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*[[File:Councom.png]] [[Council Communism|Paul Mattick]] (1904-1981) [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany
*[[File:Councom.png]] [[Council Communism|Paul Mattick]] (1904-1981) [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany
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[[File:Ormarxf.png]] '''Marxism''', modernly commonly called [[File:Ormarxf.png]] '''Orthodox Marxism''' or [[File:Ormarxf.png]] '''Classical Marxism''', also called [[File:ScientificSoc.png]] '''Scientific Socialism'''<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm</ref> or [[File:Ormarxf.png]] '''Marxist Socialism''', is an economically far-left, culturally variable but generally progressive ideology that is based on the analysis and ideology of [[File:Ormarxf.png]] Karl Marx and [[File:Orengelsf.png]] Friedrich Engels, and looks to achieve a [[File:Commie.png]] communist (stateless, classless, moneyless) society. According to [[File:Ormarxf.png]] Marx and [[File:Orengelsf.png]] Engels, in a [[File:Commie.png]] communist society, nationality<ref name=":0">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm</ref>, families<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm</ref>, property, commodities, division of labor<ref name=":0" />, cities and countryside, religion, ideology, and markets would be abolished or become obsolete and fade away. Communism operates on the principle "From each according to their ability, to each according to their need". Marxists believe that due to inherent contradictions in the [[File:Cap.png]] capitalist mode of productions, material conditions will become so bad that there will be a proletarian revolution which will create a [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialist state that transitions to a communist society.
'''Marxism''', modernly commonly called '''Orthodox Marxism''' or '''Classical Marxism''', also called '''Scientific Socialism'''<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm</ref> or '''Marxist Socialism''', is an economically far-left, culturally variable but generally progressive ideology that is based on the analysis and ideology of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and looks to achieve a [[File:Commie.png]] communist (stateless, classless, moneyless) society. According to Marx and Engels, in a [[File:Commie.png]] communist society, nationality<ref name=":0">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm</ref>, families<ref>https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm</ref>, property, commodities, division of labor<ref name=":0" />, cities and countryside, religion, ideology, and markets would be abolished or become obsolete and fade away. Communism operates on the principle "From each according to their ability, to each according to their need". Marxists believe that due to inherent contradictions in the [[File:Cap.png]] capitalist mode of productions, material conditions will become so bad that there will be a proletarian revolution which will create a [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialist state that transitions to a communist society.


He believes that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles, and history can be viewed in stages of development based on which class holds a dictatorship over the other classes, and that today (with this stage starting around the English Civil War, 1642–1651) the world is under a dictatorship of the bourgeoise.
He believes that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles, and history can be viewed in stages of development based on which class holds a dictatorship over the other classes, and that today (with this stage starting around the English Civil War, 1642–1651) the world is under a dictatorship of the bourgeoise.
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On top of that, he believes that how [[File:Cap.png]] capitalists extract surplus value from the labor of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.
On top of that, he believes that how [[File:Cap.png]] capitalists extract surplus value from the labor of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.


Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when refering to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]
Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between [[File: Soc-h.png]] "socialism" or [[File:Commie.png]] "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage [[File:Commie.png]] Communism" and "higher- stage [[File:Commie.png]] Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son [[File:Orthlen.png]] [[Leninism]] came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both [[File:Commie.png]] communism and [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the [[File:Cball-France.png]] Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when referring to [[File: Soc-h.png]] socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as [[File:Mutalist.png]][[Mutualism|"Proudhonian socialism"]] or [[File:Reactsoc.png]][[Reactionary socialism|"reactionary socialism"]].[[File:Engels drawing of the Young Hegelians .jpg|thumb|A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.]]
==History==
==History==
===Before Marxism===
===Before Marxism===

Revision as of 23:33, 12 September 2021

This page is about the ideology used as the core value for modern Communism. For other uses, see Communism.

Marxism, modernly commonly called Orthodox Marxism or Classical Marxism, also called Scientific Socialism[1] or Marxist Socialism, is an economically far-left, culturally variable but generally progressive ideology that is based on the analysis and ideology of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and looks to achieve a communist (stateless, classless, moneyless) society. According to Marx and Engels, in a communist society, nationality[2], families[3], property, commodities, division of labor[2], cities and countryside, religion, ideology, and markets would be abolished or become obsolete and fade away. Communism operates on the principle "From each according to their ability, to each according to their need". Marxists believe that due to inherent contradictions in the capitalist mode of productions, material conditions will become so bad that there will be a proletarian revolution which will create a socialist state that transitions to a communist society.

He believes that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles, and history can be viewed in stages of development based on which class holds a dictatorship over the other classes, and that today (with this stage starting around the English Civil War, 1642–1651) the world is under a dictatorship of the bourgeoise.

While Marxism acknowledges the revolutionary role that the bourgeoisie have played in history, tying all corners of the world together in a global web of industry and consumption and revolutionizing the of production creating tools and machinery capable of producing far beyond the necessary requirement to sustain society, he believes that the forces of production are now constrained by the mechanics of capitalism, just as they were constrained by the mechanics of feudalism in the previous stage of development.

On top of that, he believes that how capitalists extract surplus value from the labor of their workers creates an irreconcilable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class), that can only be ended either through the overthrow of bourgeoisie or the ruination of both classes. Following the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, Marxism believes that a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" must be established to eradicate capitalism and begin the transition to communism. What is meant by a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" varies depending on who you ask, but to put it simply it means a society where the working class has absolute power over all other classes, and not a literal dictatorship.

Another thing worth noting is that Marxism does not differentiate between "socialism" or "communism" very much, calling them "lower- stage Communism" and "higher- stage Communism" respectively, and the different names for those stages is an idea that his son Leninism came up with. What is consistent, however, is that both communism and socialism are stateless and classless, with only the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, preceding both, requiring a "commune state" akin to the Paris Commune at most. The only times he differentiates between the two is when referring to socialist tendencies he disagrees with, such as "Proudhonian socialism" or "reactionary socialism".

A sketch by Fredrich Engels of the young Hegelians.

History

Before Marxism

Proto Marxists can be found in the 'Young Hegelian' school. The Young Hegelians, also known as the Left Hegelians or the Hegelian Left was a group of German intellectuals who, in the decade or so after the death of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in 1831, reacted to and wrote about his ambiguous legacy. Often expanding on the idea of a 'dialectic'. This is where dialectical materialism find's its roots, particularly in the works of Ludwig Feuerbach. The Young Hegelians drew on Hegel's idea that the purpose and promise of history was the total negation of everything conducive to restricting freedom and reason; and they proceeded to mount radical critiques, first of religion and then of the Prussian political system. They rejected anti-utopian aspects of his thought that "Old Hegelians" had interpreted to mean that the world has already essentially reached perfection.

However, Marx later became disillusioned with many of the Young Hegelians. He and Fredrich Engels would go on to co-write The Holy Family as a critique of the Young Hegelians.

Some of the many other influences on Marxism can be found in classical economics such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo who created the labor theory of value (LTV), and the " utopian socialists" such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Étienne Cabet, Henri de Saint-Simon.

Marx and Engels

In 1844, on the way to Germany, Fredrich Engels stopped in Paris to meet Karl Marx, with whom he had an earlier correspondence. Marx had been living in Paris since late October 1843, after the Rheinische Zeitung was banned in March 1843 by Prussian governmental authorities. Prior to meeting Marx, Engels had become established as a fully developed materialist and scientific socialist, independent of Marx's philosophical development.

A depiction of Marx and Engels writing.

In Paris, Marx was publishing the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher. Engels met Marx for a second time at the Café de la Régence on the Place du Palais, 28 August 1844. The two quickly became close friends and remained so their entire lives, cowriting staples of Marxist literature such as The Communist Manifesto, The German Ideology, Anti-Dühring, and many more. Engels actually provided the funding for a substantial amount of Marx's work as Engels was born into a wealthy family with deep roots in the yarn and cloth industry.

First International

Following the January Uprising in Poland in 1863, French and British workers started to discuss developing a closer working relationship. Henri Tolain, Joseph Perrachon and Charles Limousin visited London in July 1863, attending a meeting in St. James's Hall in honour of the Polish uprising. They discussed the need for an international organisation, which would amongst other things prevent the import of foreign workers to break strikes. In September 1864, French and British delegates again met in London, this time to set up an organization for sharing labor information across borders. This organization was the International Workingmen's Association.

The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva.

A depiction of the founding of the First International.

In Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members while police reported 5 million. In 1872, it split in two over conflicts between statist and anarchist factions and dissolved in 1876. The Second International was founded in 1889.

Due to the wide variety of philosophies present in the First International, there was conflict from the start. The first objections to Marx's influence came from the mutualists, who opposed communism and statism. However, shortly after Mikhail Bakunin and his followers (called collectivists while in the International) joined in 1868, the First International became polarized into two camps, with Marx and Bakunin as their respective figureheads. Perhaps the clearest differences between the groups emerged over their proposed strategies for achieving their visions of socialism. The anarchists grouped around Bakunin favored (in Peter Kropotkin's words) "direct economical struggle against capitalism, without interfering in the political parliamentary agitation". Marxist thinking at that time focused on parliamentary activity. For example, when the new German Empire of 1871 introduced male suffrage, many German socialists became active in the Marxist Social Democratic Party of Germany.

Paris Commune

WIP

Second International

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October Revolution and Soviet Union

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Third International

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Beliefs and Ideas

Communism

In Marxism, a communist society is the ultimate goal, the end stage of human history. It is a classless, stateless, marketless, moneyless system where the productive forces became so advanced that a post-scarcity economy emerges as the result. The means of production are owned in common, and individuals have free access to consumer goods based on needs. They're also free to pursue their own interests, making this system highly individualistic.

Dialectical Materialism

Dialectical Materialism is a philosophy developed by the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It emphasizes the importance of contradictions within things in shaping political and historical events. It also states that matter is a fundamental substance of reality, and even consciousness is the result of material interactions.

Labor Theory of Value

The core theory of the labor theory of value is that the exchange value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time put into it. Marx's labor theory of value is different from Adam Smith and David Ricardo's labor theory of value because it rejects the notion that labor is the source of all wealth. It thinks nature is an equally important contributor to wealth as labor

Exploitation Theory and Worker Alienation

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Base and Superstructure

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Economic Determinism

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Workers' Revolution and Dictatorship of the Proletariat

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Views on Religion

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Personality

Marxism will usually be portrayed as an amalgamation of Communist archetypes, and of the personality of Karl Marx himself. He will also occasionally be seen educating his various children and the socialist family in general on theory and philosophy.

How to Draw

Flag of Marxism
  1. Draw a ball with eyes.
  2. Draw a silhouette of Marx's head. The face and beard should be outlined in grey, with the mustache a darker grey.
  3. Make the remaining skin of the ball deep red.


You're done!

Color Name HEX RGB
Red #ED1D26 237, 29, 38
Gray #2C2C2C 44, 44, 44
Light Gray #7F7F7F 127, 127, 127

Relationships

Friends

  • File:Soc.png Socialism - Father knows best.
  • Luxemburgism - You carry my ideas so well! If only the Spartacist revolt had been successful.
  • Left Communism - My most loyal and dedicated son! Just please get off your armchair for a while.
  • Leninism - My most influential son! Great stuff, I wish you lived long enough to put the USSR on the right path.
  • Council Communism - The creation of workers councils as a basis for the DotP is a great idea!
  • Libertarian Marxism - Very similar to what I became in my later years, good stuff.
  • Trotskyism - My internationalist son who understands that proletarians around must rebel against their bourgeois leaders. Can you tell me why exactly you were exiled?
  • Marxist Feminism - My daughter, who recognizes that women can only be free without Capitalism!
  • De Leonism - My union-focused son who shares most of my ideals.
  • Posadism - Say that again, sonny? Aliens? Nukes? Wait, what?!
  • Left-Accelerationism - Progressing Capitalism to it's breaking point to motivate the working class to revolt is a brilliant idea!
  • Neo-Marxism - Good job expanding on my theories.
  • Acid Communism - Son, I get that you're depressed over Capitalism and everything, but I think you should get off of the drugs before it's too late.
  • Babouvism - My inspiration!
  • File:Prog.png Progressivism - Bourgeois society must be done away with if the proletariat is to be liberated!

Frenemies

  • Anarcho-Communism - I respect your desire to overthrow capitalism, but a revolution needs a revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.
  • Stalinism - Likely my most influential successor, who spread Communism to many countries. However, you are my least favorite son, as you greatly distort my views. Now people do not understand Communism at all.
  • Marxism-Leninism - Aren't you just the same as above?
  • File:Ego.png Egoism - Saint Max, he helped me break away from Idealism. But I wrote the German ideology specifically for you.
  • Anarcho-Pacifism - If we can achieve revolution by pacifism, I will have respect for you.
  • Democratic Socialism - Socialism is not achievable by electoralism.
  • Utopian Socialism - I wish you would realize that reform doesn't work...
  • Georgism - He was the founder of a land reform movement; one among many transitional measures. Still a capitalist, however.
  • Capitalist Communism - Uhhhh... I don't care to explain.
  • Ricardian Socialism - Massive influence on me and modern socialism in general, but I don't know about markets, and labor isn't the source of all wealth.
  • Christian Socialism - You're socialist... but you're also Christian... so there's that. At least you're distinct from Reactionary Socialism.
  • Agrarian Socialism - Communsim can only be achieved in industrial society, but I appreciate the sentiment nonetheless.
  • Petit Bourgeois Socialism - You're getting there! Reject the third position and embrace my ideas!
  • Anarcho-Collectivism - Have these gentlemen ever seen a revolution?


Enemies

  • Crapitalism - The system where the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat! Preferable to Feudalism, I guess. How about this: "The only good capitalist is one that hangs from the rope he sells us".
  • Neoconservatism - So... why is being communist a bad thing? You seem to blow things a lot of the time out of proportion.
  • Pinochetism - You killed some of my followers, sure. But that clearly doesn't measure up to any of the classicides does it?
  • Plutocracy - I don't like to strawman people, it pollutes discourse. But really?
  • Reactionary Socialism - You forget that you, too, used to be the oppressors and the bourgeoisie exist because of you.
  • Bismarckism - You brought me so much struggle.
  • Hayekism - An idiot who doesn't understand the difference between price and value.
  • Feudalism - Fuck off and and never return!
  • Bourgeois Nationalism - Actively divides the working class!
  • Pol Potism - What the fuck is this?

Further Information

Literature

Wikipedia

People

YouTube

Videos

Channels

Gallery

Template:Leftunity Template:Socs pt-br:Marxismo

  1. ↑ https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm
  3. ↑ https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm

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