalism|Alfredo Gómez Morales]] and [[File:Pron.png]] [[Christian Democracy|Antonio Cafiero]] set out to rethink its strategies to face the inevitable crisis that was brewing to explode around 1952; one that until that moment had hit the country with an enormous drop in real wages and record inflation. Then, Perón brought forward the elections from 1952 to November 1951, achieving re-election by a landside with Eva Perón as vice president (thanks to the support of syndicates) and beginning his second term on June 4, 1952, with a high tension between peronists and antiperonists. Before taking office, Perón announces to the country the [[File:Fiscon.png]] [[Fiscal Conservatism|"''Plan de Emergencia Económica''"]] (Emergency Economic Plan), a mixed austerity plan that incorporated [[File:Neoclassical.png]] [[Chicago School|orthodox-liberal]] economic measures with [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|syndicalist]] ones.
===Perón's second term (1952-1955)===
In 1952, the plan is put into action and there is a sharp
In 1953, the measures of the "''Plan de Emergencia Económica''" were expanded and formalized with the [[File:Industrial.png]] [[Industrialism|"''Segundo Plan Quinquenal''"]] (Second Five-Year Plan), which maintained the orthodox measures but accompanied them with some [[File:RegCap.png]] [[Regulationism|interventionist]] ones, such as the price agreement, a tenacious opposition to speculators and government incentives for the development of the agricultural sector. The stabilization plan began to bear fruit and objectives such as lowering inflation were quickly achieved.
Real wages, however, never increased, and multiple sectors of the economy were affected, earning Perón multiple labor strikes and an increasingly strained relationship with the [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|militar opposition]], which responded violently to the disappearances of oppositors of the government and the devotion that began to take shape around the figure of Perón and his wife, which used to be manifestated through acts commonly denoted as [[File:Cultofpersonality.png]] [[Cultism#Cult_of_Personality|"social indoctrination techniques"]]. These signs of wanting to "Peronize" society (forcing public employees to join the PJ, establishing the reading of books such as La razón de mi vida as mandatory in schools and provincializing la Pampa and Chaco as "Provincia Eva Perón" and "Provincia Presidente Perón", etc) would lead to terrorist acts by anti-Peronists such as the Plaza de Mayo Attack on April 15, 1953, to which Peronist civil groups would respond by burning the headquarters of opposition political parties.
One of the most notable
===Overthrow, Peronist Resistance/Neoperonism (1955 to 1973) and split in the movement===
Finally, in 1955, the civic-military dictatorship self-proclaimed [[File:StratoDictature-Antifurry.png]] [[Stratocracy|"''Revolución Libertadora''"]] (Liberating Revolution), headed by generals [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Eduardo Lonardi]] and [[File:Strato.png]] [[Stratocracy|Pedro Aramburu]], overthrew Perón on September 16, 1955; after a failed attempt on June 16, 1955, where a group of designated soldiers bombed the Casa Rosada and the Plaza de Mayo in hopes of killing Perón. This cicle is marked by a policy of [[File:Anti-Peronism.png]] "de-peronization" of society attached to events such as the kidnapping of Evita's corpse and the proscription of Peronism in Lonardi's government.
In the following years, after Perón fled into exile, the presidency rotated between [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|radicals]] and [[File:StratoDictature.png]] [[Stratocracy|military dictators]]. [[File:Argrad.png]] [[Radicalism|Arturo Frondizi]] was the first of them, and had a broad confrontation with the Peronist sectors due to their economic policy and government acts
In this period of time, from
In this period of time a new generation of union leaders would emerge, the most prominent of them being [[File:RightPeronism.png]] [[Syndicalism|Augusto Vandor]] [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] (general secretary of the Metallurgical Worker Union), who would carry out his own movement (Vandorism) within the Neoperonist current, defending a "Peronism without Perón" that would soon be perceived as a threat by the most orthodox sectors of Peronist syndicalism and by Perón himself, until his death in 1969. With Vandor deceased, José Ignacio Rucci and Lorenzo Miguel (backed by Perón) would continue his legacy, but within the orthodoxy and seeking to unify the CGT before the arrival of Perón.
===Perón's third term===
After the military regime of the "''Revolución Argentina''"
When Perón arrived to the country, the tense relations between the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodox Peronists]] and the [[File:Montoneros.png]] "''Tendencia Revolucionaria''" (Revolutionary Tendency) led to the "''Masacre de Ezeiza''" (Ezeiza Massacre), a mass murder occurred at the Ezeiza Airport, where both sectors of Peronism gathered to receive their leader. Supporters of revolutionary Peronism were then shot by members of the [[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism|"''Comando de Organización de la Juventud Peronista''"]] (CdO) (Peronist Youth Organization Command), an insurrectionary Peronist organization that rejected both the center-left and center-right factions of Peronism. Perón then ran for president with his wife, [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Nationalism|Isabel Perón]], under the FREJULI, and won by wide difference. With the unstable panorama of Peronism and the murder of Rucci, Perón decided to return to his [[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism|traditionalist]] and orthodox roots, attacking Marxism and seeking its total elimination from the movement. He proposed an [[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism|industrialist]] policy commanded by José Gelbard (who had already been Minister of Economy of Cámpora and Lastiri), kept the Social Pact and reaffirmed [[File:NAM.png]] a non-aligned international
The Navarrazo, endorsed by Perón, would then occur in February 1974, with the province of Córdoba being intervened, and Ricardo Obregón Cano (affiliated with the left-wing of Peronism that threatened the idea of a centralized syndicalism) and Atilio López removed from power in a police coup led by Antonio Domingo Navarro (chief of the Córdoba police removed by Obregón Cano).
This would increase tensions between the Perón government (aligned with orthodoxy) and the sectors of revolutionary Peronism (la Tendencia), causing a rupture that would be formalized on May 1, 1974. Perón, giving a speech on the occasion of the International Workers' Day, would respond bluntly to the chants of la Tendencia, who would decide to withdraw from the popular demonstration, being indirectly expulsed.
Gelbard enjoyed initial success within the framework of the Social Pact: he diversified the foreign market and achieved the largest trade surplus in Argentinian history, in addition to achieving (virtually) full employment. However, when international inflation unbalanced the fixed prices, a "great national joint meeting" was called to update prices and a corporate black market began to emerge due to the hoarding of goods from the business sector. Furthermore, the gigantic fiscal deficit and the artificially low exchange rate caused the loss of international reserves.
Perón finally died in July 1, 1974, and Perón's wife, [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Nationalism|Isabel Perón]] (previously vice president), took over the presidency with a deteriorated economic situation and rising inflation. She, advised by López Rega and [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Emilio Massera]], carried out an orthodox economic plan after dismissing Gelbard as minister and favored the persecution of leftist university students through parapolice groups. Operation Independence of 1975 would stand out among these state-terrorist actions, being the first major operation of the Dirty War that began in 1974; this confrontation would occur in Tucumán between the military and the ERP guerrilla, constituting the first decree of annihilation.
In her presidency there were a total of 5 Ministers of Economy after Gelbard: Gómez Morales, Celestino Rodrigo, Pedro José Bonanni, Antonio Cafiero and Emilio Mondelli. The most relevant of them, Rodrigo, would be the material author of the Rodrigazo: a program of economic shock, devaluation of the peso and tax increase that triggered inflation, produced shortages and provoked an immediate reaction from the CGT, which would carry out its first strike towards a Peronist government. Rodrigo and López Rega subsequently resigned from their positions, leaving a crisis that their successors were unable to reverse.
Between September 13 and October 16, 1975, absenting for health reasons, Isabel Perón designated [[File:Pron.png]] [[Nationalism|Ítalo Luder]], provisional president of the senate, to exercise executive power. Lúder would sign three more decrees of annihilation and would begin a process of militarization of Argentina, maintaining a notable condescension with the military sector to fight against "subversion" (how the left-wing guerrillas and other revolutionary sectors were called). The idea of an institutional coup would be frustrated with the return of Isabel to the presidency, who would firmly reject the possibility of resigning and leaving Lúder as her successor.
▲When Perón arrived to the country, the tense relations between the [[File:OrthPeron.png]] [[Fascism|orthodox Peronists]] and the [[File:Montoneros.png]] "''Tendencia Revolucionaria''" (Revolutionary Tendency) led to the "''Masacre de Ezeiza''" (Ezeiza Massacre), a mass murder occurred at the Ezeiza Airport, where both sectors of Peronism gathered to receive their leader. Supporters of revolutionary Peronism were then shot by members of the [[File:Jingoism.png]] [[Jingoism|"''Comando de Organización de la Juventud Peronista''"]] (CdO) (Peronist Youth Organization Command), an insurrectionary Peronist organization that rejected both the center-left and center-right factions of Peronism. Perón then ran for president with his wife, [[File:Isabelita.png]] [[Nationalism|Isabel Perón]], under the FREJULI, and won by wide difference. With the unstable panorama of Peronism, Perón decided to return to his [[File:Trad.png]] [[Traditionalism|traditionalist]] and orthodox roots, attacking Marxism and seeking its total elimination. He proposed an [[File:Indust.png]] [[Industrialism|industrialist]] policy, [[File:NAM.png]] non-aligned international positions in favor of Third World integration and also approved the operations of the [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|"''Alianza Anticomunista Argentina''" (Triple A)}} (Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance), which was in charge of persecuting militants of revolutionary Peronism and was led by [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] [[Esoteric Fascism|José López Rega]] and [[File:ArgentineAnticommunistAlliance.png]] {{PCBA|Anti-Communism|Alberto Villar}}.
===Military dictatorship 1976 to 1983===
[[File:Peron.3.jpg|thumb|Violent protests by left-wing, Peronist students in Rosario in 1969 against the banning of the PJ.]]
With the establishment of the National Reorganization Process – as part of the [[File:OperationCondor.png]] [[Authoritarian Capitalism#Operation Condor|Operation Condor]] – , originally led by [[File:Videla.png]] [[National Capitalism|Jorge Rafael Videla]], [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Emilio Massera]] and [[File:Argentiniantorturer.png]] [[Stratocracy|Orlando Agosti]]; the dictatorship began to carry out state terrorism policies against the opposition, unleashing imprisonment, disappearances, torture, murder and kidnapping of children. A fairly divided Peronism then resisted through [[File:SyndieSam.png]] [[Syndicalism|trade unionism]] and human rights organizations, while the [[File:SyndieSamCon.png]] ''Azopardo'' branch of the
===Role in the democratization of Argentina after 1983===
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