Right-Wing Populism
"We will bring back our jobs. We will bring back our borders. We will bring back our wealth. And we will bring back our dreams."
Right-Wing Populism shortened to RightPop, also known as 
National Populism or 
Neo-Nationalism is a culturally right-wing to far-right, nationalist, in theory civically apathetic but mostly slightly authoritarian, and economically variable (ranges from center-left to right-wing) ideology. It is a rebranded version of 
National Conservatism combined with 
Populist rheotric.
Variants
Capitalist Populism
Capitalist Populism is a variant of right-wing populism which focuses on individualism, the free market and libertarian economics they often steer away from race-baiting on issues like immigration or rage-baiting on issues like abortion or homosexuality. However they are strongly right wing and believe that taxes are way too high wanting to move, often, to a more per capita than a progressive system seen in the United Kingdom with Margaret Thatcher's poll tax which made occupants pay for each person in a household rather than the previous system of a property tax paid for by the owner.
Centre-Right Populism
Centre-Right Populism is a right wing ideology that is mostly hard to find a difference as it looks similar to 
regular right-populists or moderate national conservatives because of its rhetoric but moderate right wing policies. It is for things like reform immigration check and moderate 
anti-identity politics, oppose some EU institutions and policies, and seek reform (Eurorealism) etc however many also take centrist positions on social issues might just not talk about social issues that much, in order to push for more right wing economic/cultural policies. It is generally just national conservatism.
Populist Chauvinism
Populist Chauvinism is a far right, 
ultranationalist subvariant of right-wing populism that puts a heavy emphasis on 
Nationalism and 
Patriotism. The idea of 
national palingenesis is popular opon populist chauvinist circles, as palingenetic nationalism advocates for a popular revolution in order to bring about a rebirth of the nation. Populist chauvinists focus on a 
heavy opposition to immigration, claiming that immigration threatens the sovereignty of the nation and the identity of the people. Populist chauvinists believe in a strong and almost militant nationalism, and are fiercely opposed to any kind of 
separatism, claiming that separatist movements are part of a elitist plot to divide the nations people. This tenant of Populist Chauvinism has influenced ideologies such as 
Jingoism.
Fascist Populism
Fascist Populism is a 
fascist variant of Right-Wing Populism. Fascist populism is popular among 
neo-fascist parties across Europe, such as the 
Alliance For Peace and Freedom, and multiple 
British fascist parties, such as 
the British Democrats party and the 
Patriotic Alternative party.
Populist Hawkism
"We've finally given liberals a war against fundamentalism, and they don't want to fight it. They would except that it would put them on the same side as the United States."
Populist Hawkism, also known as Neoconservative populism, is a ideology that combines 
neoconservatism with right-wing populism. Most populist hawks believe that military interventions are the only way to stop 
"radical Islam" and 
"communism". Many populist hawks are prone to extreme levels of red-baiting which means calling left-leaning figures and policies to be communist in their belief that a communist elite is strangling the nation's economy and national interests. These Hawks declare that only they can make "us" respected again on the international stage, to take the fight to communists and fascists abroad such as ISIS and Saddam Hussein, and promote free-market economics although many may call for more compassion meaning a larger welfare state and progressive taxation.
Reactionary Populism
Reactionary Populism is a variant of 
right-wing populism that puts a heavy emphasis on 
preserving cultural hierarchy and traditional social order against a supposed 
progressive elite. Most reactionary populists believe that family and traditional values are ingrained within the ideals of the nation and are to be defended at any cost.
History
Pre-2010s
WIP
Rise in the 2010s
WIP
Around the world
United States 
One of the earliest examples of right-wing populism in America was the political campaigns of 
Pat Buchanan, former advisor to 
Ronald Reagan and one of the founding voices of 
Paleoconservatism. Buchanan was a controversial figure for his far-right views on certain issues, specifically his defence of 
Hitler and denial of the holocaust. Buchanan was critical of the more "liberal" direction the 
Republican Party was taking under 
George HW. Bush and decided to challenge him in the 1992 Republican Primaries, only to be unsuccessful. In 1999, he left the GOP to join 
Ross Perot's Reform Party. He ran in 2000 against 
George W. Bush and 
Al Gore, his campaign focused on 
Isolationism, 
Protectionism and opposition to immigration. None of his campaigns were very successful, but his large influence on the American far-right is often cited as a important footnote.
The Tea Party
The Tea Party was a political movement that was opposed to the 
policies of 
The Obama Administration. It had close ties to the The GOP and was based off radical 
fiscally conservative principals. The movement was divided between the more 
libertarian faction, represented by 
Ron Paul and the one tied closer to the 
Christian Right within the Republican Party represented by 
Sarah Palin. The biggest dividing issue was foreign policy, with the former favoring a non-interventionist approach while the latter was much more hawkish. The Tea Party's greatest success came in the 2010 midterm elections with many Tea Party candidates beating more establishment GOP candidates in the primary before going on to win the general election. Some notable Tea Party candidates from this election include Marco Rubio, 
Rand Paul, and Mike Lee. Many in the Tea Party movement were early supporters of 
Donald Trump, with Trump saying in August 2015 "The tea party people are incredible people. These are people who work hard and love the country and they get beat up all the time by the media." A CNN poll in January 2016 showed that 37% of self identified Tea Party voters supported Donald Trump while the next highest was 
Ted Cruz at 34%.
Trumpism 
Trumpism is an ideology that represents the 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump and his supporters. He believes in many conservative policies, such as American Nationalism and strict opposition to illegal immigration.
Donald Trump ran for president as a candidate for the Republican Party. He mainly focused on issues such as illegal immigration, Islamic terrorism, 
political correctness and 
reforming the federal government. Despite being very controversial with 
The Media and 
Liberals, he also became popular with the party's voters. Trump won the primary and was nominated as the GOP's candidate for president, against 
Hillary Clinton. In the general election, both candidates turned out to be generally unpopular with the public though Hillary was mostly favored to win, both by the media and polls. Trump won the election in a huge upset and officially became president on January 20th, 2017.
His most recognized accomplishment was consistent economic growth, despite greatly increasing the national debt. This came to an end with the COVID-19 Recession of 2020. He denies climate change and has rolled back on policies meant to limit its effects, although he has been a conservationist in many regards (Great American Outdoors Act, 1 Trillion Trees Initiative). His party repealed the least popular part of Obamacare, the individual mandate, although he failed to implement "TrumpCare". He has greatly increased border security and enforcement, garnering much controversy for the treatment of illegal immigration compared to past presidents. In terms of foreign policy, he has taken a hawkish approach on 
Venezuela and 
Iran, supported 
Saudi Arabia's invasion of 
Yemen and doubled the drone strikes from Obama's administration. However, he has also withdrawn troops from 
Syria and expanded outreach to 
North Korea. He has been staunchly supportive of 
Israel and held close ties with the country's PM 
Benjamin Netanyahu, under his presidency the US declared Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. During his presidency he was friendly to many international right-wing leaders including 
Nigel Farage and 
Boris Johnson in 
United Kingdom, 
Jair Bolsonaro in 
Brazil, 
Viktor Orbán in 
Hungary, 
Narendra Modi in 
India, 
Marine Le Pen in 
France, 
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 
Turkey, 
Jarosław Kaczyński in 
Poland, 
Horacio Cartes in 
Paraguay, 
Hong Joon-pyo in 
South Korea, 
Najib Razak in 
Malaysia, 
Matteo Salvini in 
Italy and 
Geert Wilders in the 
Netherlands. While having a mixed relationship with 
Vladimir Putin of 
Russia, who he was initially friendly with which caused many to claim the two were in cahoots, despite this he also continued many sanctions towards Russia and aided the troops in Ukraine against him. In 2020, Trump was met with criticism concerning his handling of the coronavirus pandemic and 
Black Lives Matter protests across the country.
In 2020, the 
Democratic Party nominated 
Joe Biden to run against Trump in the 2020 United States Presidential Election. Biden was controversially supported by (self-proclaimed 
former) 
Alt-Right figure 
Richard Spencer, who had previously endorsed Trump in 2016. [97]
In the election, Joe Biden won with 306 electoral votes while Trump garnered 232. Biden gained 51.3% of the popular vote compared to Trump earning 46.9%. Trump, after hearing this news, denied the results and refused to concede, claiming voter fraud. Due to these claims, Trump supporters attacked and stormed the 
United States Capitol Building in an attempt to overturn the election results and allow Trump to continue in office for a second term. This insurrection failed and Joe Biden still became the 46th President of the United States.
Donald Trump and his supporters still believe the election was rigged and have attempted to make claims that Trump will be 
reinstated as president at some point in 2021 or later. Many have also denied responsibility for the storming of the Capitol, instead claiming that the events were a false flag organised by other actors (such as 
Antifa and/or the 
FBI etc) with the intention of discrediting or even criminalising the MAGA movement.
On November 15, 2022, Trump announced he would run for president again in 2024. Prior to his announcement he preemptively attacked Governors 
Ron DeSantis and 
Glenn Youngkin, seeing them as potential rivals in the GOP primary.
On January 21, Ron DeSantis has dropped out, leaving only 
Nikki Haley to oppose Donald Trump
On March 6th, Nikki Haley dropped out, leaving Donald Trump as the presumptive nominee for the GOP.
Christian Trumpism 
Christian Trumpism is a variant of Trumpism that seeks to combine the ideology of Donald Trump with 
Christianity. Part of the broader Christian Right, Christian Trumpists oppose 
abortion, 
pornography, 
LGBT+ rights, 
Multiculturalism, and comprehensive sex education while supporting 
American exceptionalism, 
Christian Nationalism, and the 
end-times.
In 2020, over 80% of white evangelicals voted for Donald Trump. In contrast, 64% of 
Protestants of ethnic minorities, including over 90% of black Protestants, voted for Joe Biden.[98]
Christian Trumpists compare Nehemiah's wall around Jerusalem to Trump's wall keeping out the enemy, among whom, include 
Mexican migrants, LGBT+ people, 
Satanists, and occasionally 
Catholics.
Southern Baptist pastor and 
Fox News commentator 
Robert Jeffress believes that governments have one responsibility, which is Romans 13. This same chapter has been used to by former U.S. Senator 
Jeff Sessions to claim justification for Donald Trump's policy on separating children from immigrant families.
Esoteric Trumpism 
Esoteric Trumpism, also known as Trumpist Mysticism, is an offshoot of Trumpism that goes beyond the realms of the supernatural and paranormal. This variant of Trumpism is very reminiscent of 
Paganism in which adherents view Donald Trump as a god and therefore must be loyal to him.
Europe
Right-wing Populism has gained popularity across Europe in the 21st century. In Europe, right-populist parties commonly oppose 
Islam, immigration, 
LGBT rights, (although some only oppose transgender rights and are less focused on this than American right-wing populists) and 
the EU.
Estonia 
Helmeism is the ideology of 
Estonian politician 
Martin Helme, and his party, Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond. Helme is a advocate of national conservatism, opposing Estonian membership in the European Union and favoring 
the perservation of Estonian national values. The EKRE has also proposed 
ethnic profiling, restricting the rights of non-Estonians. Helme and his party are strictly opposed to LGBTQ rights, calling for "homosexual propaganda" to be removed from schools.
France 
France's far-right party 
National Front was founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Several others. The party was well known for its racism, xenophobia, and Holocaust denial. Jean-Marie Le Pen, founder of the party and multiple time candidate referred to the Holocaust as "a detail of history". In 2011, Jean's youngest daughter Marine took control of the party, ditching some of the party's extreme policies. Marine was pro-choice, 
LGBT friendly, and Liberal on several other social issues. Also under Marine, the party became more supportive of Protectionism and 
welfare benefits, but only for disingenuous French citizens. She also started banning Anti-semitic and Holocaust denial members, including her father.
In the 2017 election, she made it to the 2nd round but lost in a landslide to 
Macron.
In 2018 the party was renamed to "National Rally" as Marine Le Pen tried to clean up the party's image.
Recently, due to Macron becoming increasingly unpopular with the French public. Le Pen lead in the polls for the first round of the 2022 election and was catching up to him in the second. However, Macron ultimately won the election, albeit by a reduced majority.
In the 
2024 European Union elections, the National Rally saw strong results, becoming the face of the right-wing populist wave that had occurred throughout the EU. The NR won 30 out of 81 seats, and this promoted Macron to dissolve the legislative and call a snap election. He later stated that his decision to do so was "the heaviest, the most serious, but the most responsible" solution.
Zemmourism is the ideology of French politician Eric Zemmour, and his party, 
Reconquete. Zemmour founded Reconquete in December 2021, with an entent to participate in the then-upcoming 2022 French presidential election. The party quickly gained popularity, as the National Rally party was becoming less far-right as the years went by. However, Zemmour would poorly preform in the first round of the election, and ended up endorsing Le Pen in the second round.
In his political positions, Zemmour considers himself a 
Gaullo-
Bonarpartiste. Zemmour calls for 
national unity, believing that all of a nations problems can be solved via sovereignty. Zemmour has 
reactionary views on social issues, claiming that France has plunged into a state of decline due to 
Feminism, 
abortion, homosexuality, and other progressive views being culturally accepted. Zemmour has argued that 
women are unsuited for major political positions, and that homosexuality is the erosion of masculinity. Zemmour is opposed to immigration, claiming that 
that the French population is being replaced by migrants. Zemmour is also opposed to Islam, calling for the banning of the hijab, and a investigation into funding for Muslim religious organizations. He is a strong supporter of Israel, describing the Israel-Hamas war the "fight for our civilization".
Zemmour supports protectionism, 
cutting corporate tax, and proposes raising the retirement age to 64. He also supports withdrawing France from the EU and 
strengthening the French armed forces.
Germany 
The 
Alternative for Germany party is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Germany, founded in 2013 by Bernd Lucke. In its early years, the party campaigned for soft eurosceptic and 
national liberal policies such as leaving the Eurozone and returning to the D-Mark, ending bailouts to 
economically weak EU member states along with mildly conservative stances on social issues. Under the new leader Frauke Petry, the party experienced a sharp turn rightwards (causing Lucke to leave the party), and would much later be catapulted into the national parliament in 2017 after gaining momentum from the 2015 refugee crisis. It became known for its hardcore populist rhetoric, islamophobic (and often xenophobic) sentiment and in recent times, connections to anti-mask and anti-vaccine initiatives. Furthermore, the party campaigns for the introduction of 
Swiss-style referendums and public consultations.
The AfD remains a constant fixture in modern German politics, although other parties are almost universally opposed to forming any sorts of coalitions with the party.
The 
Liberal Conservative Reformers (originally named Alliance for Progress and Renewal) are a minor, 
conservative-liberal party founded by original AfD founder Bernd Lucke in 2015 after Frauke Petry's victory in the AfD's internal power struggle. It supports 
economic liberalism, soft euroscepticism and other policies reminiscent of the AfD's original years. The party remains rather small and unsuccessful.
The 
Blue Party was another minor offshot from the AfD which existed from 2017 to 2019. It was founded by Frauke Petry and her lawyer, the former of whom, after being responsible for the rightward shift of the AfD, was herself eventually pressured to leave her party due to the ever continuing rightward shift of the AfD and its lack of distancing from extremist factions such as 
Der Flügel, thus motivating her to found a new party. Its policies were mostly national liberal and could be best defined as slightly to the right of the LKR's policies. The party failed to gain any form of popularity and was formally dissolved on 31 December 2019.
Greece 
A more extreme example of right-wing populism in Greece is the 
Popular Greek Patriotic Union, more famously known as LEPEN. The PGPU's ideology is a combination of Ultranationalism, 
Irredentism, and 
Orthodox Theocracy. The PGPU was founded in 2015 by Christos Rigas. Rigas was a former member of the 
Golden Dawn party, but he left the party after internal conflict, and founded the PGPU as a more moderate alternative to the GD.
The PGPU joined the Alliance For Peace and Freedom coalition in 2018. The coalition contains neo-fascist parties such as the 
Peoples Party Our Slovakia, 
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Noua Drepta. In December 2020, the PGPU created a electoral coalition with the 
Spartans party. The PGPU also collaborated with the 
National Popular Consciousness.
A more recent example of a right-wing populist party in Greece is the 
Voice Of Reason party. Greek lawyer 
Afroditi Latinopoulou founded the VR as a split off from the Patriotic Force for Change party in March 2023, with a intention to participate in May's elections, but was barred from participating due to a name dispute.
The party participated in the next months snap election, but didn't gain any seats. 1 year later, Latinopoulou herself would just barely win a seat in the EU elections in June 2024. The party would later join the 
Patriots For Europe coalition.
The most famous right-wing populist party in Greece is the 
Greek Solution political party. Greek politican Kyriakos Velopoulos founded the party in 2016 after he left the 
Popular Orthodox Rally party.
The party won one seat in the 2019 European elections, and won 10 seats in the Greek legislative election that followed with 3.7% of the vote. The party would gain another seat in the June 2023 snap election.
In the 2024 European elections, the party won 2 more European MEPs. This was a result of most supporters of the Spartans party voting for the GS following the formers banning.
Hungary 
Orbanism is an economically center to center-right, culturally right-wing, and strongly authoritarian ideology used to represent the current Prime Minister of Hungary, Viktor Orban, and his party, 
Fidez, who have ruled since 2010. During his presidency, Orban's government has carried out economically liberal policies, such as reducing corporate tax, and 
privatizing state owned land. Orban opposed the bombing of Yugoslavia during his first term, even turning down an request to invade the Serbian region of Vojvodina during the campaign. He also opposed the invasion of Iraq, and criticized it's legitimacy. Hungary, under Orban, has made an effort to block aid to Ukraine, and has grown ties with Russia. Orban is also a strong supporter of Israel. Orban's government has been praised by other right-wing leaders, due to its opposition to immigration and opposition to LGBTQ rights.
Italy 
Lega Nord was originally a big tent secessionist party who wants the independence of the North Italy (named by them:Padania). Under Salvini the party moved further to the right and became a national populist party with a campaign using the line "Italy First" reminiscent of Trump's "America first" campaign.
Melonism is the ideology of Italian Prime Minister Giorga Meloni, who has served since 2022. Melonism is a mix of national conservatism and 
neoliberalism. Meloni is opposed to LGBTQ rights, saying that she supports nuclear families, which she believes can only exist with a female/male pair. Meloni is also opposed to immigration, saying that it leads to human trafficking and high crime rates, and that it should be stopped through a naval blockade. Unlike some other right wing European leaders, Meloni supports Ukraine, and vows to keep giving aid, and despite her hardline anti-migrant stance, she supports giving refugee status to Ukrainian refugees.
Netherlands 
Fourtynism was the ideology of the Dutch political party Pim Fortyun List, which existed from 2002 to 2008. It was led by it's namesake, Pim Fortyun, for the start of its existence. Fortyun's ideology was basically a mix of economically liberal policies and nationalist views. Fortyun advocated for the prevention of immigration, and called for the assimilation of asylum seekers into Dutch culture, through compulsory polices. Unlike other European populist parties at the time and today, Fortyun was a supporter of gay rights, being gay himself, and saw Muslim immigration has a threat to LGBTQ people. Fortyun was a Eurospectic, claiming that the EU would take away Dutch identity by creating a federal state. In 2002, Fortyun was assassinated by activist Volkert van der Graaf, who opposed Fourtyn for his Islamophobia. Despite this, Fourtyns party became the second largest in the Netherlands after the election. Despite that, the party fell into eternal conflicts and and eventually disbanded in 2008.
Wildersism is the ideology of Dutch politician Geert Wilders and his party, 
Party For Freedom. Wilders has gained popularity for his opposition to immigration. Wildersism is a combination of nationalistic polices and fiscally capitalist ones. Wilders is highly opposed to Islam, and has called for banning the Quran and shutting down all mosques in the Netherlands. The PVV has called for ending dual citizenship, cracking down on both immigration from African countries and European countries, and for Dutch withdrawal from the EU. Wilders and his party criticize military interventions, such as the intervention in Libya, saying that the Netherlands should adopt a policy of non-interventionism. The PVV is supportive of Russia and Israel in the conflicts involving the countries.
Poland 
WIP
In December 2018, 
Janusz Korwin-Mikke, 
Grzegorz Braun, and 3 other politicians collaborated to found the 
Confederation Liberty and Independence coalition with a intent to participate in the 2019 EU parliament elections.
However, the coalition failed to gain any seats, partly due to controversy around 
anti-Semitic and homophobic remarks made by the leader of one of the parties in the coalition, 
Sławomir Mentzen. Despite this, the coalition registered in July 2019, with an intent to participate in the 2019 elections later that year. Despite infighting, in the election, the party gained 11 seats in the Sejm.
In 2022, more infighting started over Korwin's 
pro-Russian comments. Korwin would later be removed from candidacy for the 2023 election due to his sexist comments about women. The party gained 7 seats in the Sejm during it.
Romania 
In September 2019, 
George Simon founded the Alliance for the Union of Romanians, a right-wing populist party in 
Romania. Simion founded the party with an intent to participate in the 2020 elections. The party is known for its support of 
unification with Moldova, and has often campaigned for it.
In the 2020 elections, the AUR would gain 40 MPs, and would surge in popularity among the Romanian population. The AUR would do best in regions with large Orthodox Christian populations.
In 2021, a offshoot of the party was launched in 
Moldova. The parties infamous 
protests against COVID-19 restrictions would begin around the same time. The AUR gained 5 seats in the EU parliament election in 2024.
In 2021, the 
SOS Romania party would be founded. The party would gain popularity after ultranationalist politician 
Diana Sosoaca joined the party in mid-2022, and would later arise as it's leader.
The SOS Romania party would gain 2 seats in the 2024 EU elections, and would attempt to join the Europe of Sovereign Nations party. However, at the request of the SR's Hungarian equivalent, the 
Our Homeland Movement, the SR was excluded.
Sweden
Åkessonism, Sweden Democrats or SD is a right-wing party in 
Sweden. The party supports cutting taxation while also reducing government debt necessitating cuts in expenditure. However, the main appeal of the Sweden Democrats is them being against immigrants, especially those that follow Islam. Åkessonism also supports the protection of Swedish 
culture and social norms, believing that the national identity of Sweden is under threat from immigrants and wokeness. 
Law and order is another important part of the ideology as the Sweden Democrats believe that counter-terrorism and breaking gangs is more important than individual liberty and can be achieved via the police rather than investments in local communities. The Sweden Democrats have become more popular since the 2015 migrant crisis and expelling their 
extreme right wing becoming the second largest party with both entrepreneurs and 
blue collar workers as well as the overall male vote. This has alarmed the 
Social Democrats but more so the 
centrist liberals and agrarians 
who detest extremism and are generally associated with the right-wing coalition. Despite their associations the liberal and centre parties chose to support the Social Democratic government in 2018 to stop the Sweden Democrats from getting into government. However when the left-centre bloc collapsed in 2022 the Liberal party caved and joined in the government with SD acting in supply and confidence.
Sweden Democrats were historically white supremacist, as their founders Gustaf Ekström and Anders Klarström, were involved with the Waffen-SS during WW2 despite Sweden's neutrality. However, SD formally rejects 
Nazism to modernize its party while expelling its youth wing in the mid-2000s after they associated with 
Nordic neo-nazi organisations. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, they've been supporting Sweden's membership in NATO.
Following the 2022 elections, SD is the second-largest party in Riksdag.
Kasselstrandism is the ideology of Swedish politican Gustav Kasselstrand, and his party, Alternative for Sweden. Kasselstrand formed the party in 2018 after he and the youth group he was a part of were expelled from the Sweden Democrats for their positive relations with Nordic neo-fascist organizations. The party took inspiration from other 
European right-wing parties such as 
Alice Weidel's Alternative for Germany, then- 
Anneliese Kitzmüller's 
Freedom Party of Austria, and Marine Le Pen's National Front. In the same month the AFS was founded, two members of the SD defected to it, but were counted as independents, since the AFS wasn't represented in the 
Riksdag. The party failed to enter the Riksdag during the 2018 elections, despite gaining social media popularity. Kasselstrand and the AfS then participated in the 2019 European parliament elections, where they received an endorsement by far-right European party Alliance for Peace and Freedom, but again failed to gain a seat.
In policy, the AfS advocates for three things:
The AfS commonly criticizes Sweden's current political establishment, accusing it of being politically correct. Kasselstrand advocates for hard Euroscepticism, calling the EU a threat to Swedish independence. The AfS advocates for forming a Nordic defense alliance, and 
rearming the Swedish army. The AFS calls for 
reducing the use of fossil fuels, restricting welfare benefits to Swedish citizens, and banning same-sex marriage.
Switzerland 
Dettingism is the ideology of 
Swiss politician Marcel Detting, and his party, the Swiss Peoples Party. The SPP is a national conservative party, calling for the perservation of Switzerland's national sovereignty and culture. Detting and his party call for the strengthening of Switzerland's current foreign policy, opposing Swiss membership in the EU and NATO. Like other European right-populist parties, the SVP is opposed to Islam, and the SVP has supported Switzerland's banning of the Burqa.
Spain 
The Political Party 
Vox is the most successful right-wing populist party in Spain. It supports 
Spanish nationalism, centralism, 
nativism, economic liberalism, 
atlanticism, Soft Euroscepticism and traditionalism.
This political party was founded at the end of 2013 like a split of 
People's Party mainly formed from Centralists against the autonomy statutes, Neoconservatives and 
Social Conservatives.
The first election in which the party stood it was the 2014 European Parliament elections with Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca as a candidate in which the party got 246,833 votes, finishing 11th in those elections, but despite the large number of votes received, could not get any seats, after participating in several elections without much success,o nly having some success in Melilla and Madrid, but during the summer of that year the party suffered an internal crisis in which people like 
Ignacio Camuñas, Cristina Seguí and even Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca.
But in 2014 Santiago Abascal and he became the chairman of the party, which he remains to this day. In February 2015 the political party called Right Navarre and Spanish that now is called "Vox Navarre". Later the party focused on the regional elections of that year and only getting 22 councilors and 2 mayors.
The party became more radicalized since the formation decided to participate in the Eurosceptic convention that took place in Koblenz where Santiago Abascal had contact with people like Marine Le Pen, Frauke Petry and Geert Wilders, for after have a very close contact with 
Steve Bannon, also in the same year was one of the political parties that made the most activism against the 
Catalan independence Movement.
In the 
Andalusian regional elections of 2018 the party got 396,607 votes obtaining the 5th place obtaining representation for the first time of those elections and got 12 seats due to his Anti-Immigration, Traditionalist and Spanish Nationalist speech, but when it began to have more voice it was in the Spanish General elections of the 2019, in April it got 2,688,092 and 24 seats, but when the elections were held again in November of the same year, in this case it reached 3,656,979 votes and having 52 seats and a greater representation in the Congress of Deputies would not have much success in 2020. with the regional elections of the Basque Country and Galicia but in 2021 and 2022 the party have already begun to have a large number of votes in Madrid, Catalonia, Castile and Lion and Andalusia, governing as vice presidents in Castile and Lion, along with PP.
In 2020, after a split in the 
España 2000 party, the 
Hacer Nación party was founded. The party participated in the 2023 local elections, winning two councilors in the town of Velilla de San Antonio. The party also participated in the 2023 anti-government protests.
Noviembre Nacional 
In Spain, an early general election called by 
Social Democrat Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez would be held in 2023. These elections would be won by the People's Party, but due to not having enough support in Congress, a possible government of Pedro Sánchez together with 
socialist forces and support from pro-independence parties looked viable. Thus, Sánchez's government was negotiating an investiture pact with Catalan pro-independence groups that would include an amnesty law for pro-independence politicians implicated in Catalonia's 2017 declaration of independence. Due to these agreements with pro-independence groups, Spanish right-wing parties (like Vox or People's Party) started to form protests against the amnesty in different cities in Spain and at the PSOE headquarters.
Within these protests, a group known as 
"Noviembre Nacional" (National November) was formed, which defended Spanish natio