Religious Nationalism
Religious Nationalism is an ideology that incorporates religion into nationalism. It seeks to use a shared religion to unite people under a national identity. It typically holds reactionary and intolerant views towards members of other religions, but not always. Religious nationalism is compatible with practically any religion, including Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.
History and Variants
Ideologically driven religious nationalism may not necessarily be directed against other religions, but may be formulated in response to modernity and, in particular, as secular. The imbalance between religious and political aspects and, by appealing to national feelings, such as Islamic identity, as has often been the case in Pakistan and Indonesia, can lead to regional tensions.
In general, many types of nationalism carry religious aspects, but as a marker of group identity, not as an intrinsic motivation for nationalist claims.
Christian Nationalism
Christian nationalists are more focused on domestic politics, such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity. In the United States, Christian nationalism tends to lean towards Conservatism. Characteristic radical forms of religious or church nationalism appeared in the right spectrum of the political field in various European countries, especially during the interwar period in the first half of the 20th century.
In Europe, one of the most radical forms of Christian religious nationalism was Christoslavism, the belief that the Slavs can be exclusively Christians, and if they abandon this religion, they cease to be Slavs. As an example, Bosniaks who converted to Islam were considered by the Serbs as Turks. Christoslavism was used as an ideological justification for the persecution (as well as eventual genocide) of Bosniaks during the Yugoslav wars.
In Poland, a characteristic feature of nationalism has always been loyalty to the Roman Catholic Church. Groups like National Revival of Poland use slogans such as "Wielka Polska Katolicka (Greater Catholic Poland)" and violently protest against the legalization of same-sex marriage and abortion.
In Russia, it is characterized by a common belonging to Orthodoxy. Many Russian neo-Nazi movements, such as Russian National Unity, are calling for an increased role for the Russian Orthodox Church.
Christian Right
The Christian right, or Christian Conservatism, is a political coalition of factions that is characterized by their strong support of Traditionalism and National Conservatism. Christian conservatives seek to influence politics and public policy with their interpretation of the teachings of Christianity.
In the United States, the Christian right is an informal coalition formed around a core of largely conservative evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics. The Christian right draws additional support from other politically conservative Christians, such as mainline Protestants, Orthodox Christians and Latter Day Saints (Mormons). The movement has its roots in American politics going back as far as the 1940s; it has been especially influential since the 1970s. Its influence draws from grassroots activism as well as from a focus on social issues and the ability to motivate the electorate around those issues.
The Christian right is notable for advancing socially conservative positions on issues such as support for school prayer, intelligent design, temperance and Sunday Sabbatarianism, as well as opposition to embryonic stem cell research, LGBT+ rights, sex education, abortion, and pornography.
Ulster Loyalism
WIP
Islamic Nationalism
For a variant applied to Indonesia see: Pancasila
According to the two-nation theory, Pakistani nationalism is very closely related to the Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam and Pan-Islamism. It is also associated with awareness as well as the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help shape national identity.
The Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of Shia and Persian nationalism. Ayatollah Khomeini's anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist views attract several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worry the international community.
Hindu Nationalism
Main article: Hindutva
Buddhist Nationalism
In the context of Myanmar’s political opening since March 2011, Buddhist activism has made headlines over the past two years due to outbreaks of communal violence across the country marked by religious difference, notably anti-Muslim, that threaten to derail Myanmar’s once-promising transition. Many see a connection between these violent episodes and the rise of new Buddhist networks and organizations, including the 969 movement and the Patriotic Association of Myanmar. [1]
Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism is influenced by Sinhalese Buddhist mytho-history that was deployed by monks and politicians in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries to assert that Sri Lanka is the designated sanctuary for Theravada Buddhism, belongs to Sinhalese Buddhists, and Tamils and others live there only due to Sinhalese Buddhist sufferance. This ideology has enabled majority superordination, minority subordination, and a separatist war waged by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). [2]
Judaism Nationalism
Main article: Religious Zionism
Relationships
Friends
- Theocracies - Best way to enforce religious nationalism.
- Hindutva - My more extreme Indian counterpart.
- Religious Zionism - My Jewish friend!
- Pancasila - Me applied to Indonesia!
- State Shinto - Me in Japan, at one point in time.
- Christian Democracy & Islamic Democracy - My moderate friends!
- Neo-Ottomanism - What can I say except BASED?!
- Indigenism - Eh, you are more spiritual than following a specific religious ideology, but still based.
Frenemies
- Clerical Fascism - My extreme self. Oh my...
- Esoteric Fascism - Same as above, but even more extreme.
- Ba'athism - الله, سوریا و بشار! (even if you're secular)
- Religious Anarchism - At least you're religious.
Enemies
- Laicism - Heathen!
- File:Progress.png Progressivism - Your unholy habits have no place in a God-fearing society!
- Revolutionary Progressivism - Violent degenerate. How I long for you to be licked by the flames of Hell!
- LGBT Conservatism - The devil shall hunt you down!
- State Atheism - DEVIL SPAWN!!
- Globalism - I won't let my nation be poisoned by the world's sinful ways!
- Stalinism - Actively persecuted religious figures, so burn in hell!
- Neighborstan - You too burn in hell, You sinful country!
Further Information
Texts
Wikipedia
People
Note: Some people on this list were not actively religious themselves, but used religious nationalism as a way to gain support.
Christian Nationalism
- George Whitefield (1714-1770) UK
- Theodoros Kolokotronis (1770-1843) Greece
- Alexander Dubrovin (1855-?) Russia
- Pyotr Stolypin (1862-1911) Russia
- Andrey Sheptytsky (1865-1944) Austria-Hungary/Ukraine
- José Félix Uriburu (1868-1932) Argentina
- Billy Graham (1918-2018) USA
- Engelbert Dolfuss (1892-1934) Austria
- Ion Antonescu (1882-1946) Romania
- Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1899-1938) Romania
- Francisco Franco (1892-1975) Spain
- Plínio Salgado (1895-1975) Brazil
- Jozef Tiso (1887-1947) Slovakia
- Aloysius Stepinac (1898-1960) Croatia
- Vihtori Kosola (1884-1936) Finland
- Gerald Burton Winrod (1900-1950) USA
- Eoin O'Duffy (1890-1944) Ireland
- Syngman Rhee (1875-1965) South Korea
- D. F. Malan (1874-1959) Apartheid South Africa
- William Dudley Pelley (1890-1965) USA
- Georgios Grivas (1897-1974) Greece/ Cyprus
- Ngô Đình Diệm (1901-1963) South Vietnam
- Ngô Đình Thục (1897-1984) South Vietnam
- Osvaldo Lira (1904-1996) Chile
- Sun Myung Moon (1920-2012) North/ South Korea
- Ian Paisley (1926-2014) Northern Ireland
- Mobutu Sese Seko (1930-1997) Zaire/ DRC
- Lubomyr Huzar (1933-2017) Ukraine
- Seán Mac Stíofáin (1928-2001) UK
- Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) USA
- Jerry Falwell Sr. (1933-2007) USA
- Jaime Guzmán (1946-1991) Chile
- Kenneth Copeland (1936-) USA
- Eric Rudolph (1966-) USA
- Ron Paul (1935-) USA
- Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow (1929-2008) Russia
- Patriarch Kirill of Moscow (1946-) Russia
- George W. Bush (1946-) USA
- Pope Benedict XVI (1927-) Germany
- Daniel Ortega (1945-) Nicaragua
- Tony Perkins (1963-) USA
- Alexander Gauland (1941-) Germany
- Ann Coulter (1961-) USA
- Georges Sada (1939-) Iraq
- Joseph Kony (1961-) Uganda
- Robert Lewis Dear (1958-) USA
- Donald Trump (1946-) USA
- Mike Pence (1959-) USA
- Vicky Hartzler (1960-) USA
- Ted Cruz (1970-) USA
- Marjorie Taylor Greene (1974-) USA
- Viktor Orbán (1963-) Hungary
- Andrzej Duda (1972-) Poland
- Olavo de Carvalho (1947-2022) Brazil
- Jair Bolsonaro (1955-) Brazil
- Jeanine Áñez (1972-) Bolivia
- Mayra Flores (1986-) USA
- Jacek Międlar (1989-) Poland
- Lauren Chen (1994-) Canada
- Madison Cawthorn (1995-) USA
- Nick Fuentes (1998-) USA
- Keiko Fujimori (1975-) Peru
- Pedro Castillo (1969-) Peru
- Vladmir Putin (1952-) Russia
- Salva Kiir Mayardit (1951-) South Sudan
- Chris Hill (?-) USA
Islamic Nationalism
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) Najd
- Hassan Modarres (1870-1937) Persia
- Ibn Saud (1875-1953) Saudi Arabia
- Noman Çelebicihan (1885-1918) Crimea
- Hassan al-Banna (1906-1949) Egypt
- Abul A'la Maududi (1903-1979) Pakistan
- Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975) USA
- Louis Farrakhan (1933-) USA
- Khaled bin Musaid (?-1965) Saudi Arabia
- Fahd bin Abdulaziz (1923-2005) Saudi Arabia
- Ahmed Yassin (1937-2004) Palestine
- Muhammed Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988) Pakistan
- Muammar Gaddafi (1942-2011) Libya
- Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-1989) Iran
- Ali Khamenei (1939-) Iran
- Qasem Soleimani (1957-2020) Iran
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (1956-) Iran
- Ebrahim Raisi (1960-) Iran
- Abbas al-Musawi (1952-1992) Lebanon
- Hassan Nasrallah (1960-) Lebanon
- Hassanal Bolkiah (1946-) Brunei
- Mohammed Omar (1960-2013) Afghanistan
- Akhtar Mansour (1928-2016) Afghanistan
- Hibatullah Akhundzada (1960s-) Afghanistan
- Osama Bin Laden (1957-2011) Saudi Arabia
- Hasan Mahsum (1964-2003) Xinjiang
- Mahathir Mohamad (1925-) Malaysia
- Abdul Hadi Awang (1947-) Malaysia
- Ibrahim Ali (1951-) Malaysia
- Necmettin Erbakan (1926-2011) Turkey
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (1954 -) Turkey
- Anwar al-Awlaki (1971-2011) Yemen/ USA
- Alparslan Türkeş (1917-1997), Turkey
- Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (1971-2019) Iraq
- Dokka Umarov (1964-2013) Chechnya
- Nouri al-Maliki (1950-) Iraq
- Mohammed Morsi (1951-2019) Egypt
- Ismail Haniyeh (1962-) Palestine
- Abdul-Malik al-Houthi (1982-) Yemen
Jewish Nationalism a.k.a. Religious Zionism
- Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1880-1940) Ukraine/ Russia
- Avraham Stern (1907-1942), Russia/ Mandatory Palestine
- Eliyahu Giladi (1915-1943) Austria-Hungary/ Mandatory Palestine
- Meir Kahane (1932-1990) USA/ Israel
- Yehoshua Cohen (1922-1986) Israel
- Baruch Goldstein (1956-1994) USA/ Israel
- Menachem Begin (1913-1992) Russia/ Israel
- Yitzhak Shamir (1915-2012) Belarus/ Israel
- Ariel Sharon (1928-2014) Israel
- Yigal Amir (1970-1995) Israel
- Benjamin Netanyahu (1949-) Israel
- Naftali Bennett (1972-) Israel
- Ayelet Shaked (1976-) Israel
- Ben Shapiro (1984-) USA
Buddhist Nationalism
- Thubten Gyatso-13th Dalai Lama (1876-1933) Tibet
- Thích Quảng Đức (1897-1963) South Vietnam
- Ne Win (1911-2002) Socialist Burma
- Rienthong Nanna (?-) Thailand
- Plaek Phibunsongkhram (1887-1964) Thailand
- Li Hongzhi (1951-) China
- Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara (?-) Sri Lanka
- Min Aung Hlaing (1956-) Myanmar
- Prayut Chan-o-Cha (1954-) Thailand
- Ashin Wirathu (1968-) Myanmar
Shinto Nationalism a.k.a State Shinto
- Emperor Meiji (1852-1912) Japan
- Emperor Hirohito (1901-1989) Japan
Hindu Nationalism a.k.a. Hindutva
- K.B. Hedgevar (1889-1940) India
- Nathuram Godse (1910-1949) India
- Amit Shah (1964-) India
- L. K. Advani (1927-) India
- Narendra Modi (1950-) India
- Yogi Adityanath (1972-) India
Gallery
-
Original image
Citations
Template:Nonquad Template:Authunity Template:Religious Template:Nation Template:Reactionary