List of movements/Militant and/or Criminal Groups/Africa

Algeria

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
• Islamic State - Algerian Province
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
• National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad

Historical

• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)

Algerian Civil War

Pro-Government

• Organization of Young Free Algerians (1994-1995)

Anti-Government

• Islamic Salvation Front
• Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (1993-2004)
• Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (1998-2007)

Algerian War

• OAS (Organisation de l'armée secrète) (1961-1962)
• FAF (Front Algérie Française) (1960-1961)
• ALN (Armée de libération nationale) (1954-1962)

Angola

Pro-Government

• South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO)
• People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)

Anti-Government

• Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC)
• National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA)
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

Benin

• Islamic State

Burkina Faso

Active

• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin

Historical

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s - 1996)
• Revolutionary United Front (1991 - 2002)
• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)

Burundi

• National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD)
• National Forces of Liberation (FNL)
• National Liberation Front (FROLINA)

Cameroon

• Boko Haram
• Islamic State

Central African Republic

Active

Pro-Govt

• Wagner Group

Anti-Govt

• Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC)
  • Anti-Balaka
    • People’s Resistance Movement for the Refoundation of the Central African Republic
  • Central African Patriotic Movement (MPC)
    • National Movement for the Liberation of the Central African Republic (MNLC) (2017-2019)
  • Return, Reclamation, Rehabilitation (3R)
  • Union for Peace in the Central African Republic (UPC)
  • Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC)
• Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice (MLCJ)
• Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)

Defunct

Anti-Govt

• Revolution and Justice (RJ) (2013-2019)
• Séléka (2012-2014)
  • Patriotic Rally for the Renewal of the Central African Republic (RPRC) (2014-2022)
  • Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country (CPSK) (2012)
  • Popular Front for Recovery (FPR) (2008-2012, 2012-2014)
  • Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) (2007-2014)
  • Democratic Front of the Central African People (FDPC) (2004-2019)
  • Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP) (2004-2012)
• People's Army for the Restoration of Democracy (2006-2008)

Chad

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Boko Haram
• Front for Change and Concord in Chad
• Islamic State
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic
• United Front for Democratic Change
• Janjaweed

Historical

• FROLINAT (1966-1993)
• Liberation Front of Chad (1965-1976)
• Volcan Army (1970-?)
• People's Armed Forces (1976-1987)
• Armed Forces of the North (1976-1984)
• Transitional Government of National Unity (1979-1987)
• Chadian National Armed Forces (1983-1990)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Active

Rebels

• Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)
• Islamic State's Central African Province (IS-CAP)
• Mai-Mai
• Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)
• Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI)
• Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI)
• Popular Front for Justice in the Congo (FPJC)
• Cooperative for the Development of the Congo (CODECO)
• Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC)
• Armed Forces of the Congolese People (FAPC)
• March 23 Movement (M23)/Congolese Revolutionary Army
• Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR)
• National Forces of Liberation (FNL)
• Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB)
• Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated (NDC-R)
• National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC)/Alliance of Article 64 (AA64)

Pro-Government

• Pro-Government Mai-Mai

Historical

Rebels

• Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS) (2006 - 2012, 2013 - 2016)
• National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP) (2006 - 2009)
• Free Republic of Congo (1960-1962)
• Simba Rebels (1964-1965)
• Kwilu Rebels (1964-1965)

Pro-Government

• Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS) (2012 - 2013)

Second Congo War (1998 - 2003)

Pro-Government

• Anti-Ugandan forces
  • Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)
  • Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)
  • Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II)
  • Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI)
• Anti-Rwandan forces
  • Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR)
  • Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR) (1997 - 2000)
  • Interahamwe
  • Republican Rally for Democracy in Rwanda (RDR) (1995 - 2000)
  • Mai-Mai
• Anti-Burundi forces
  • National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD)
  • National Liberation Front (FROLINA)

Anti-Government

• Pro-Rwanda forces
  • Banyamulenge
• Pro-Uganda forces
  • Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC)
• Anti-Angola forces
  • National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

First Congo War (1996 - 1997)

Pro-Government

• White Legion (1997)
• Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR) (1997 - 2000)
• Interahamwe
• National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD)
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
• Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)
• Congolese National Liberation Front (FLNC)
• Pro-Mobutu Mai-Mai
• West Nile Bank Front (1997)

Anti-Government

• Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (ADFLC)
• Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)
• Anti-Mobutu Mai-Mai

Djibouti

• Al-Shabaab

Egypt

Active

• Abdullah Azzam Brigades
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad
• Muslim Brotherhood

Historical

• al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya (1992-1998)
• Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (2011-2014)

Ethiopia

Active

• Afar Liberation Front
• Al-Shabaab
• Ethiopian Unity Patriots Front
• Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party
• Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
• Ogaden National Liberation Front
• Oromo Liberation Front
• Tigray People's Liberation Front

Historical

• Eritrean Liberation Front (1961-1981)
• Eritrean People's Liberation Front (1970-1991)
• Western Somali Liberation Front (1973-1989)
• Amhara Democratic Party (1982-2019)
• Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (1988-2019)
• al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (1992-2006)
• Raskamboni Brigades (2007-2010)

Ghana

• Boko Haram
• Western Togoland Restoration Front

Guinea

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s-1996)
• Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (2000-2001)
• Revolutionary United Front (2000-2001)

Ivory Coast

Historical

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s - 1996)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)

Kenya

Active

• Al-Shabaab
• Allied Democratic Forces

Historical

• Mau Mau Rebels (1952-1960)
• Northern Frontier Districts Liberation Movement (1963-1967)

Liberia

• Armed Forces of Liberia rebels (1980)
• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s - 1996)
• Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1989 - 1992)
• Liberian United Defense Force (1989 - 1991)
• United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (1991 - 1996)
• Revolutionary United Front (1991 - 2002)
• Liberia Peace Council (1993 - 1996)
• Lofa Defense Force (1993 - 1996)
• National Patriotic Front of Liberia – Central Revolutionary Council (1994 - 1996)
• Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (1999 - 2003)
• Movement for Democracy in Liberia (2003 - 2004)

Libya

Active

Anti-government

• Government of National Accord
  • Tuareg militias of Ghat
  • Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya
  • Syrian National Army
• Libya Revolutionaries Operations Room
• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
• Islamic State
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries

Pro-government

• House of Representatives
• Gaddafi loyalists
• Wagner Group
• Russian Imperial Legion
• Justice and Equality Movement
• Sudan Liberation Movement

Historical

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s - 1996)
• Revolutionary United Front (1991 - 2002)
• Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (1995-2017)
• National Liberation Army (2011)
• National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (2011-2012)
• National Transitional Council (2011-2012)
• Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (2012-2017)
• Libyan Shield 1 (2012-2016)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)
• Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna (2014-2018)

Mali

Active

• Arab Movement of Azawad
• Ganda Iso
• Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies
• Islamic State
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• Macina Liberation Front
• Movement for the Salvation of Azawad
• National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad

Historical

• Tuareg Tribes (1962-1964)
• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)
• Ansar Dine (2012-2017)
• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (2012-2017)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)

Mauritania

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group

Historical

• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)
• Ansar Dine (2012-2017)

Morocco

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Islamic State
• Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group

Historical

• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)

Mozambique

Pro-Government

• FRELIMO

Anti-Government

• Allied Democratic Forces
• Islamic State
• RENAMO

Niger

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Ansaru
• Boko Haram
• Islamic State
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin

Historical

• Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (2011-2013)
• Al-Mourabitoun (2013-2017)

Nigeria

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Ansaru
• Boko Haram
• Islamic State

Republic of Congo

• Cocoye Militia (1993-1997)
• Cobra Militia (1993-1997)
• Ninja Militia (1990s-2008, 2016-2017)

Senegal

Active

• Boko Haram

Historical

• Ansar Dine (2012-2017)

Sierra Leone

Pro-Governmant

• Kamajors (1996 - 2002)

Anti-Government

• National Patriotic Front of Liberia (1980s - 1996)
• Revolutionary United Front (1991 - 2002)
• Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (1997 - 2002)
• West Side Boys (1998 - 2000)

Somalia

Active

• Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
• Al-Shabaab
• Somali Pirates
• Raskamboni Movement

Defunct

• Somali Salvation Democratic Front (1978-2001)
• Somali National Front (1991-2001)
• Somali National Movement (1981-1991)
• Somali Patriotic Movement (1989-2003)
• United Somali Congress (1987-2000)
• al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (1992-2006)
• Somali National Alliance (1992-2002)
• Juba Valley Alliance (2001-2008)
• Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (2001-2004)
• Islamic Courts Union (2000-2007)
• Hizbul Islam (2009-2014)

South Africa

• uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
  • South African Communist Party (SACP)
• Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
• South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO)
• Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)
• Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC)

Sudan

Active

Pro-Government

• Interahamwe
• Janjaweed
• Lord's Resistance Army
• Nuer White Army

Anti-Government

• Sudan Revolutionary Front
  • Justice and Equality Movement
  • Sudan Liberation Movement
• Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council
• South Sudanese Liberation Movement
• Al-Shabaab
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad

Historical

Rebels

• National Democratic Alliance (1989 - 2006)
• Sudan People's Liberation Army (1983 - 2005)
  • Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front (2000 - 2002)
• Anyanya II (1978 - 1989)
• Azania Liberation Front (1965 - 1970)
• Anyanya (1963 - 1972)
• SDF mutineers (1955 - 1965)
• Mahdists (1885 - 1909)

Pro-Government

• South Sudan Defence Forces (1997 - 2000)
  • Army of Peace (1986 - 2000s)
• Uganda National Rescue Front II (1996 - 2002)
• Ex-FAR soldiers (1994 - 1997)
• SPLA-Nasir (1991 - 2002)
• Al Qaeda (1991 - 1996)
• West Nile Bank Front (1988 - 1997)

Tanzania

• Allied Democratic Forces

Tunisia

Active

• Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
• Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
• Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin

Historical

• Tunisian Combatant Group (2000-?)

Uganda

Active

• Al-Shabaab
• Lord's Resistance Army
• Allied Democratic Forces
• Islamic State
• Mai-Mai Kyandenga
• Kingdom of Rwenzururu
• Kingdom of Buganda

Defunct

• Uganda National Rescue Front II (1996 - 2002)
• West Nile Bank Front (1988 - 1997)
• National Army for the Liberation of Uganda (1988 - 1996)
• Uganda People's Army (1987 - 1992)
• Holy Spirit Movement (1986 - 1994)
• Uganda People's Democratic Army (1986 - 1988)
• National Resistance Army (1981 - 1995)
  • Popular Resistance Army (1980 - 1981)
  • Uganda Freedom Fighters (1981 - 1986)
• Uganda National Rescue Front/National Salvation Front (1980 - 1992)
• Uganda National Liberation Army (1979)
  • Kikosi Maalum (1971 - 1979)
  • Front for National Salvation (1971 - 1981)
  • Save Uganda Movement (1973 - 1980)
  • Uganda Nationalist Organization (1978 - 1980)
• Rwenzururu Movement (1962 - 1982)

Zimbabwe

• uMkhonto we Sizwe (1961-1981)
• Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (1964-1987)
• Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (1965-1980)