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== History == |
== History == |
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Murray Bookchin was born to Jewish immigrants and from a very young age was heavily influenced by his [[File:Soc.png]] [[Socialism|Socialist]] Grandmother. This led him to be involved with the [[File:ML.png]] [[w:Young Communist League USA|Young Communist League USA]] and hold what he would later describe as [[File:Stalin.png]] [[ |
Murray Bookchin was born to Jewish immigrants and from a very young age was heavily influenced by his [[File:Soc.png]] [[Socialism|Socialist]] Grandmother. This led him to be involved with the [[File:ML.png]] [[w:Young Communist League USA|Young Communist League USA]] and hold what he would later describe as [[File:Stalin.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Stalinist]] views. However, after studying more [[File:Ormarxf.png]] [[Marxism|Marxist]] literature in his late teens he would shift to a [[File:Trot.png]] [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]] perspective. He became a factory worker and unionizer through the 1940's and over that period of time his belief in [[File:ML.png]] [[Marxism–Leninism]] in general began to wane, moving towards a more general Marxist position. |
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He began taking inspiration from more [[File:Ancom.png]] [[Anarcho-Communism|Anarchist]] writers like [[w:Peter Kroprotkin|Peter Kroprotkin]], particularly liking their views on hierarchy, seeing it as more wholistic than contemporary Marxists. From here he developed his idea of post-scarcity, which he intertwined with his strong views in the growing [[File:Envi.png]] [[Environmentalism|Environmentalist]] movement. This would culminate in his book [https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-1 ''Post-Scarcity Anarchism''] (1971), in which he would outline these beliefs. His concept of [[w:Social ecology (Bookchin)|Social Ecology]], that the ecological crisis is actually a social crisis, would become one of the prominent focuses of his work premiering in his most well known work, ''[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-the-ecology-of-freedom The Ecology of Freedom]'' (1982). In which he laid out that socially dominating societal structures (specifically the [[File:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|State]] and [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism]]) lead to a society which dominates and destroys nature, instead he proposed society be organized into federations/confederations of ecological, [[File:Directdem.png]] [[Democracy#Direct_Democracy|Directly Democratic]], communes. This would later become known as Communalism. He thought the best way to achieve this society was to organize communities into revolutionary, confederated, municipalities that would adhere to Communalist principles; this is known as [https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-libertarian-municipalism-an-overview Libertarian Municipalism]. |
He began taking inspiration from more [[File:Ancom.png]] [[Anarcho-Communism|Anarchist]] writers like [[w:Peter Kroprotkin|Peter Kroprotkin]], particularly liking their views on hierarchy, seeing it as more wholistic than contemporary Marxists. From here he developed his idea of post-scarcity, which he intertwined with his strong views in the growing [[File:Envi.png]] [[Environmentalism|Environmentalist]] movement. This would culminate in his book [https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-1 ''Post-Scarcity Anarchism''] (1971), in which he would outline these beliefs. His concept of [[w:Social ecology (Bookchin)|Social Ecology]], that the ecological crisis is actually a social crisis, would become one of the prominent focuses of his work premiering in his most well known work, ''[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-the-ecology-of-freedom The Ecology of Freedom]'' (1982). In which he laid out that socially dominating societal structures (specifically the [[File:Sec.png]] [[Authoritarianism|State]] and [[File:Cap.png]] [[Capitalism]]) lead to a society which dominates and destroys nature, instead he proposed society be organized into federations/confederations of ecological, [[File:Directdem.png]] [[Democracy#Direct_Democracy|Directly Democratic]], communes. This would later become known as Communalism. He thought the best way to achieve this society was to organize communities into revolutionary, confederated, municipalities that would adhere to Communalist principles; this is known as [https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-libertarian-municipalism-an-overview Libertarian Municipalism]. |
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