Reactionaryism

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"It is always necessary to call men back to history, which is the first master in politics, or more exactly the only master."

Reactionaryism, also known as Reactionary or Counterrevolutionary, is a philosophy that advocates for the restoration or preservation of traditional social, political, and economic systems. It is characterized by a rejection of progressive or liberal ideas and a belief that society has become too modern or innovative.

Reactionaries argue that traditional values, such as order, tradition, and immaterialism; have been undermined or lost in modern society, and that a return to these values is necessary to restore social cohesion and stability. They also often argue that the Enlightenment, and the ideas and values associated with it, such as reason, individualism, and democracy; have had negative consequences for society, and that a return to pre-Enlightenment ways of thinking is needed.

Reactionaries have a nostalgic view of the past and romanticize or idealize certain historical periods or social structures. They are hostile to social and cultural changes, such as the rise of secularism, gender equality, and the decline of traditional religions or cultural practices.

History

Reactionaryism started, as the name implies, as a reaction to the French Revolution; identifying as absolute monarchists opposed to the revolution. At this time, Reactionaryism organized opposition to the progressive sociopolitical and economic changes brought by the revolution; and they fought to restore the temporal authority of the Church and Crown.

In the post-Napoleonic world, Europe generally returned to its pre-revolution state, with the old French monarchy being restored. During the age of Metternich (1815-1848), Europe was generally led by conservative and reactionary leaders. These regimes were characterized as being monarchist, authoritarian, and counter-enlightenment. The reactionary state of Europe took a strong hit during the July Revolution in 1830, in which the reactionary monarchy of France was replaced by a more enlightened one, and then the revolutions of 1848, in which much of Europe changed towards constitutional monarchy. Throughout the second half of the 19th century only Russia remained as a dominant reactionary power under the rule of Alexander III (1881-1894) By the time WWI came the world existed in a mostly Liberal and enlightened state and reactionary ideology no longer held power. There is some debate over whether or not the Italian Fascists and German Nazis should be considered reactionaries, with proponents of fascism often claiming not, while opponents claim that it is.

In recent times "Reactionary" tends to be used more as a pejorative by progressive and socialist political movements, but the term "neo-reactionary" has more recently been applied to, and sometimes a self-description of, an informal group of online political theorists known as the Dark Enlightenment.

China

Gu Hongming

Gu Hongming was Chinese professor and scholar. He was born in British Malaya and was taken to Scotland for education. He studied at University of Edinburg and then in Paris. Gu then returned to Brtish Singapora and worked in its civil administration. Next, he travelled to Chinese Empire and again served in administration.

Along his friend, Leo Tolstoy, he opposed Hundred Days' Reform movement. Gu resigned from administration post in 1911, showing his loyalty towards Qing Dynasty. Even after fall of the dynasty, he retained his support for monarchy and Confucian values.

Gu Hongming died in 1928 in Beijing.

Yuan Shikai

Yuan Shikai was a Chinese military officer and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty rule of China in 1912, later becoming the Emperor of China.

He established the first modern army and a more efficient provincial government in North China during the last years of the Qing dynasty before forcing the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, the last monarch of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Through negotiation, he became the first President of the Republic of China in 1912. This army and bureaucratic control were the foundation of his autocratic rule. In 1915 he attempted to restore the hereditary monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor.

He first tried to save the dynasty with a number of modernization projects including bureaucratic, fiscal, judicial, educational, and other reforms, despite playing a key part in the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform with others conservative elements.

Falun Gong

Falun Gong (法轮功) or Falun Dafa (法轮大法) is a new religious movement, known for its reactionary and anti-communist sentiment founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s and since 1999, have been banned by the Communist Party of China, with its members actively being persecuted and arrested for their beliefs. It practices 3 core tenets:

  • 真 (Truthfulness) - Honesty
  • 善 (Compassion) - Do good things and practice virtues irl.
  • 忍 (Forbearance) - Do not get angry and hate people even if they do incorrect things or offend you.

Falun Gong emerged toward the end of China's "qigong boom" — a period that saw a proliferation of similar practices of meditation, and promotion of Confucian values. The movement gained widespread popularity in China throughout the 1990s and by 1999 government sources estimated that there were 70-100 million practitioners, more than there were CPC members at the time (although this number was most likely a gross overestimate). Falun Gong initially enjoyed support from the Chinese government which actively promoted the spiritual group despite its right-wing anti-communist leanings. This could be because Deng Xiaoping, after his 1992 Southern Tour, decided to drop socialism completely and fully embrace free-market capitalism and may have perceived Falun Gong due to its promotion of Confucian values as a counterbalance to the Chinese New Left and liberal opposition. The fact Falun Gong promotes itself as a healthy qigong practice that can cure diseases without one needing to take medicine may have been cost-effective and convenient for the Chinese government as China at the time lacked a proper healthcare system. And there have been lots of cases where practicing Falun Gong cured diseases, but many of these cases were not published to the public and remain as stories of miracles that are told between other practitioners, family, and friends. And Falun Gong believes the proper term is “cleansing the body”, as they see the ultimate goal of curing the diseases is to make spiritual progress and they refuse to just cure anybody who doesn’t want to practice Falun Gong long-term and are just here for curing. In 1995, Li Hongzhi declared that he had finished teaching Falun Gong in China, and began spreading the practice abroad. Between 1995 and 1999, Li traveled the world giving lectures on his beliefs wherever he went. Falun Gong associations and clubs began appearing all throughout Europe, North America, and Australia. Li Hongzhi moved to the United States in 1996 with his wife and daughter, and in 1998 became a U.S. permanent resident, settling in New York, where Falun Gong's headquarters remain to this day. The Chinese government under President

Jiang Zemin had little to no support due to mass poverty, corruption, nepotism, and repression by state officials which fueled the popularity of Falun Gong which many perceived as an escape from the bitter reality. Jiang Zemin came to perceive the spiritual group as a threat to his power as an increasing number of CPC officials (Possibly including future President Xi Jinping) actively practiced or sympathized with Falun Gong themselves. Jiang Zemin started a campaign against Falun Gong, labeling it as an “evil cult” and stirring up the public against it by playing propaganda and fake news across all the TV stations and newspapers in China. On 25 April 1999, about 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners gathered near the central appeals office in Beijing to demand an end to the escalating harassment against the movement, and on 29 July the same year, Falun Gong was banned by the Central Government. The persecution of Falun Gong enabled Jiang Zemin to seize control of media, police, and the military to eliminate dissent. He even went so far as to create his own paramilitary organization called the “610 Office” to persecute the spiritual group. Re-education through labor, Laojiao, rapidly expanded with hundreds of camps being built all across the country to jail Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents.

The persecution of Falun Gong gave Jiang Zemin unprecedented powers and made it easier for him to maintain a high level of influence over Party politics after his term ended in 2004 when he was forced to formally hand over power to the new Paramount Leader Hu Jintao. Local officials often competed to arrest as many Falun Gong practitioners as possible to show their loyalty to Jiang's faction. The Governor of Liaoning, Bo Xilai, was one of the leading officials in the Anti-Falun Gong campaign which made it easier for him to rise through the ranks of the Party. The anti-Falun Gong propaganda includes a staged suicide video by the CCP (which was broadcasted to every single TV station at one point), accusing criminals of practicing Falun Gong and letting them go unpunished if they say they did, using religious puppet groups to condemn Falun Gong, and much more.

The persecution of Falun Gong caused many of its practitioners to flee China. Jiang Zemin saw this and started to tell other countries anti-Falun Gong propaganda, giving them a “black list”, which contains names of Falun Gong practitioners so they can be sent back to China if they attempt to go oversees. As there wasn’t many news about Falun Gong outside of China at the time, many countries believed Jiang Zemin. But after a while and lots of Falun Gong protests, other countries started to question Jiang Zemin’s words and eventually accepted Falun Gong. Many settled in the US where they would gain financial support from the US government and the Republican Party to promote conservative anti-communist sentiment. Falun Gong practitioners established a vast global media network consisting of arts and entertainment company Shen Yun, the newspaper Epoch Times, New Tang Dynasty Television (NTD Television) broadcaster, and the YouTube channel China Uncensored, among others that promote negative coverage of CCP's China.

Falun Gong due to their revisionist views of the ancient dynasties are believers in the mandate of heaven which stresses that when the rulers of China become too corrupt and inept to rule the Chinese people will overthrow the government and a new dynasty will take its place.

Falun Gong (among other Chinese dissident groups) alleges the CCP abroad carries out organ harvesting and torture of prisoners of conscience with the organs being sold on black markets with creditable evidence. Falun Gong practitioners abroad have signed arrest warrants for Jiang Zemin and Bo Xilai for engaging in genocide. In 2013 Spain ordered the arrest of former President Jiang Zemin meaning that he no longer can set foot in Spain without being put on trial. But not all of the west support Falun Gong, especially when the CCPstarted infiltrating western media. For example, in 2001 the New York Times interviewed Jiang Zemin, and after the interview, the persecution of Falun Gong was almost never talked about again on the NYT. The New York Times, since then, has also published articles filled with easily debunkable fake news with interviewings from former/rejected Shun Yun dancers instead of actual ones to try to make Shun Yun look bad (for example they accused of Shun Yun of not sending injured dancers to the hospital or let them rest, while in reality there is record of the said dancers being at the hospital/resting at home). The CCP is actively trying to get western media to portray Falun Gong as weird, intolerant, threatening, and undeserving of sympathy. CCP spies even tried to bribe the File:IRS.png IRS to cancel Shen Yun, but the spies were caught and arrested.

Falun Gong media often promote views in line with the Republican Party and Western conservative politicians such as Steve Bannon, Mitch McConnell, and Lindsey Graham. This includes political stances like opposition to open immigration, multiculturalism, gun control, and anything perceived to be left-wing or progressive They are also very critical of "elites" a corporations such as Bill Gates' Microsoft and Cisco which they accuse of having helped China set up their surveillance network, Great Firewall, and promoting Chinese state propaganda. Falun Gong support the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan over the Kuomintang which they perceive to be too friendly to CCP's interests and want China and Taiwan to be recognized as separate countries. They're also highly supportive of other Chinese dissident organizations such as the World Uyghur Congress, the Central Tibetan Administration, and the Hong Kong Democracy Movement, as Falun Gong hopes the CCP will crumble.

Falun Gong media have gained widespread popularity and coverage since Donald Trump's presidential campaign. The group portrays Trump as a messiah-like figure sent from heaven to destroy the Chinese Communist Party. Before 2021, anti-CCP affiliated media (including Falun Gong medias) such as China Uncensored regularly tried to portray then-presidential candidate Joe Biden and the US Democratic Party as communist sympathizers that would turn the US into a Chinese vassal state should Trump not win the 2020 Presidential Election. Since Trump lost (which the group initially denied by promoting the election fraud conspiracy) and Biden won the presidency, Falun Gong media has back-tracked on their negative coverage of the Democratic Party as US-China relations have only worsened over the past 2 years contrary to what they had previously told their audience would happen.

Even though former President Jiang Zemin has significantly lost influence within the Communist Party and eventually died in 2022, over the past decade due to losing the power struggle against current Paramount Leader and President Xi Jinping, Falun Gong remains illegal in China, possibly because of Xi's fear that legalizing the group would mean to admit the CCP did something wrong in the first place which would greatly polarize Chinese society.

There are various theories as to why Falun Gong was suppressed by CCP. Most explanations stem from the CCP system, such as the threatening nature of Falun Gong to CCP rule, its independence from the PRC, and the internal politics of the CCP.

Some scholars argue that Falun Gong is at odds with CCP's atheistic political ideology. Falun Gong's belief system is based on traditional Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and is therefore not bound by CCP laws but only by morality. Falun Gong's beliefs represent a revival of traditional Chinese religion, a challenge to the legitimacy (mainly in morals) of the CCP regime, and a threat to the CCP's right to interpret history, and can be seen as an ideological enemy of the CCP, and therefore subject to purge.

It is also worth noting that, in China, the claims of Falun Gong being a cult (邪教) only exist in party resolutions, and have not been legitimized by China's own law systems.[5]

Liu Zhongjing

Liu Zhongjing is Chinese publicist and historian. He's prominent figure of Chinese pro-Western right-wing. Liu graduated from Sichuan University and then worked as police officer in Xinjiang. There, he witnessed how Uyghurs were treated. Liu identifies as Bashu, not a Chinese, and supports Bashu separatism. Since 2015, he leads Basuria independence movement. In 2016 Liu became a Christian and emigrated to United States.

Liu's views, known as Auntology, include his own division of civilizations. In his views, civilizations can be divided into three spheres:

Liu criticized Chinese nationalism, promoted by both CCP and Kuomintang party. Additionally, he supports separating many lands from China, making the country smaller and even reviving cultural groups that were assimilated by Chinese. Liu also states between First and Second World Wars, CCP was controlled by Soviet Union and Chinese people were used as human shields against Japanese Empire.

France

Clerical Philosophers

Clarical philosophers were anti-revolutionary thinkers, seeking to undermine intellectual foundations of French Revolution. They highlighted its destructive and anti-Catholic character. One of main objectives describing said philosophers is their attitude towards the Catholic Church - they all viewed it as key social institution.

Joseph de Maistre

Main Article: Counter-Enlightenment#Maistreanism

Joseph de Maistre was Italian-born[6] French statesman and main philosopher of reactionary tendency within conservatism. He was also precursor of File:Romanticism romanticism.

His main ideas are Absolute Monarchism#God-Given Right to Rule\monarchy as divinely sanctioned institution and social inequalities being part of the natural order. De Maistre opposed Enlightenment rationalism, seeing it as source of Jacobin reign of terror.

Louis de Bonald

Like De Maistre, Louis de Bonald was also a reactionary philosopher. He criticized French Revolution's centralism and {{PHB|Individualism|individualism]].

He supported restoration of guild system, workers' right to associate and class collaboration. In De Bonald's opinion absolute monarchy and Catholic Church as key to secure domestic tranquillity.

François-René de Chateaubriand

Main Article: Classical Conservatism#François-René de Chateaubriand

François-René de Chateaubriand was French writer, politician and statesman. Witnessing French Revolution, he became counter-revolution. As a writer, Chateaubriand is mainly known for his defence of Catholic faith.

Though, at first, not being reactionary, he supported Bourbon Restoration. He accepted revolutionary changes, but not in terms of social principles. His positions were closer to conservative liberalism but slowly shifted towards ultra-royalism.

Action Française

Main Article: Integral Nationalism

Integral Nationalism is ideology of Action Française - French political movement. It supported Catholic Integralism, corporatism and national syndicalism. The movement opposed democracy, parliamentarism and centralism.

French Renewal

French Renewal was political party in France. It was founded in 2005 and was member of European National Front. Even though French Renewal was a party, it didn't take part in elections and condemned parliamentarism. It claimed to have thousands of sympathizers and had its branches in Brittany, Normandy and few other regions. Party's site published texts by veterans of Organisation armée secrète.

Party was a ultranationalist, corporatist and strasserist. French Renewal was also counterrevolutionary, opposing ideas of Enlightenment and French Revolution. Party supported Traditional Catholicism, while opposing Marxism, Classical Liberalism and Freemasonry. It also claimed to be successor of Action Française. In 2007, the party encouraged its sympathizers to vote for Jean-Marie Le Pen.

Germany

Freikorps

Main Article: Police Statism#Freikorps

Freikorps were anti-communist and anti-socialist paramilitaries during early days of the Weimar Republic.

Majority of them were supportive of abolished monarchy and wanted to restore it.

Faustianism

Faustianism was an idea in Spenglerian philosophy. The idea compared the European civilization to Faust, character from German legend. Faust sold his soul to devil in exchange for gaining more power - for Spengler it was parallel to European culture.

Conservative Revolution

Main Article: Conservative Revolution

Conservative Revolution was the authoritarian, nationalist, militarist and anti-Enlightment movement in Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933.

Hungary

Pal Pronay

After World War I, there was an attempt to form democratic government in newly independent Hungary. However, liberals led by Mihály Károlyi were quickly overthrown by communist revolutionaries. Then, Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. In addition to economic problems and mass repressions (later known as the Red Terror), the state was also attacked by Romania and Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, rival government began to form in the south. Its military affairs were managed by Miklos Horthy who soon created the National Army. The army was soon joined by Pronay, a military officer of noble origin. In 1919, Pronay started to organize anti-communist partisan units, later known as the White Guard. Advancing through territories controlled by communists, Pronay's men began an series of incredibly violent repressions against the enemies of new government as well as rebelling peasants. Meant as a revenge for communist repressions, the White Guard's actions were later called the White Terror. In August 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic collapsed and its government fled the country. In November, Romanian troops withdrew from Hungary and counterrevolutionary government took power. Pronay installed his unit in Budapest and planned city wide pogrom of Jews but was stopped by Horthy. In 1920 Pronay's paramilitary was dissolved and he was put on trial for extorting a wealthy Jewish politician, and for insulting the President of the Parliament. He was found guilty and his command was revoked. After serving short sentence, Pronay turned against Horthy's regime and even took part in the second attempt to restore the Habsburg dynasty. In 30s, Pronay tried to initiate a mass movement, similar to Nazism. In 1944, then 69-years-old Pronay created a death squad. He then vanished and was believed to have died during the siege of Budapest. In reality, he was captured in 1945 by Soviet troops and sentenced for 20 years in a gulag. Pronay died either in 1947 or 1948.

Italy

Sanfedismo

Sanfedismo (or Sanfedism in English) was mass movement opposing jacobinism and republicanism. Aimed to restore Kingdom of Naples, the movement fought against French-aligned Parthenopean Republic, which was created on 21 January 1799. It was led by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo.

Movement, made mainly of peasants, achieved its goal - the republic was overthrown on 13 June 1799. Name "Sanfedists" is sometimes used more broadly - describing other peasants armies fighting against French client states on Apennine Peninsula.

Superfascism

Superfascism, also known as Evolaism, is an ideology based on the views of philosopher, painter, and poet Giulio (Julius0 Evola, being authoritarian, radically far-right, and occult. Evolaism in general is based on a few principles: Neo-fascism, ultra-traditionalism, and Occultism/Mysticism. Julius Evola was the first person to translate Laozi's Tao Te Ching in Italian.

  • Occultism/Mysticism: The main characteristic of Evolaism is Occultism and Mysticism, which is evident when he thought about killing himself but changed his mind after reading a Buddhist text. He believed in Novalis' magical idealism and Hermeticism, with an interest in Tantra and Esotericism. He believes in the Left Hand Path and that certain individuals would be using dark sexual powers against the current world and also that anyone who rejects "the leveling world of democracy, capitalism, multiracialism and technology in the early 21st century" would find relief. amidst the chaos. He also uses esotericism and uses Buddhist, Tantric, Hermetic, and Pagan texts, opposing Christianity. He also endorses ghosts, telepathy, and alchemy.
  • Racism: He bases his racial views on his elitism and aristocracy and on esoteric racism, believing that there is a racial difference also in spiritual matters, in which the "heavenly Aryan race" would be reconstituted in Nazi-fascist regimes, also based on Hyperborea. He is also anti-Semitic but criticizes Hitler's exaggerated anti-Semitism.
  • Ultra-traditionalism: He is a strong opponent of modern society and that there was an Ancient Golden Age and that modern society was corrupted and (as stated before) would have individuals using dark sexual power in between.

Mexico

El Yunque

El Yunque is alleged secret society in Mexico. Its existence was for first time claimed in 2003 by journalist Alvaro Delgado. All reports about organization come either from its critics or alleged former members.

Its claimed that El Yunque was created in 1950s and influences , country's major conservative party, since then. Delgado claims that El Yunque have strongly influenced former president Vincente Fox. Moreover, organization's influence is said to extend to United States and Spain.

According to Delgado, El Yunque is anti-communist, anti-liberal, anti-semitic and ultracatholic. He also claims it displays fascist traits.

Russia

Nichols I

Tsar Nichols I Pavlovich ruled Russian Empire from 1825 to his death in 1855. Three decades of his reign are mainly known due to Tsar's reactionary policies.

Newly-crowned Tsar began his rule by smashing the demonstration of liberally military officers. The "uprising", known as Decembrist revolt, demanded representative form of government and a constitution. Soon, the Tsar ordered expansion of secret services and censorship. Nichols I had also removed many local autonomies:

  • Autonomy of Bessarabia was removed in 1828.
  • Autonomy of Kingdom of Poland was abolished in 1830, after unsuccessful uprising by Poles.
  • Autonomy of kahal was removed in 1843.

The exception was Finland - it was allowed to keep its autonomy because of Finnish soldiers' help in crushing the November Uprising.


Under Nichola's reign, Ministry of Education adopted "Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality" as its slogan and key principle. Tsar's emphasis on Orthodoxy manifested in efforts to convert Eastern Rite Catholics (living in Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania) to Orthodoxy. He have strengthened Tsarist Autocracy and increased repressions of political opponents. Principle of Nationality was cause for increased russification efforts. Larger emphasis on nationalism caused debate about Empire's future. Political scene divided between westernizers and Slavophiles - Tsar supported the latter. However, even though Tsar was undoubtfully a reactionary, he also did some reforms - during his reign railway system was expanded. Moreover, he was opponent of serfdom and even abolished it in Livonia.


Nicholas I also put large emphasis on the military - he expanded conscription laws and put military officers in charge of nearly all government agencies. The army was not only mean to punish criminals or undesirables (local officials often sent them to military), but also way to upward for non-Russian nobles, such as Georgians, Finns or Poles. Tsar himself saw the military as model for a society, valuing the order.

In his foreign policy, Nichols I focused on protecting ruling monarchies and crushing the revolutions. He aligned himself with Austrian Chancellor Klemens von Metternich and soon earned the title "gendarme of Europe". Tsar intended to help crush the Belgian Revolution and condemned the July Monarchy. Nicholas I also abolished constitutional monarchy in Poland and sent Russian troops to crush Hungarian uprising.

Pyotr Stolypin

Main Article: Monarcho-Capitalism#Russia

Pyotr Stolypin was third prime minister of Russia, serving from 1906 t0 1911. Although he's mostly known for his agrarian reform, Stolypin was also staunch tsarist and implemented economic reforms hoping they will help preserve the monarchy. He also violently fought the revolutionary movements.

Black Hundreds

Main article: Black Hundredism

The most famous examples of Reactionaryism in XX. century Russia were the Black Hundreds, a term for ultranationalist and absolute monarchist groups in Russia during the early 20th century.

The groups were known for instigating anti-Semitic pogroms such as the Kiev progrom in 1905 that killed 100 Jewish people. The Black Hundreds believed that Jews were behind the creation of communism and feminist movements.

White Movement

Main Article: Authoritarian Conservatism#Russian White Movement


Although White Movement in Russia was broad anti-Bolshevik front there were some more reactionary members. Most known are:

  • Lavr Kornilov was general in pre-revolutionary army. At first, he supported Provisional Government and its leader - Alexander Kerensky. General Kornilov was motivated by fear of liberal and socialist tendencies, he attempted coup d'état. Kornilov failed and was imprisoned. After start of Russian Civil War, Kornilov escaped the prison and led Volunteer Army. His army was defeated.
  • Alexander Kolchak was military officer and leader of anti-communist Russian State. As anti-Bolshevik conspiracy groups began appearing in Petrograd, many of them asked Kolchak to accept leadership. As soon as civil war started, he joined the White Movement. After taking over Provisional Siberian Government, he created government described as royalist and autocratic.
  • Roman von Ungern-Sternberg was Russian military officer and warlord. He saw monarchs as accountable only to God, thus he opposed any attempt to give people right to decide future of . During the civil war, he joined White Guard and soon created his own warlord state in Mongolia.

Spain

Carlism

Main Article: Carlism

Carlism is Traditionalist and Legitimist movement in Spain. It aimed to restore alternative branch of House of Bourbon.

Thailand

WIP

Variants

Antiquitism

Antiquitism is an off-the-compass variant of reactionary thought. It states that anything possible to inherit from ancestors should be conserved, mostly in museums. That is why this ideology could also be called "unconditional conservatism".

Revolutionary Conservatism

WIP

Beliefs

Reactionaryism preaches the return to a previous political state of society, aims to restore a status quo, usually does it as a result of principles which go against the current order, such as philosophical or religious condemnation of a given society. They see the society of the past as inherently superior in terms of morality. While all reactionaries are culturally far-right, it's not always the other way around, especially for ideologies that propose a new system entirely as opposed to a direct return to status-quo-ante (example: Esoteric Fascism). However, as the society of today is so different in many ways, opposition to it may inevitably seek inspiration from past systems, directly or not. It also often is based around strict hierarchies and strong religiousity.

Examples

Personality

Reactionary is very religious and traditional, likes challenging people to duels, and speaks old English (e.g. thou), maybe also Latin or Greek. He's against progressivism and "degeneracy", believing they're ruining civilization. Reactionaryism advocates the use of violence against progressives and wants to cleanse the world of degeneration by erasing any progressive ideas from the face of the earth. He's best friends with Traditionalism and Authoritarian Conservatism and has many descendants, not all of whom he deems successful.

How to Draw

  1. Draw a ball
  2. Draw the eyes
  3. Fill the ball with dark blue
  4. (Optional) Draw a yellow/buff crutch cross inside a yellow/buff circle
  5. (Optional) Draw a black Tricorne hat with yellow lines on top.
Flag of Reactionaryism
Color Name HEX RGB
Space Cadet #1A193A 26, 25, 58
Minion Yellow #FFE74D 255, 231, 77


Relationships

Blessed and redherbed

  • Counter-Enlightenment - Father knows best.
  • Traditionalism - The way it shall be.
  • Kraterocracy - My brother in arms, we both despise degeneracy.
  • Mercantilism - Blessed, efficient and goldpilled.
  • Absolute Monarchism - I shall restore thee to thy former power. I just wish thou would respect traditional noble rights more.
  • Feudalism - Thou art a good source of my inspiration.
  • Cultural Conservatism - Protect thy realm's culture.
  • Authoritarian Conservatism - Thou hath also conserved a lot.
  • Christian Right - Thou art the best variant of mainstream conservatism, but can be too moderate.
  • Carlism - Dios, patria y rey!
  • Integralism - Viva Christo Rey!
  • Brazilian Integralism - Avante! Avante! Pelo Brasil toca a marchar! It was still better under the Portuguese.
  • Neo-Ottomanism - Osmanlı İmparatorluğu merkezli tutuyor. But Anatolia was better under the Roman and Byzantine Emperors.
  • Integral Nationalism - Keep thine realm blessed.
  • Black Hundredism - Боже, царя храни!
  • Chinese Theocracy - 甚善。What do you mean there is no bringing back [insert previous dynasty]?
  • Khomeinism - Now that is how you do a republic! But pre-Islamic Persia was good too.
  • Cromwellism - Thou art a Christian form of the above.
  • Jacobitism - *turns around* Who wouldna fecht for Cherlie!
  • Hindutva - धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः! But it was better under the British.
  • Francoism - My blessed Spanish colleague. Still prefer Carlism.
  • Salazarism - Another Iberian who conserves.
  • Crusadism - Thou art a holy warrior! DEUS VULT!
  • Jihadism - Same with thou, الله أكبر!
  • Kahanism - And thou. But it was better under the [insert previous empire] that conquered Jerusalem at one point.
  • Reactionary Populism - A splendid way to bring the tradition back into the minds of the riff-raff.

Questionable

  • Monarcho-Socialism - Why art thou a socialist, my lord?
  • Anarcho-Monarchism - Why art thou an anarchist, my lord?
  • Reactionary Liberalism - Why art thou a lib? I still admire that thou hath ended the Jacobin madness.
  • Reactionary Socialism - The same as above, please understand the obvious - socialism did not exist before the Enlightenment.
  • Reactionary Libertarianism - ...and neither did libertarianism.
  • Neoreactionaryism - Thou art blessed but please go outside. Your time on weird websites hath made you speak queerly. And thy admiration for modern philosophers is positively dubious...
  • Reactionary Modernism - Technology may not be all that bad it seems, but go outside, one video game of Crusader Kings (whatever that is) too many, son.
  • Archeofuturism - son, what is this creature?
  • Conservatism - Thou call thyself a conservative, yet, what hast thou conserved?
  • Classical Conservatism - Thou wish to conserve more but still accept some degeneracy, also Pitt wanted religious freedom in the United Kingdom as if he were some libtard so I had to oust him.
    • Pittites - That is because I am not a Tory, Addington.
  • Conservative Feminism - Some call thee a tradthot.
  • Monarcho-Fascism and Clerical Fascism - The best types of fascism, but I still prefer the Ayutthaya Kingdom over Phibun, and Habsburg Croatia over the NDH.
  • Manosphere - Thine fight against degradation and support for traditional gender roles is blessed, but thou art often degenerate.
  • Neoluddism - The Industrial Revolution was a mistake, but thou sadly don't reject the Enlightenment (which happened before the industrial revolution). And Theodore was godless.
  • Hoppeanism - Ancap reactionary? Hmm...
  • Alt-Right - Thou art correct in some ways, but very degenerate at the same time. Please go outside and touch grass.
  • Alt-Lite - Thou art like the above, but weaker and spineless. Thou shall also touch grass.
  • Guild Socialism - Thou dost advocate the medieval days, but please rid thyself of that socialist filth. I care not for a peasant unless he serves his lord.
  • Islamic Democracy - Heading in right direction. Morsi is a reactlib, so he's a frenemy. Thy Turkish variant became a blessed Ottomanist, so he is good.
  • Christian Democracy - Also in the right direction.
  • Confessionalism - Same as above.
  • Esoteric Fascism - Fellow esoteric react... wait, WHAT?! Ancient Nordic aliens, that colonized Earth in the past and uplifted human tribes? Lost technologies of Aryans? Pagan gods as cargo cults of the aliens? Abrahamic Demiurge worshippers, that are slaves of Archon-lizards? Astral realm Hyperborea that is even more advanced than material civilizations? Please, take thine remedies, thou art queer and demonic. And stoppeth calling me a "cucktionary"!
  • Lys Noir - Mine... Anarcho-Communist son?
  • Libertarian Monarchism - Libertarianism is cursed, but I respect my king.
  • İttihadism - Thou art no reactionary but opposing him at the end was blessed.
  • Black Islamism - You believe in all this? Egads...
  • Pagan Theocracy - Those of us who want to return to antiquity support you, but those who want to return to the Middle Ages or 17th century do not.
  • Anarcho-Primitivism - Thou are following the most traditional way, but thou express no civilization.
  • Patriot Whiggism - Thou might be worse libtards than he is but thou are at least principled and worked with me against Walpole's corruption.
  • Derby Dillyism - Least worst Whig.
  • American Whiggism - No this is the least worst Whig.
  • Jacksonian Democracy - Not bad for a libtard continuing colonization was based.
  • Maoism - "The essence of Mao-Tse Tung Thought is thus derived, including the following points: 'You must know how to despise men, how to exploit their weaknesses, how to exploit their hidden desires, how to break the constraints of morality, tradition, habit, and all symbols.' No matter how noble and respectable they appear, people are despicable. Everyone is fighting the secret desire to keep from throwing off the shackles of civilization and the burdens of propriety at all costs. If you respect people, you are actually preventing them from liberating themselves. Their reason will be grateful to you, but their heart of darkness will drive them to hate you without even knowing why. If you trample on their chains, you're actually helping them free themselves. Their reason will condemn you, but the heart of darkness will love and appreciate you. Whoever indulges in form will get bubbles. Whoever submits to the heart of darkness will receive the substance.' The rest of Mao-Tse Tung T is the product of the combination of the above essence and specific circumstances by himself and his disciples."[7]

Wretched and blueherbed

Every single progressive, communist, liberal not mentioned above, but particularly:

  • Enlightenment Thought - I hereby challenge thee to a duel!
  • Neo-Enlightenment - Good lord!
  • Enlightened Absolutism - Why, just why, did my king betray me? I restored you against the Jacobins in Sicily though, VIVA TATA MACARONE!
  • Bonapartism - You are a one-man threat to the old realm. Bourbon restoration go brrr. (And hath completely embraced Christianity on thy deathbed)
  • Progressivism - I AM COMING FOR THOU!
  • Revolutionary Progressivism - Truly my opposite. Thou art a plague upon this land and its people. Thou poisoneth the minds of our children with thine degenerate ideas of "progress" and causeth them to grow up to be degenerates like thou. Thou art not even worthy of a duel. I will finish thee off on the spot. Begone, blasphemous scum!
  • Secularism - Thou deprive the populace of meaning and diminish their birth rates. I shall separate the neck from thy head instead!
  • Nazism and Fascism - Wicked modernist hegelians.
  • Liberalism - Have at thee, heritage-ruining degenerate!
  • Liberal Conservatism, Conservative Liberalism, Conservative Socialism, Neoconservatism, Progressive Conservatism, Anarcho-Conservatism - Thy arth all conservatives in name only. THOU CONSERVE NOTHING.
  • Old Whiggism - THOU CONSERVE NOTHING! I have no idea why they keep calling you Tories.
  • Homoconservatism - Thou art a traitor to conservatism itself! Damn, ye sodomites!
  • Democracy - As Fürst von Metternich said: "In Europe democracy is a falsehood. I do not know where it will end, but it cannot end in a quiet old age"
  • Radical Democracy - Possibly the worst ideology.
  • Feminism - Respect thy traditional roles, and get back to the kitchen, lady.
  • Radical Feminism - Hey wicked Lilith, is that your hellish demonic daughter?
  • Bleeding-Heart Libertarianism - Thou art probably the worst version of Libertarianism.
  • Pink Capitalism - Thou art a wretched merchant.
  • Marxism - Every prediction thou hath ever made was wrong.
  • Leninism - Damn you for killing the Romanovs and destroying Russian culture, replacing it with a simulacrum of “Soviet culture”.
  • Dengism - 法輪大法好，退出中共黨、團、隊保平安!
  • Left-Wing Populism - Thou art just a socialist who rouses rubble.
  • Frankfurt School - A rebranded Marxist? Absolutely vile.
  • Hoxhaism - The monster that destroyed Albania! Thou art pure evil!
  • Vperedism - Abandoning the traditions of thy past will only result in collapse and violence!
  • Posadism - Aliens doth not exist and yet I am the "sky daddy worshiper". May ye perish!
  • Jacobinism - Where's thy jaw boy?
  • Kemalism - Cope and seethe when thy legacies art being ditched by my Turkish counterpart.
  • Futurism - Ah, the end product of enlightenment nationalism.
  • Revolutionary Techno-Progressivism - [Comment removed by moderator]
  • British Whiggism - Thou art a treacherous traitor who stole my powers away to parliament then used them to destroy the last of my supporters' wealth by taxing their land, thou art the spawn of Satan!
  • Robinocracy - All thou wanted was to become king through wealth and parliament! I am the king by God something thou shall never be.

Further Information

For overlapping political theory see:

Neoreactionaryism, Counter-Enlightenment, Jacobitism

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  1. ↑ "We were colonial subjects. After 300 years of being here the British didn't build anything for us - only to tell us how to sing Baa Baa Black Sheep and God Save the Queen."
  2. ↑ Jammeh claimed in 2007 that he found a cure for AIDS.
  3. ↑ Nicholas I had an aggressive and interventionist foreign policy, and he played a large role in suppressing liberal movements in Europe.
  4. ↑ Pronay's paramilitary aimed to restore past relations between the landlords and the estate servants.
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult#China
  6. ↑ "Italian" refers to cultural and geographical region, not a country - de Maistre was born in Kingdom of Sardinia.
  7. ↑ By Liu Zhongjing. See in https://liuzhongjing.medium.com/%E6%AF%9B%E6%BE%A4%E6%9D%B1-56dda86fcbd5
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