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In 1438, under the rule of ''Sapa'' Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the Kingdom of Cusco began a massive expansion campaign that lead the Incas to control the majority of the territory of modern day Peru. Due to the expansion a restructuration of power took place in which the ''Sapa'' was the head of the central government with 4 provincial governments controlled by strong leaders. As part of his expansionist policies the ''Sapa'' sent out spies to nearby regions he planned to expand to with messages to the leaders and presents that demonstrated the material benefits of joining the Inca empire, and would militarily conquer the ones who refused the offer. <br>
Pachacuti's son, Túpac Inca Yupanqui, continued the expansionist policy of his father conquering most of modern day Colombia and Ecuador. Tupác's son Huayna Capac once more continued the expansionary policy of his grandpa conquering up to part of modern day Chile until the southern expansion stalled at the [[wikipedia:Battle_of_the_Maule|Battle of the Maule]], turning to the west and expanding into parts of modern day Argentina and Colombia. <br>
By 1529 the first Spanish conquistadors had
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