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The term may refer to:
*[[File:Bonaparte.png]] [[Bonapartism]]: Often considered the precursor of fascism due to his extensive use of the military and for being literally an [[File:Auto.png]] [[Autocracy]].
*[[File:Jacobin.png]] [[Jacobinism]] - an influence of the French '89 ideals on fascism due to their totalitarianism and revolutionary nationalism has been supported both by left-wing fascists as a boast and by
*[[File:Sparta.png]] [[Diarchy|Spartanism]] - Sometimes considered another ancient proto-fascism or Nazism for its extreme militarization, eugenics and alleged totalitarianism.
*[[File:Platon.png]] [[Noocracy|Platonism]] - Plato's republic is often accused of extreme authoritarianism, collectivism and emphasis on hierarchy and the liberal philosopher Karl Popper has often accused the Athenian philosopher of being the reference of closed societies and the precursor of the modern Hegelian totalitarianism of both nazi-fascist and communist regimes.
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