Classical Liberalism
Classical Liberalism is an economically center-right to far-right,
mildly to moderately libertarian, and
culturally variable ideology.
He was conceived some time in the early 18th century as a child of the File:Monkeyzz-Enlightenment.png Enlightenment. He used to believe that people had an inherent right to their "Life, Liberty and Property" though he later amended that to "Life, Liberty and The Pursuit of Happiness".
Classical Liberalism hatched the idea, partly inspired by the French Physiocrats and their concept of laissez-faire, that individual freedom and a free market would result in a balanced economical equilibrium - as long as monopolies were not allowed to develop and destroy competitiveness. He viewed free trade as a path to universal peace and prosperity. He also often strongly opposed landed aristocracy, struggling against
Monarchist and
Reactionary tendencies.
ClassLib is considered the original inspiration for most of the Lib-Right ideologies, including Capitalism, even though the modern concept of capitalism isn't necessarily entirely free market and free trade focused compared with the original Classical Liberalism; since monopoly and market power isn't vigorously kept in check, the state provides benefits to multiple specific corporations, and
Protectionism sometimes sneaks in when it's in the interest of powerful political and economical actors - revealing the connection to ClassLib's old enemy
Mercantilism.
Some time in the early 20th century ClassLib became the father of Liberalism, who managed to then make the Liberal Dynasty into what it is today; with his other offspring,
Libertarianism and
National Liberalism taking on more fringe positions.
History
Origins
Historically the philosophy of classical liberalism has a set of factors which have contributed to its creation and development; the most prominent of these factors include the individualistic attitudes and beliefs of especially the protestant Christian faith, opposition to
authoritarian social contract theories which put the state or law as the source of ethics as opposed to the other way around, as well as the rise of international trade and
industrialisation.
The foundation of classical liberal philosophy is generally attributed to the English philosopher John Locke[3] and his "Two Treatises of Government" (1689) - while the arguably equally important and intrinsically linked classical economy is based on Adam Smith's "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776).
Throughout the history of liberal thought, there's been competing branches, ranging from what could be called "traditionalism" to "radicalism". Thinkers such as John Locke and David Hume may be considered relatively traditionalist, while thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Paine were much more radical in their concepts of liberty. Even Adam Smith may be considered relatively radical in his approach to certain things such as aristocracy and monopoly power, perceiving that markets could fail if natural monopolies were allowed to form.
Development and decline
The United States Constitution was firmly cemented in a liberal philosophy, and the later 19th century success of liberal policies, free trade, etc. in Western Europe and the United States contributed to a massive growth in productivity and exchange.
Later thinkers such as Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill would introduce a utilitarian liberal approach which could be considered a part of a more left-wing branch, at least relatively, being also concerned with inequality resulting from the failures of markets in certain situations. This would eventually give rise to Social Liberalism.
Towards the 20th century, there was still a marked division within the liberal ideology, and political radicals such as David Lloyd George in the UK were at odds with more traditionalist liberals as he passed the People's Budget which provided hitherto unprecedented welfare and sought to impose taxes on the wealthy, especially the landed aristocracy.
In the UK, the liberals would eventually be marginalised by the increasingly dominant dichotomy between File:Soc.png Socialism and Capitalism, with the Conservative Party taking on the mantle of
Paternalistic Conservatism and the newly formed Labour Party wanting to drive social reforms even further than the Liberal Party.
Modern
Liberalism and its meaning
In the US previous to the 1930s election, Democrats, such as Grover Cleveland, were Classical Liberals, thus the party was associated to (Classical) Liberalism and its members were regarded as Liberals. Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, despite representing a huge shift from this ideology, kept on identifying along with his followers as a "Liberal". That's why in The US, liberalism is more often used to refer to Social Liberalism, while in other parts of the world liberalism kept a meaning closer to the original one of Classical Liberalism (though in Europe especially, political parties espousing the term "Liberal" are oftentimes mostly a mixed bag of
Neoliberal,
Neoconservative,
Liberal-Conservative and
Social Liberalism).
Classical Liberalism and
Libertarianism
Those who, in the US, used to identify as Liberals in the broader sense had to start calling themselves Classical Liberals, or Liberals in the Classical tradition, and later in the 40s they started using the term "Libertarianism" to refer to themselves, appropriating the term from Libertarian Socialists, to be differentiated from the Democratic party adherents; and with the passing of time and the radicalization of ideas, the meaning of the term
Libertarianism shifted from a synonym of Classical Liberalism to a more modern version of it, and usually more radical, but sometimes the terms are still used interchangeably, such as Milton Friedman who described himself sometimes as a Classical Liberal and sometimes as a Libertarian.
Some modern Libertarian anti-statists have started to (re)appropriate the term in order to make their vision of a society based purely on property rights and the
free market more legitimate, but some say that it bears little resemblance with the views of the original founders of Liberalism, who were far from being
Anarcho-Capitalists, proposing instead something close to a
night-watchmen state.
However some Anarcho-Capitalists argue that during the 20th century one can identify a distinct radical wing within the Classical Liberal movement, referring to Classical Liberals such as Gustave de Molinari,
Herbert Spencer and
Auberon Herbert, thus calling themselves Classical Liberals (or rather Radical Classical Liberals) wouldn't be as far from the original meaning as it might seem at first.
Variants
Adam Smith Thought ![](//static.miraheze.org/polcompballwiki/a/ae/ASmith.png)
Maderism
Maderism is a political movement based on the ideology of Francisco I. Madero who seeked the resignation of the then President of Mexico
Porfirio Díaz. As a member of the upper-class Madero was able to acknowledge the systemic problems around Díaz's technocratic government. As a classical liberal from his time and taking inspiration from previous figures like
Benito Juarez he valued the political participation of the citizens from all sectors of society, freedom of speech and assembly, restitution of land and the adoption of a liberal economy that would allow the population to participate without restrictions from Porfirian aristocracy.
Pensamiento Benito Juarez
Washingtonism
Washingtonism is based on the political ideology of the first President of the Untied States, George Washington. Despite being elected unanimously, Washington was not a very deep political thinker. He considered himself to be a farmer and a soldier rather than a politician. As such he took a moderate approach to his position as President and surrounded himself with the brightest minds in America including
Thomas Jefferson and
Alexander Hamilton. While Washington valued the input from both men, he more often sided with Alexander Hamilton, particularly on economic and foreign policy issues. Above all Washington's main goal as president was to unite the thirteen colonies under the new federal government and prevent fractioning over geographic or political lines.
Personality
- Sleepy & old
- Slight Scottish accent
- Likes to talk about the benefits of freedom and his correlation with knowledge and wealth
- Act as a gentleman
How to Draw
- Draw a ball with Eyes
- Draw a tricolour of Dark Blue, Gold and White.
- (Optional) draw a renaissance wig.
You're finished
Original: Flag of Classical Liberalism : vexillology
Color Name | HEX | RGB | |
---|---|---|---|
White | #FFFFFF | 255, 255, 255 | |
Yellow | #FFDB28 | 255, 219, 40 | |
Dark Blue | #39386E | 57, 56, 110 |
Relationships
Fellow Freedomites
- File:Enlightnenment.png Enlightenment - Thanks for helping me shape my worldview, parent!
Constitutionalism - One of my major inspirations, I greatly admire him!
Liberalism - I remember when you were a baby. You won't be as influential as me, but I hope that someday you'll prove me wrong.
Capitalism - Quite successful. Focus on being innovative and efficient rather than destructive and we're all good.
Libertarianism - My quite extreme child. Taking some of my ideas a bit far, eh?
Radicalism - My radical son, but I have no idea what you're saying, please talk normally!
Liberaltarianism - Oh boy... Well you do combine the best aspects of Modern Liberalism and Libertarianism but you're kind of *ahem* inbred.
Georgism - Ah yes, my forgotten nephew! Ground-rents, and the ordinary rents from land, are probably the best sources of tax revenue, indeed.
Social Libertarianism - Liberty and free markets, do try to ease off the subsidies though.
Conservative Liberalism - My conservative leaning child!
Paleolibertarianism - You and ConLib will get along just fine, I'm sure of it.
Social Liberalism - My progressive and welfare-loving grandchild.
Liberal Conservatism - My moderate conservative grandchild, who usually thinks that he's
ConLib but he's more statist and centrist instead.
Girondism - My main representative in the French revolution.
Ricardian Socialism - My socialist child, wanna talk ideas sometimes?
Fiscal Conservatism - I like to discuss economics with him.
Liberal Socialism - John Stuart Mill Gang! Not sure about this socialism stuff though.
Social Capitalism and
Ordo-Liberalism - Freiburg School is great too!
Christian Libertarianism - Definitely the best Christian, not to mention that many classical liberal writers were Christians.
Helvetic Model - The best model nowadays.
Civic Nationalism - Most respectable stanistanist, Ernest Renan was great.
Patriotism - Similar to above.
Friedmanism &
Hayekism - My greatest representatives in the XX century.
Coolidgism - Protectionist but overall pretty good president.
Feuillantism - My 2nd representative in the french revolution, a bit moderate even for me.
Jeffersonian Democracy - The American revolution was f*cking awesome! Also the rest of your ideas are pretty enlightning!
Tolerable Statists
Jacobinism - You may be my oldest rival, but I still remember when we declared the First Republic together.
- File:Soc.png Socialism - I remember my rivalry with you, good times.
Classical Conservatism - You too... at least you're better than
Reactionarism.
Social Democracy - I admire your passion for liberty and equality but you're a little too close to File:Soc.png him.
Carlism - Our wars in Spain were bloody,though I admit that the Fueros sounds great.
Objectivism - Huge (and irritating) fan of mine. Even when I agree with her, she's still kind of annoying.
Libertarian Socialism - I like your style, but not so sure about the whole socialism thing.
Neoliberalism - I wish you weren't so regulatory like your
dad. Also, what's with all these invasions with your
friend?
Third Way - Ah yes, my great-grandchild who isn't very different from
their parent...
Liberal Hawk - Am I seeing double?
Market Socialism - My son, how exactly do you expect this to work? At least you're rational enough to understand why we need a free market.
National Liberalism - One of my oldest children. I wish he'd put more focus on liberties as well as for non-citizens and less on race and ethnicity. Also, these
idiots have twisted his views, so please stay away from them!
Reactionary Liberalism -
Bastard child.And I thoughthe was insane...
National Conservatism - The only good thing about you is Enoch Powell, the rest of you are statist traditionalists.
Right-Wing Populism - Similar to above but with a bigger mouth.
Austrolibertarianism - My dear son, I admire your economic vision, I really do, but can't you see that
they stand in the way of the free market? I cannot believe I'm saying this, but some regulations are necessary!
Nationalism - I remember when we both overthrew the old feudal systems, but you also caused a lot of damage in recent times, so you're a mixed bag overall. No offense, but please keep an eye on your
deranged siblings
.
Constitutional Monarchism - Tolerable unlike other members of his family. You helped me in Britain but I had to expel you from the Thirteen Colonies. No taxation without representation, bruv.
Globalism - Economic globalization and world pacifism are based but one world government sounds too much centralization of power I prefer competition between nation-states.
It's okay to be a tax heaven.World Federalism - Interesting idea, but still too much centralization.
Liberal Autocracy - Hayek was right.
- File:Kraut.png Krautism - Glad you distanced yourself from
that lunatic, but you're too regulatory for my taste.
Timocracy - I used to support you, forbidding welfare recipients from voting is a good idea.
Anarcho-Capitalism - Uh...
Tyrants
Monarchism - 1776, asshole!
Absolute Monarchism - Sic semper tyrannis!
Mercantilism - We need Free Trade!
Feudalism - Why on Earth are you attacking me all the time?
Marxism–Leninism - He keeps calling me the "reactionary status quo" but look at me kicking monarchist butts over here!
Reactionarism - Why on Earth would you reject Enlightenment!?
Ultranationalism - Nationalism at its worst.
Fascism - Despot who opposes free trade and liberty. Basically the opposite of everything we stand for. Why do leftists think we're the same again?
Appointing De Stefani as the Minister of Finance was a good choice though.Austrofascism - Same as above but Austrian.
Thanks for appointing Mises as the Minister of the Chamber of Commerce.National Socialism - You tried to kill Mises!
Corporatocracy - We need to talk, my
child... WHAT IN THE BLOODY HELL IS THIS?!
Alt-Lite - You're not one of us and you will never be. You ruined every right-wing liberal movement with that culture war rubbish. And admit it, you're nothing more than a moderate version of
him. GET OUT OF MY SIGHT!!
Ignore what some of my authors and supporters have said about about immigrants, women, feminism and Islam.Alt-Right - You're an outright Neo-Nazi, which is even worse. Stop saying that only white people and white civilizations are able to follow or be the closest to my philosophy! Go ask
Reactionary Liberalism.
Also ignore what some of my authors and supporters have said about race, black people, slavs and fascism.Manosphere - What do you want from me?!
MGTOW and Neomasculinism are mostly good.White Nationalism - Another one?! Good Lord, leave me alone!
Again ignore what the founding fathers and my other supporters said about a white ethnostate.Silver Legionism - You're like him
but American.
Also they really like Washington for some reason.Anti-Fascism - I hate fascism too, but a fan of socialism and rioting.
Babouvism - The seed of the communist evil!
Marxism - My archenemy in modern days.
Illegalism - Own a musket for home defense, since that's what the founding fathers intended. Four ruffians break into my house. "What the devil?" As I grab my powdered wig and Kentucky rifle. Blow a golf ball sized hole through the first man, he's dead on the spot. Draw my pistol on the second man, miss him entirely because it's smoothbore and nails the neighbors dog. I have to resort to the cannon mounted at the top of the stairs loaded with grape shot, "Tally ho lads" the grape shot shreds two men in the blast, the sound and extra shrapnel set off car alarms. Fix bayonet and charge the last terrified rapscallion. He Bleeds out waiting on the police to arrive since triangular bayonet wounds are impossible to stitch up. Just as the founding fathers intended.
Further Information
Literature
Note: List kept in rough chronological order.
- On the Law of War and Peace and The Freedom of the Seas by Hugo Grotius
- Areopagitica by John Milton
- Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke
- The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits by Bernard Mandeville
- Cato's Letters by Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard
- The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu
- Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth by
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
- The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
- A Treatise Concerning Civil Government by Josiah Tucker
- Rights of Man by
Thomas Paine
- The Limits of State Action by Wilhelm von Humboldt
- The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns and Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments by Benjamin Constant
- A Treatise on Political Economy by Destutt de Tracy (and translated by
Thomas Jefferson)
- A Treatise on Political Economy and Letters to Mr. Malthus by Jean-Baptiste Say
- Democracy in America by
Alexis de Tocqueville
- The Bastiat Collection by Frederic Bastiat
- Social Statics; or the Conditions Essential to Human Happiness and Principles of Ethics by Herbert Spencer
- On liberty by
John Stuart Mill
- Essays on Freedom and Power by
John-Dalberg Acton
- A Plea for Liberty: An Argument against Socialism and Socialistic Legislation by multiple writers
20th century and after
- Tracotanza Proteccionista by Luigi Einaudi
- Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition by
Ludwig Von Mises
- The Constitution of Liberty by
Friedrich August von Hayek
- Two Concepts of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
- The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy by Jacob Leib Talmon
- An American Classical Liberalism by
Llewellin H. Rockwell Jr.
- What is a Classical Liberalism? by Ralph Laico
Wikipedia
- Classical liberalism
- Classical economics
- Neoclassical economics
Manchester Liberalism
French Liberal School
School of Salamanca
- Gladstonian liberalism
- Liberism
- Constitutional liberalism
- Homestead principle
- Labor theory of property
- Lockean proviso
- Harm principle
- John Locke
Adam Smith
Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs
Videos
- A Guide to Classical Liberalism and Classical Liberalism, Part 2: The Rise and Fall (and Rise and Fall) by The Academic Agent
- What is Classical Liberalism? and The History of Classical Liberalism by Learn Liberty
- Liberalism: where did it come from and are its days numbered? by The Economist
- What is a Classical Liberal? (Animated) by The Rubin Report
Online Communities
Websites
Gallery
-
Paleoliberalism
Comics
Citations
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