List of movements/Militant and/or Criminal Groups/Europe

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Albania

Historical

Balli Kombëtar remnants (1949-1952)
- Free Albania National Committee (1949-1952)
Supporters of King Zog (1949-1952)

World War II

Collaborators

Albanian Fascist Militia (1939-1943)
- Vulnetari (1941-1946)
Balli Kombëtar (1943-1945)
Kosovo Regiment (1943)
Skanderbeg Division (1944)

Resistance

Albanian National Liberation Army (1942-1945)
Balli Kombëtar (1942-1943)
Legality Movement (1943-1945)

Austria

World War II

Collaborators

Austrian SS (1938-1945)

Resistance

Communist Party of Austria (1938-1945)
Revolutionary Socialists of Austria (1938)
Union of Catholic German Student Fraternities (1938)
Association of Catholic Nobles in Austria (1938)
Austria Free (1938-1939)
Burian Group (1938-1944)
Group 40 (1938-1945)
Socialist Workers Assistance (1938-1945)
Müller-Thanner Group (1938-1945)
Greater Austrian Freedom Movement (1939-1940)
Maier-Messner-Caldonazzi Group (1940-1944)
- Anti-Fascist Freedom Movement in Austria (1941-1944)
Austrian Freedom Movement (1940-1944)
Austrian Independence Movement (1943-1945)
Tyrolean Resistance Movement (1943-1945)
O5 (1944-1945)
New Free Austria (1944-1945)

Baltics

Historical

Collaborators

Estonian Legion (1942-1943)
Estonian Division (1943-1945)
Estonian Brigade (1943-1944)
Latvian Legion (1943-1945)
First Latvian Division (1943-1945)
Second Latvian Division (1944-1945)

Resistance

Forest Brothers (1944-1956)
- Estonian national partisans (1944-1956)
- Latvian national partisans (1944-1956)
  - Don't Serve the Occupant Army (1944)
- Lithuanian national partisans (1944-1956)
  - Lithuanian Liberation Army (1941-1946)
  - Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania (1943-1956)
  - Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters (1949-1953)
Soviet Partisans (1941-1945)

Belarus

Active

Historical

Collaborators

Belarusian National Socialist Party (1933-1945)
Belarus Independence Party (1939-1944)
- Black Cats (1944-1950s)

Resistance

Soviet Partisans (1941-1944)

Belgium

Collaborators
- Formations de Combat (1940-1944)
- Diets Militia—Black Brigades (1940-1944)
- Walloon Guard (1941-1944)
- Formations B (1943-1944)
- Veiligheidskorps (1944)
Resistance
- Reconstructed Belgian Army (1940-1941)
- Belgian Legion (1940-1943)
- Belgian National Movement (1940-1944)
- Legion of Campine (1940-1944)
- National Royalist Movement (1940-1944)
- Belgian Military Organisation of Resistance (1940-1944)
- Service D (1940-1944)
- White Brigade (1940-1944)
- Independent Front (1941-1944)
  - Free Wallonia (1940-1944)
  - Leraren Officieel Middelbaar Onderwijs (1940-1944)
  - Austrian Freedom Front (1940s-1944)
  - Armed Partisans (1941-1943)
  - Patriotic Militia (1941-1944)
  - Committee for the Trade Union Fight (1941-1944)
  - Committee for the Defence of Jews (1942-1944)
  - Solidarity (1942-1944)
  - Belgian Army of Partisans (1944)
- Comet Line (1941-1944)
- Groupe G (1942-1944)
- Army of Belgium (1943-1944)
- Secret Army (1944)

Bulgaria

Historical

Collaborators
- Ratniks (1941-1944)
- Union of Bulgarian National Legions (1941-1944)
Resistance
- Fatherland Front (1941-1944)
  - People's Liberation Insurgent Army (1941-1944)

Anti-Communist Resistance

Goryani (1944-1960s)

Czech Republic

Collaborators

Government Army (1939-1945)
Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions (1944)

Resistance

Central Leadership of Home Resistance (1941)
- Defence of the Nation (1939-1945)
- Committee of the Petition "We Remain Faithful" (1941)
- Political Centre (1941)
For Freedom: Into a New Czechoslovak Republic (1941)
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1941-1945)
Jan Žižka Partisan Brigade (1944-1945)
First Czechoslovak Army in Slovakia (1944)
- Slovak Insurgent Air Force (1944)
Government Army rebels (1945)
Russian Liberation Army rebels (1945)

Croatia

Crusaders (1945-1950s)

Collaborators

Ustaše (1929-1945)
- Croatian Home guard
- Ustaška vojnica
Waffen SS division Handschar

Resistance

National Liberation Movement

Denmark

Collaborators

Storm Afdeling (1941-1945)
Free Corps Denmark (1941-1943)
Danish People's Defence (1943-1944)
Peter Group (1943-1945)
HIPO Corps (1944-1945)
- Lorenzen Group (1944-1945)

Resistance

Churchill Club (1941-1945)
Hvidsten Group (1943-1944)
Holger Danske (1943-1945)
Danish Freedom Council (1943-1945)
- Civil Partisans (1942-1945)
- Danish Unity (1943-1945)
- The Ring (1943-1945)

France

Active

Historical

National Liberation Front of Corsica (1976-2016)
Proletarian left (1968-1973)
Direct Action (1979-1987)

Germany

Historical

Spartacus League (1914-1919)
Freikorps (1918-1939)
Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten (1918-1935)
Ruhr Red Army (1920)
Einwohnerwehr (1920-1921)
Organisation Consul (1920-1922)
Young German Order (1920-1933)
Sturmabteilung (1921-1945)
Roter Frontkämpferbund (1924-1929)
Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold (1924-1933)
Schutzstaffel (1925-1945)
Black Band (1929-1933)
National Socialist Motor Corps (1931-1945)
Iron Front (1931-1933)
Antifaschistische Aktion (1932-1933)
Leipzig Meuten (1937-1939)
Schutzstaffel (1925-1945)
Sturmabteilung (1921-1945)
National Socialist Flyers Corps (1937-1945)
Volkssturm (1944-1945)
Combat Groups of the Working Class (1953-1989)
Tupamaros West-Berlin (1969-1971)
Red Army Faction (1970-1998)
2 June Movement (1972-1989)
Revolutionary Cells (1973-1993)
Rote Zora (1974-1995)
Hepp-Kexel-Group (1982-1983)
Anti-Imperialist Cell (1992-1995)
National Socialist Underground (1999-2011)

Greece

Active

Defunct

Ιερός Λόχος (Sacred Band) (1821-1884)
Народноослободителен фронт (National Liberation Front) (1945–1949)
Δημοκρατική Άμυνα (Democratic Defence) (1967-1970)
Επαναστατικός Λαϊκός Αγώνας (Revolutionary People's Struggle) (1975-1995)
Επαναστατική Οργάνωση 17 Νοέμβρη (Revolutionary Organization 17 November) (1975–2002)
Επαναστατικοί Πυρήνες (Revolutionary Nuclei) (1996–2000)
Οργανισμός Επαναστατικής (Organization for Revolutionary Self-Defense) (2014-2019)

Italy

Active

Historical

World War II

Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (CLN) (1943-1947)
- Brigate Garibaldi (1943-1945)
- Brigate Giustizia e Libertà (1943-1945)
- Brigata Maiella (1943-1945)
- Formazioni Autonome Militari (1943-1945)
- Organizzazione Franchi (1943-1945)
- Brigate Fiamme Verdi (1943-1945)
- Brigate Matteotti (1943-1945)
Bandiera Rossa (1943-1947)
Battaglione Lucetti (1943-1945)
Brigate Bruzzi-Malatesta (1943-1945)
Brigate Osoppo-Friuli (1943-1945)
Brigata Partigiana Stella Rossa (1943-1945)

Years of Lead

Far Left terrorists
- Workers' Power (1967 - 1973)
- October 22 Group (1969 - 1971)
- Continuous Struggle (1969 - 1976)
- Red Brigades (1970 - 1988)
- Workers' Autonomy (1973 - 1979)
- Armed Proletarian Cells (1974 - 1977)
- Armed Proletarians for Communism (1976 - 1979)
- Front Line (1976 - 1983)
Far Right terrorists
- New Order Scholarship Center (1956 - 1974)
  - New Order Political Movement (1969 - 1973)
- People's Struggle Organization (1969-1973)
- National Vanguard (1960 - 1976)
- Black Order (1974 - 1978)
- Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (1977 - 1981)
- Third Position (1979 - 1982)

Moldova

Armata Neagră (1949-1950)

Poland

Historical

Polish Confederations (13th century - 19th century) ^[2]
- Confederation of Maciej Borkowic (1352–1358)
- Wieluń Confederation (1423–1424)
- Confederation of Zbigniew Oleśnicki (1438)^[3]
- Confederation of Spytko of Melsztyn (1439)
- Prussian Confederation (1440-1454)
- Chicken Rebels (1537)
- Warsaw Confederation (1573)
- Rzeszów Confederation (1587)^[4]
- Wilno Confederation^[5]
- Zebrzydowski Rebels (1605)
- Tyszowce Confederation (1655)
- Brotherly Union (1661-1662)
- Sanctified Union (1661-1663)
- Pious Union (1662)
- Lubomirski's Rebels (1665-1666)
- Pigeon Confederation (1672)
- Valkininkai Confederation (1700)^[6]
- Warsaw Confederation (1704-1709)
- Sandomierz Confederation (1704-1717)
- Dzików Confederation (1734-1736)
- Słuck Confederation (1767)
- Toruń Confederation (1767)
- Radom Confederation (1767)
- Bar Confederation (1768–1772)
- Targowica Confederation (1792-1793)
- General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland (1812-1813)
Cursed soldiers (1944-1963)
- Peasants' Battalions (1940-1945)
- National Armed Forces (1942-1946)
- NIE (1943-1945)
  - Armed Forces Delegation for Poland (1945)
- Resistance of the Home Army (1944)
- National Military Union (1944-1950s)
- Citizens' Home Army (1945)
- Freedom and Independence (1945-1952)
  - Freedom and Justice (early 1950s)
- Underground Polish Army (1945-1954)

Romania

Iron Guard remnants (1940s-1962)
- National Defence Front – Hajduk Corps (1944-1949)
- Leon Șușman's group (1944-1949)
- Sumanele Negre (1944-1946)
- Cross and Sword Organization (1946-1958)
- Great Romania Partisans (1948-1949)
- National Bloc (1948-1949)
- Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu's group (1948-1956)
- Vlad Țepeș Organization (1951-1953)
- Vrancea group (1953)
Peasant Guards (1940s-1962)
- Capotă-Dejeu group (1946-1958)
White Guard (1944-1946)
White Army (1944-1946)
Uturea group (1944-1946)
Carpatin Făgărășan Group (1944-1950)
Gavrilă Mihali Ștrifundă's group (1945-1961)
Dumitru Apostol group (1946)
Ștefan Popa's group (1946-1958)
Sandu Maxim's group (1946-1958)
Haiduks of Muscel (1947-1960)
National Liberation Movement (1947-1962)
Resistance point Fetea (1948-1950)
Teodor Șușman's group (1948-1951)
Arnota partisans (1949)
Gavril Vatamaniuc partisan group (1949-1955)
Diamandi Ionescu's group (1951-1952)
Dobrogea's Haiducs (1951-1953)
Șerban-Voican group (1951-1957)

Russia

Active

Historical

Male State (2016-2021)
Islamic State - Caucasus Province (2015-2017)
GTA Gang (2012-2014)
Primorsky Partisans (2010)
Turkish Mujahideen (2009-2017)
Combat Organization of Russian Nationalists (2008-2011)
Caucasus Emirate (2007-2016)
Caucasian Front (2005-2007)
Combat Terrorist Organization (2003-2006)
Grey Wolves (1999-2009)
Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan (1998-1999)
- Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan (1998-2002)
  - Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade (1998-2002)
- Special Purpose Islamic Regiment (1996-2006)
Arab Mujahideen in Chechnya (1994-2012)
Ukrainian People's Self-Defence (1994-1996)
Ingush Militia (1992)
National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (1945-1960s)

Russian Civil War

Red Army

White Army

Russian Republic (1917-1918)
Don Cossacks (1917-1918)
Volunteer Army (1917-1918)
Komuch (1918)
Ural Army (1918-1920)
Siberian Army (1918-1919)
Ufa Directory (1918)
Russian State (1918-1920)
West Volunteer Army (1918-1919)

Third Power

Green Armies (1918–1922)

Serbia

Historical

Unification of Death (Black Hand) (1901-1917)
Chetniks (1945-1950s)

Slovenia

Blue Guard (1945-1950s)

Spain

Active

Resistência Galega

Defunct

International Brigades (1936-1938)
Maquis (1939-1965)
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Homeland and Liberty) (1959-2018)
Warriors of Christ the King (1968-1980)
Front d'Alliberament Català (Catalan Liberation Front) (1969-1977)
Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (1971-1978)
Spanish Basque Battalion (1975-1981)
First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (1975-2007)
Guanche Armed Forces (1976-1978)
Terra Lliure (Free Land) (1978-1995)
Loita Armada Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Armed Struggle) (1978-1984)
Antiterrorist Liberation Groups (1983-1987)
Guerrilla Army of the Free Galician People (1986-1991)

Ukraine

Pro-Russian Separatists

Disbanded

Donbas People's Militia (2014)
- Russian Orthodox Army (2014)
- Miner's Division (2014)
  - Kalmius Battalion (2014)
- United Battalions (2014)
  - North Battalion (2014)
  - Lugansk People's Militia (2014)
Army of the South East (2014)
- Batman Battalion (2014-2015)
  - DSHRG Ratibor (2014)
Jovan Šević Detachment (2014-2015)
Orthodox Dawn (2014-2015)
Legion of Saint Stephen (2014-2015)
Carlos Palomino International Brigade (2014-2015)
Odessa Brigade (2014-2015)
Varyag Battalion (2014-2015)
Interunit (2015-2017)

Pro-Government

Disbanded

Prykarpattya Battalion (2014-2015)
Kryvbas Battalion (2014-2015)
Battalion of "Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists" (2014-2019)
Oleh Liashko's militia (2014)
Tornado Company (2014-2015)
Noman Çelebicihan Battalion (2016)

Historical

Cossack Hetmanate

Kosinski Cossacks (1591–1593)
Nalyvaiko Cossacks (1594–1596)
Zhmaylo Cossacks (1625)
Fedorovych Cossacks (1630)

Ukrainian Revolution

World War II

Soviet Partisans (1941-1945)
Ukrainian Insurgent Army (1944-1953)

United Kingdom

Active

Defunct

Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army (1922 - 1969)
Republican Congress (1934 - 1936)
Free Ulster (1955)
Free Wales Army (1963 - 1969)
Movement for the Defence of Wales (1963 - 1969)
Ulster Protestant Volunteers (1966 - 1969)
Free Ireland (1967 - 1975)
Official Irish Republican Army (1969 - 1972)
Provisional Irish Republican Army (1969 - 1998)^[9]
Red Hand Commando (1970 - 2007)
Irish National Liberation Army (1974 - 2009)
Sons of Glyndŵr (1979 - mid 1990s)
Anti-Fascist Action (1985-2001)
Irish People's Liberation Organisation (1986 - 1996)
Loyalist Volunteer Force (1996 - 1998)
Real Irish Republican Army (1997 - 2012)
Cornish National Liberation Army (2007)
Republican Action Against Drugs (2008 - 2012)
Óglaigh na hÉireann (2009 - 2018)

↑ BYPOL consists of former police officers who oppose the Lukashenko administration, they also recognize Tikhanovskaya as the legitimate ruler of Belarus.
↑ Polish confederations were ad hoc associations formed by Polish–Lithuanian szlachta (nobility), clergy, cities, or military forces in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims. A konfederacja often took the form of an armed rebellion aimed at redressing perceived abuses or trespasses of some (e.g. royal) authority. Such "confederations" acted in lieu of state authority or to force their demands upon that authority.
↑ The confederation was created as to urge the aristocracy to unite against the Hussites
↑ The confederation was created as to urge the supporters of the two main candidates of the 1587 Royal Elections, Sigismund III of the house of Waza and Maximilliam III of the house of Habsburg not to fight
↑ The Confederation was formed between Protestant and Orthodox members of the Szlachta to unite against Catholicism
↑ Formed by lower aristocracy against the Sapieha-Różański magnates (higher aristocracy)
↑ According to russian media, there is a military unit consisting of bashkir nationalists fighting on the side of Ukraine
↑ A pejorative term used to describe politicians and businesspeople who fled the country before and/or after the invasion. Another variant of this term is Munich Territorial Defense Forces.
↑ The Provos wanted a united Ireland under a Democratic Socialist republic. They were influenced by Frantz Fanon, Che Guevara, Antonio Gramsci, Ho Chi Minh, Nelson Mandela and Võ Nguyên Giáp.

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