List of movements/Political Parties/China

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List of Political Parties and Societies

Mainland China 中国大陆

统一战线 (United Front)[1]

非法党派 (Illegal and banned political parties)

歷史上的 (Historical)

Hong Kong 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區

亲北京阵营 (Pro-Beijing camp)

民主派 (Pro-democracy camp)

親國民黨派 (Pro-KMT camp)

本土派 (Localist groups)

Macau 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區

親北京陣營 (Pro-Beijing camp)

民主派 (Pro-democracy camp)

Manchukuo 滿洲國 (1932–1945)

List of Movements

Current

Historical

List of Leaders

Rulers of Ancient China

Note: The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe (共和) regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute as the dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors（三皇五帝） (c. 3162 BC-c. 2070 BC)

Note: These figures are considered to be legendary and its authenticity are regarded as disputed.

Title Name by which most commonly known Reign (according to tradition) In Chinese
Huang1,4,5/Di3 Youchao 3162–2962 BC 有巢
Huang/Di3 Suiren 2962–2852 BC 燧人
Huang4/Di3 Fuxi 2852–2737 BC 伏羲
Huang1/Di1 Yan Emperor/Shennong 2737–2698 BC 炎帝 / 神農
Huang5/Di1,2 Yellow Emperor 2698–2598 BC 黃帝 / 軒轅
Di2 Shaohao 2597–2514 BC 少昊
Di1,2 Zhuanxu 2514–2436 BC 顓頊
Di1 Ku[2] 2436–2366 BC 帝嚳
Di1 Zhi 2366–2358 BC 帝摯
Di1 Yao (of Tang) 2356–2255 BC 帝堯 / 唐堯
Di1 Shun (of Yu) 2255–2208 BC 帝舜 / 虞舜

1 — According to the Records of the Grand Historian (《史記》).

2 — According to the Chu Ci (《楚辭》).

3 — According to the Book of Rites (《禮記》).

4 — According to the Shangshu dazhuan (《尚書大傳》) and Baihu tongyi (《白虎通義》).

5 — According to the Diwang shiji (《帝王世紀》)

Xia（夏） (c. 2070 BC - c. 1600 BC)

Shang（商）(c. 1600 - c. 1046 BC)

Zhou（周）(c. 1046 - 256 BC)

Western Zhou (西周) (c. 1046 - 771 BC)

Eastern Zhou (東周} (c. 771 - 256 BC)

Emperors of Imperial China (WIP)

Qin（秦）(221 - 206)

Western Han (西漢) (202 BC - 9 AD)

Xin（新） (9 - 23 AD)

Cheng (成家) (25 - 36 AD)

Eastern Han (東漢) (25 - 220 AD)

Three Kingdoms（三國）(220 - 280)

Cao Wei（曹魏）(220 - 266)

Shu Han（蜀漢） (221 - 263)[3]

Eastern Wu（東吳）(222 - 280)

Jin（晉) (266 - 420)

Western Jin (西晉) (266 - 316)

Eastern Jin (東晉) (317 - 420)

Sixteen Kingdoms（十六國）(304 - 439)

Han Zhao (漢趙) (304 - 329)

Northern Han (北漢) (304 - 318)
Former Zhao (前趙) (318 - 329)

Cheng Han (成漢) (304 - 347)

Cheng (成) (304 - 338)
Han (漢) (338 - 347)

Later Zhao (後趙) (319 - 351)

Former Liang (前涼) (320 - 376)

Former Yan (前燕) (337 - 370)

Former Qin (前秦) (351 - 394)

Later Yan (後燕) (384 - 409)

Later Qin (後秦) (384 - 417)

Western Qin (西秦) (385 - 400, 409 - 431)

Later Liang (後涼) (386 - 403)

Southern Liang (南涼) (397 - 414)

Northern Liang (北涼) (397 - 439)

Southern Yan (南燕) (398 - 410)

Western Liang (西涼) (400 - 421)

Helian Xia (胡夏) (407 - 431)

Northern Yan (北燕) (407 - 436)

Northern and Southern Dynasties（南北朝）(420 - 589)

Northern Dynasties（北朝）（420 - 581）

Northern Wei （北魏)（386 - 534）
Eastern Wei (东魏) (534 - 550)
Western Wei (西魏) (535 - 557)
Northern Qi (北齐) (550 - 577)
Northern Zhou (北周) (557 - 581)

Southern Dynasties (420 - 589)

Liu Song (劉宋) (420 - 479)
Southern Qi (南齊) (479 - 502)
Liang (梁) (502 - 557)
Western Liang (西梁) (555 - 587)
Chen (陳) (557 - 589)

Sui（隋）(581 - 619)

Tang（唐) (618 - 907)

Early Tang (618 - 690)

Tang Restoration (705 - 907)

Wuzhou（武周）(690 - 705)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 - 979)

Five Dynasties (907 - 912)

Later Liang (後梁) (907 - 923)
Later Tang (後唐) (923 - 937)
Later Jin (後晉) (936 - 947)
Later Han (後漢) (947 - 951)
Later Zhou (後周) (951 - 960)

Ten Kingdoms (907 - 979)

Former Shu (前蜀) (907 - 925)
Yang Wu (楊吳) (907 - 937)
Ma Chu (馬楚) (907 - 951)
Wuyue (吳越) (907 - 978)
Min (閩) (909 - 944) & Yin (殷) (943 - 945)
Great Yue (大越) (917 - 918) & Southern Han (南漢) (918 - 971)
Jingnan (荊南) (924 - 963)
Later Shu (後蜀) (934 - 965)
Southern Tang (南唐) (937 - 976)
Northern Han (北漢) (951 - 979)

Northern Regimes (916 - 1234)

Liao/Khitan (大遼) (916 - 1125)

Western Xia (西夏) (1038 - 1227)

Jin (金朝) (1115 - 1234)

Song (宋朝)(960 - 1279)

Northern Song (960 - 1127)

Southern Song (1127 - 1279)

Yuan (大元) (1271 - 1368)

Ming（大明）(1368 - 1644)

Regal name Reign Personal name
Hongwu Emperor 1368–1398 Zhu Yuanzhang
Jianwen Emperor 1398-1402 Zhu Yunwen
Yongle Emperor 1402–1424 Zhu Di
Hongxi Emperor 1424-1425 Zhu Gaochi
Xuande Emperor 1425-1435 Zhu Zhanji
Emperor Yingzong 1435–1449 Zhu Qizhen
Jingtai Emperor 1449-1457 Zhu Qiyu
Emperor Yingzong 1457-1464 Zhu Qizhen
Chenghua Emperor 1464–1487 Zhu Jianshen/Jianru
Hongzhi Emperor 1487–1505 Zhu Youcheng
Zhengde Emperor 1505-1521 Zhu Houzhao
Jiajing Emperor 1521-1567 Zhu Houcong
Longqing Emperor 1567-1572 Zhu Zaiji
Wanli Emperor 1572-1620 Zhu Yijun
Taichang Emperor 1620 Zhu Changluo
Tianqi Emperor 1620-1627 Zhu Youjiao
Chongzhen Emperor 1627–1644 Zhu Youjian

Qing[4]（大清）(1636 - 1912)

Regal name Reign Personal name
Hong Taiji 1636–1643 Aisin Gioro Hong Taiji
Shunzhi Emperor 1643–1661 Aisin-Gioro Fulin
Kangxi Emperor 1661–1722 Aisin-Gioro Xuanye
Yongzheng Emperor 1722–1735 Aisin-Gioro Yinzhen
Qianlong Emperor 1735–1796 Aisin-Gioro Hongli
Jiaqing Emperor 1796–1820 Aisin-Gioro Yongyan
Daoguang Emperor 1820–1850 Aisin-Gioro Minning
Xianfeng Emperor 1850–1861 Aisin-Gioro Yizhu
Tongzhi Emperor 1861–1875 Aisin-Gioro Zaichun
Guangxu Emperor 1875–1908 Aisin-Gioro Zaitian
Xuantong Emperor 1908–1912, 1917 Aisin-Gioro Puyi

Ming (南明) (1644 - 1662)

The Southern Ming refers to the Ming loyalist regimes that existed in Southern China from 1644 to 1662. The regime was established by the princes of the already destroyed Ming dynasty. All of these monarchs had their regimes crushed by the Qing forces very quickly. Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) used the Ming dynasty's name and gathered forces before fleeing to Taiwan to establish the Kingdom of Tungking.

Regal name Reign Personal name
Hongguang Emperor 1644–1645 Zhu Yousong
Longwu Emperor 1645–1646 Zhu Yujian
Shaowu Emperor 1646-1647 Zhu Yuyue
Yongli Emperor 1646–1662 Zhu Youlang

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天囯) (1851 - 1864)

Name Reign
Hong Xiuquan 1851-1864
Hong Tianguifu 1864

Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915-1916)

A short-lived attempt by statesman and general Yuan Shikai who attempted to establish himself as emperor in 1915, but his rule was universally accepted as inauthentic. After 83 days, his reign ended.

Regal name Reign Personal name
Hongxian Emperor 1915-1916 Yuan Shikai

Notable Grand Chancellors（宰相）- WIP

Chancellors of Ancient China

Chancellors of Imperial China

Senior Grand Secretaries of Ming Dynasty[5]

Chief Councillors of Qing Dynasty[6]

Leaders of the Republic of China (1912-1949)

Presidents of the Provisional Government (1912-1913)

Presidents of the Beiyang Government (1912-1928) (WIP)

Chairmen of the Nationalist Government (1928-1947)

Leaders of Warlord states (1912-1949)

President of the Anhui Clique

Govenors of the Ma Clique

  • Ma Anliang (Governor of Gansu 1911-1918)
  • Ma Qi (Governor/Chairman of Qinghai 1915-1931)
  • Ma Hongbin (Governor of Ningxia 1921–1928;1948–1949 and Governor of Gansu 1930–1931)
  • Ma Lin (Governor of Qinghai 1931-1938)
  • Ma Bufang (Governor of Qinghai 1938-1949)
  • Ma Honkui (Governor of Ningxia 1938-1949)

Emperor of Manchukuo

President of the Republic of China (1948-1949 de jure, in-exile in Taiwan Province de facto)

Paramount Leaders of the People's Republic of China (Since October 1, 1949)

List of Chinese Presidents

List of Chinese Premiers

Other High Ranking Chinese Politicians

Notes and References

  1. ↑ All parties within the united front have to follow 'Socialism with Chinese characteristics'. Nonetheless they can hold platforms beside that.
  2. ↑ According to legends, Emperor Ku was said to be an inventor of musical instruments and composer of songs
  3. ↑ The Shu Han emperors are more often referred to as 先主 ("Former Master") and 后主 ("Latter Master") in Chinese historiography.
  4. ↑ The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 Aixinjueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name.
  5. ↑ After the death of Hu Weiyong, the title of grand chancellor was abolished. The office of the Grand Secretariat assumed the de facto powers of the chancellery after the reign of the Hongwu Emperor.
  6. ↑ The Qing dynasty bureaucratic hierarchy did not contain a chancellor position. Instead, the duties normally assumed by a chancellor were entrusted to a series of formal and informal institutions, the most prominent of which was the Grand Council. Occasionally, one minister may held enough power in the government that he comes to be identified, figuratively, as the "chancellor".
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